Viola (gènere): diferència entre les revisions
→Espècies: Inserció de nova espècie. |
Completo la llista d'espècies. |
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| familia = [[Violaceae]] |
| familia = [[Violaceae]] |
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| genus = '''Viola''' |
| genus = '''Viola''' |
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| genus_authority = [[Carl von Linné|Linné]] [[1753]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Espècies |
| subdivision_ranks = Espècies |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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== Espècies == |
== Espècies == |
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N'hi ha unes 500, sense comptar els híbrids. Els '''pensaments''', o pensaments de jardí ''([[Viola ×wittrockiana]])'', són plantes híbrides. |
N'hi ha unes 500, sense comptar els híbrids. Els '''pensaments''', o pensaments de jardí ''([[Viola ×wittrockiana]])'', són plantes híbrides. |
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* ''[[Viola alba]]'', [[violer d'alzinar]] |
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* ''[[Viola arborescens]]'', [[viola de tardor]] |
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* ''[[Viola arvensis]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola banksii]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola biflora]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola bubanii]]'', [[pensament del Montseny]] |
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* ''[[Vilola calaminària]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola canina]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola cornuta]]'', [[pensament pirinenc]] |
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* ''[[Viola hederacea]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola hirta]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola odorata]]'', [[viola d'olor]] |
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* ''[[Viola pedunculata]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola pubescens]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola riviniana]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola stagnina]]'' |
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* ''[[Viola sylvestris]]'', [[viola silvestre]] |
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* ''[[Viola tricolor]]'', [[pensament silvestre]] |
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La llista completa d'espècies segons l'[[Système d'Information Taxonomique Intégré|ITIS]] és: |
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{{Div col|cols=3}} |
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* ''[[Viola lobata var. lobata]]'' Benth. |
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* ''[[Viola nephrophylla var. nephrophylla]]'' Greene |
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* ''[[Viola palmata var. palmata]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola renifolia var. renifolia]]'' Gray |
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* ''[[Viola septentrionalis var. septentrionalis]]'' Greene |
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* ''[[Viola umbraticola var. umbraticola]]'' Kunth |
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** ''[[Viola biflora ssp. biflora]]'' Linné |
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** ''[[Viola biflora ssp. carlottae]]'' Calder et Taylor |
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** ''[[Viola canina ssp. canina]]'' Linné |
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** ''[[Viola canina ssp. montana]]'' (Linné) Hartman |
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* ''[[Viola adunca]]'' Sm. |
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* ''[[Viola affinis]]'' Le Conte |
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* ''[[Viola agellae]]'' Pollard |
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* ''[[Viola appalachiensis]]'' Henry |
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* ''[[Viola arvensis]]'' Murr. |
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* ''[[Viola aurea]]'' Kellogg |
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* ''[[Viola bakeri]]'' Greene |
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* ''[[Viola beckwithii]]'' Torr. et Gray |
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* [[Viola ×bernardii|''Viola'' ×''bernardii'']] Greene (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola bicolor]]'' Pursh |
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* ''[[Viola biflora]]'' Linné |
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* [[Viola ×bissellii|''Viola'' ×''bissellii'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola blanda]]'' Willd. |
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* [[Viola ×brauniae|''Viola'' ×''brauniae'']] Grover ex Cooperrider |
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* ''[[Viola brittoniana]]'' Pollard |
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* ''[[Viola californica]]'' M.S. Baker |
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* ''[[Viola canadensis]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola canina]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola chamissoniana]]'' Gingins |
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* ''[[Viola charlestonensis]]'' M.S. Baker et J.C. Clausen ex Clokey |
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* ''[[Viola charlestownensis]]'' S. Baker & J. Clausen |
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* ''[[Viola clauseniana]]'' Baker |
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* [[Viola ×conjugens|''Viola'' ×''conjugens'']] Greene (pro sp.) |
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* [[Viola ×consobrina|''Viola'' ×''consobrina'']] House |
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* [[Viola ×consocia|''Viola'' ×''consocia'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola conspersa]]'' Reichenb. |
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* [[Viola ×cooperrideri|''Viola'' ×''cooperrideri'']] H.E. Ballard |
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* [[Viola ×cordifolia|''Viola'' ×''cordifolia'']] (Nutt.) Schwein. (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola cucullata]]'' Ait. (símbol floral de la província canadenca de [[Nouveau-Brunswick]]) |
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* ''[[Viola cuneata]]'' S. Wats. |
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* [[Viola ×davisii|''Viola'' ×''davisii'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola dissena]]'' House |
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* ''[[Viola douglasii]]'' Steud. |
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* [[Viola ×eamesii|''Viola'' ×''eamesii'']] House |
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* [[Viola ×eclipes|''Viola'' ×''eclipes'']] H.E. Ballard |
