Sociònica

La sociònica és la teoria de la personalitat que barreja les teories psicològiques de Carl Gustav Jung, Sigmund Freud, els treballs d'Antoni Kępiński i les aportacions sobre tests de personalitat nord-americans. Nascuda als anys 70 als cercles soviètics.^[1] La sociònica divideix les persones en setze tipus segons el tractament que fan de la informació del món exterior. Cadascun d'aquests tipus s'identifica amb una icona i té com a model un referent històric o literari. Els elements que formen els tipus s'adscriuen a les parts de la ment descrites per Freud (jo, superjò i allò), formant blocs que determinen la manera d'actuar de l'individu.^[2] Aquests elements també influeixen en la manera de relacionar-se de cada persona, ja que hi ha tipus de personalitat que tenen més probabilitat de ser compatibles que d'altres.

Tipus de persones

Els setze sociotipus es formen per les dues funcions més dominants en la manera de tractar la informació de les 8 possibles. Aquesta tendència és innata, tot i que es pot alterar per l'experiència. Per això, es pot dir que els individus diferencien el seu caràcter per la introversió i extraversió que mostren, pel component racional o irracional que domina els seus actes, per si les seves accions depenen més de la lògica o l'ètica, i per l'aprenentatge de l'entorn sensorial o amb la intuïció. La primera dicotomia influeix les altres, de manera que hi ha 8 subtipus bàsics de primer component:

extravertit lògic: individu que busca l'eficiència i la prudència en la gestió dels recursos
extravertit ètic: expert en intel·ligència emocional
extravertit sensitiu: controla el mateix territori, detecta bé els riscos externs, entén com es percep un qualia
extravertit intuïtiu: entén l'essència de les coses i el potencial de cada persona, influeix en la motivació aliena
introvertit lògic: destaca en la categorització de fenòmens i la relació d'idees
introvertit ètic: persona que fa judicis morals acurats, estudia l'estructura social i valora els rols personals
introvertit sensitiu: aquell qui presta més atenció als aspectes físics, a l'harmonia i la comoditat
introvertit intuïtiu: prioritza la informació associada al pas del temps

La combinació per parelles dels components dominants dóna el caràcter final (no s'aparellen els oposats), que té un model identificable en un arquetip o personatge:

El buscador = Don Quixot
El mediador = Alexandre Dumas (pare)
L'entusiasta = Victor Hugo
L'analític = Descartes
El mentor = Hamlet
L'inspector = Maksim Gorki
El mariscal = Gueorgui Júkov
El líric = Ray Bradbury
El polític = Juli Cèsar
El crític = Honoré de Balzac
L'empresari = Jack London
L'encarregat = Theodore Dreiser
L'administrador = Sherlock Holmes
L'humanista = Fiódor Dostoievski
El conseller = Tom Sawyer
El mestre = Georges Simenon

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Sociònica

↑ Blutner R., Hochnadel E. «Two qubits for C.G. Jung’s theory of personality». Cognitive Systems Research, 11, 3, 2010, pàg. 243-259.
"Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausˇra Augustinavicˇiute. The name ‘socionics’ is derived from the word ‘society, since Augustinavicˇiute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society, which can be described and explained by socionics. The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI; however, whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe, the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe. For more information, the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution (see http://socionic.info/en/esocjur.html#top). Despite of several similarities there are also important differences. For instance, the MBTI is based on questionnaires with so-called forced-choice questions. Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question. Obviously, such tests are self-referential. That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves. Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead. However, if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly, we expect results that often make sense. For that reason, we do not reject test questions principally, but we have to take into account their self-referential character. Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jung’s intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it, mainly in terms of informational metabolism (Kepinski & PZWL, 1972). Further, socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se, but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities."
↑ Fink G. and Mayrhofer W. Cross-cultural competence and management - setting the stage // European J. Cross-Cultural Competence and Management. - 2009. - Vol. 1. - No. 1.
Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory. In the context of this article, four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and / or their appropriateness for the topic: Socionics (founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute, eg, Augustinavichiute, 1994, 1998); cybernetic mindscape theory (Maruyama, 1980; Boje, 2004); the five factor model (FFM), commonly called the 'big five "personality trait model (Costa and McCrae, 1992); the personality type theory of the Myers-Briggs type inventory (MBTI, see McKenna et al., 2002)

[blunter2010-1] Blutner R., Hochnadel E. «Two qubits for C.G. Jung’s theory of personality». Cognitive Systems Research, 11, 3, 2010, pàg. 243-259.
"Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausˇra Augustinavicˇiute. The name ‘socionics’ is derived from the word ‘society, since Augustinavicˇiute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society, which can be described and explained by socionics. The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI; however, whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe, the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe. For more information, the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution (see http://socionic.info/en/esocjur.html#top). Despite of several similarities there are also important differences. For instance, the MBTI is based on questionnaires with so-called forced-choice questions. Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question. Obviously, such tests are self-referential. That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves. Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead. However, if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly, we expect results that often make sense. For that reason, we do not reject test questions principally, but we have to take into account their self-referential character. Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jung’s intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it, mainly in terms of informational metabolism (Kepinski & PZWL, 1972). Further, socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se, but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities."

[2] Fink G. and Mayrhofer W. Cross-cultural competence and management - setting the stage // European J. Cross-Cultural Competence and Management. - 2009. - Vol. 1. - No. 1.
Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory. In the context of this article, four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and / or their appropriateness for the topic: Socionics (founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute, eg, Augustinavichiute, 1994, 1998); cybernetic mindscape theory (Maruyama, 1980; Boje, 2004); the five factor model (FFM), commonly called the 'big five "personality trait model (Costa and McCrae, 1992); the personality type theory of the Myers-Briggs type inventory (MBTI, see McKenna et al., 2002)

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