Model de clima global

Els models climàtics són sistemes de equacions diferencials basts en les lleis de la física, la dinàmica de fluids i la química

Un model de circulació general( en anglès: general circulation model,GCM) és un model matemàtic de la circulació general de l’atmosfera planetària o de l’oceà basada en les Equacions de Navier–Stokes sobre una esfera rotativa en termes termodinàmics per diferent fonts d’energia (radiació, calor latent). Aquestes equacions són la base per a complexos programes d’ordinador que es fan servir per la simulació de l’atmosfera o els oceams de la Terra. S’aplique enls models GCMs (AGCM i OGCM) en la predicció meteorològica i per les projeccions sobre el canvi climàtic. H i ha versions per a l’escal de dècades i de segles. Aquests models numèrics estan basats en la integració d’una gran varietat d’equacions de la dinàmica de fluids, la química i de vegades de la biologia.

Models de clima a internet

• National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS) is a NOAA Web-services based project providing both real-time and retrospective format independent access to climate and weather model data.
• Dapper/DChart – plot and download model data referenced by the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
• http://www.hadleycentre.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/models/modeltypes.html – Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research – general info on their models
• http://www.ccsm.ucar.edu/ – NCAR/UCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM)
• http://www.climateprediction.net – do it yourself climate prediction
• http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/modelE/ – the primary research GCM developed by NASA/GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies)
• http://edgcm.columbia.edu/ – the original NASA/GISS global climate model (GCM) with a user-friendly interface for PCs and Macs
• http://www.cccma.bc.ec.gc.ca/ – CCCma model info and interface to retrieve model data
• http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/CM2.X/ – NOAA / Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2 global climate model info and model output data files
• http://www.climate.uvic.ca/ – University of Victoria Global climate model, free for download. Leading researcher was a contributing author to the recent IPCC report on climate change.

Enllaços externs

• Climate Change Prediction: A challenging scientific problem (2005). By Prof. A.J. Thorpe. Explains how predictions of future climate change are made using climate models.
• Climate Simulations for 1951–2050 with a Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Model by Sun and Hansen (2003)
• History of Global Climate Modelling
• E-Media from GFDL's CCVP Group. Includes videos, animations, podcasts and transcripts on climate models.
• [1] GFDL's Flexible Modeling System containing code for the climate models.
• Dapper/DChart – plot and download model data referenced by the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
• Chapter 8: Climate Models and Their Evaluation. The IPCC Working Group I Fourth Assessment Report (2007).
• CCSP, 2008: Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research [Bader D.C., C. Covey, W.J. Gutowski Jr., I.M. Held, K.E. Kunkel, R.L. Miller, R.T. Tokmakian and M.H. Zhang (Authors)]. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Washington, D.C., USA, 124 pp.
• BBC News: Models 'key to climate forecasts'. Dr Vicky Pope of the Hadley Centre explains how computer models are used to predict the day-to-day weather and changes to the climate (2007).
• The scientific basis for projections of climate change (in a nutshell). Video of a lecture given at Princeton University by Isaac Held, Professor of Geosciences and Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). 26 February 2008.
• (IPCC 2001 section 8.3) – on model hierarchy
• (IPCC 2001 section 8) – much information on coupled GCM's
• Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
• On the Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks over the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue
• Basic Radiation Calculations – The Discovery of Global Warming
• Henderson-Sellers, A.; Robinson, P. J.. Contemporary Climatology. New York: Longman, 1999. ISBN 0-582-27631-4.