Peneicultura

La peneicultura és l'aqüicultura de les gambes. El nom "peneicultura" prové del fet que pràcticament totes les gambes que es cultiven a les granges pertanyen a la família Penaeidae o penèids. Dins d'aquesta família només dues espècies Penaeus vannamei i Penaeus monodon ja comprenen més del 80% de totes les gambes cultivades.

El conreu industrial de gambes requereix basses d'uns 1.000 m², situades preferentment en zones que ja són aiguamolls salats naturals o estuaris. A certes zones del sud-est asiàtic les condicions climàtiques permeten que el conreu de gambes es pugui fer tot l'any.

Al mar Mediterrani la peneicultura només es pot practicar durant els mesos d'estiu, car les espècies de penèids utilitzades industrialment són susceptibles al fred. Aquest tipus de monoconreu és molt vulnerable a diverses malalties que poden exterminar totalment la població de gambes. La situació de les granges en zones importants ecològicament, com aiguamolls costaners, causa problemes als hàbitats contigus. Les queixes de diverses ONGs varen portar als governs de certs països a regular més estrictament la peneicultura l'any 1999.

Airejador de pales a una granja de peneicultura
Naupli d'una gamba

Bibliografia[modifica]

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McQuaid, J.: Thailand transformed by shrimp boom, March 28, 1996. Part of a series for which the newspaper The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, won the Pulitzer Prize in the category Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 1997.

Enllaços externs[modifica]

Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) has many of the World Bank et al. reports and a lot of current information about shrimp farming in Asia.
Scampi.nu is a Swedish web site critical of shrimp farming that has many excellent links to English articles.
Mai Po gei wai is a WWF-managed extensive shrimp farm in Hong Kong.
'Seafood Guide' Monterey Bay Aquarium offers good information on choosing seafood that is caught using sustainable and environmentally aware methods.
Environmental Justice Foundation Arxivat 2011-07-22 a Wayback Machine. The Environmental Justice Foundation has created several video and written reports about the damaging shrimp farming causes to coastal habitats.
Shrimp farming, from Greenpeace.
Australian Prawn Farming Manual Download page of the 159 page PDF published by The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries

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