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* ''[[Viola egglestonii]]'' Brainerd |
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* ''[[Viola epipsila]]'' Ledeb. |
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* [[Viola ×filicetorum|''Viola'' ×''filicetorum'']] Greene (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola flettii]]'' Piper |
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* ''[[Viola frank-smithii]]'' N. Holmgren |
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* ''[[Viola glabella]]'' Nutt. |
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* ''[[Viola greenmani]]'' House |
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* ''[[Viola guadalupensis]]'' A. Powell et B. Wauer |
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* ''[[Viola hallii]]'' Gray |
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* ''[[Viola hastata]]'' Michx. |
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* ''[[Viola helena]]'' C. N. Forbes & Lydgate |
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* ''[[Viola helenae]]'' Forbes et Lydgate |
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* ''[[Viola hirsutula]]'' Brainerd |
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* [[Viola ×hollickii|''Viola'' ×''hollickii'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola howellii]]'' Gray |
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* [[Viola ×insolita|''Viola'' ×''insolita'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola kauaensis]]'' Gray |
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* ''[[Viola labradorica]]'' Schrank |
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* ''[[Viola lanaiensis]]'' Becker |
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* ''[[Viola lanceolata]]'' L. |
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* ''[[Viola langsdorffii]]'' Fisch. Ex Ging. |
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* ''[[Viola langsdorfii]]'' Fisch. ex Gingins |
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* ''[[Viola lithion]]'' N. et P. Holmgren |
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* ''[[Viola lobata]]'' Benth. |
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* ''[[Viola lovelliana]]'' Brainerd |
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* [[Viola ×luciae|''Viola'' ×''luciae'']] Skottsberg |
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* ''[[Viola macloskeyi]]'' Lloyd |
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* [[Viola ×malteana|''Viola'' ×''malteana'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola maviensis]]'' Mann |
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* ''[[Viola mirabilis]]'' L. |
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* [[Viola ×mistura|''Viola'' ×''mistura'']] House (pro sp.) |
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* [[Viola ×modesta|''Viola'' ×''modesta'']] House |
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* [[Viola ×mollicula|''Viola'' ×''mollicula'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola mulfordae]]'' Pollard |
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* [[Viola ×mulfordiae|''Viola'' ×''mulfordiae'']] Pollard (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola nephrophylla]]'' Greene |
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* [[Viola ×notabilis|''Viola'' ×''notabilis'']] Bickn. (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola novae-angliae]]'' House |
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* ''[[Viola nuttallii]]'' Pursh |
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* ''[[Viola oahuensis]]'' Forbes |
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* ''[[Viola ocellata]]'' Torr. et Gray |
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* ''[[Viola odorata]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola orbiculata]]'' Geyer ex Holz. |
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* ''[[Viola palmata]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola palustris]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola patrinii]]'' DC. |
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* ''[[Viola pedata]]'' Linné |
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* ''[[Viola pedatifida]]'' G. Don |
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* ''[[Viola pedunculata]]'' Torr. et Gray |
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* ''[[Viola pinetorum]]'' Greene |
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* [[Viola ×populifolia|''Viola'' ×''populifolia'']] Greene (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola porterana]]'' Pollard |
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* ''[[Viola praemorsa]]'' Dougl. ex Lindl. |
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* [[Viola ×primulifolia|''Viola'' ×''primulifolia'']] L. (pro sp.) |
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* ''[[Viola psychodes]]'' Greene |
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* ''[[Viola pubescens]]'' Ait. |
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* ''[[Viola purpurea]]'' Kellogg |
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* [[Viola ×ravida|''Viola'' ×''ravida'']] House |
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* [[Viola ×redacta|''Viola'' ×''redacta'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola renifolia]]'' Gray |
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* ''[[Viola rostrata]]'' Pursh |
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* ''[[Viola rotundifolia]]'' Michx. |
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* [[Viola ×ryoniae|''Viola'' ×''ryoniae'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola sagittata]]'' Ait. |
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* ''[[Viola selkirki]]'' Pursh ex Goldie |
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* ''[[Viola selkirkii]]'' Pursh ex Goldie |
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* ''[[Viola sempervirens]]'' Greene |
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* ''[[Viola septemloba]]'' Le Conte |
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* ''[[Viola sheltonii]]'' Torr. |
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* ''[[Viola shletonii]]'' Torrey |
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* [[Viola ×slavinii|''Viola'' ×''slavinii'']] House |
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* ''[[Viola sororia]]'' Willd. |
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* ''[[Viola stipularis]]'' Sw. |
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* ''[[Viola striata]]'' Ait. |
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* ''[[Viola sublanceolata]]'' House (pro hybr.) |
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* ''[[Viola tomentosa]]'' M.S. Baker et J.C. Clausen |
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* ''[[Pensée sauvage (plante)|Viola tricolor]]'' L. |
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* ''[[Viola trinervata]]'' (T.J. Howell) T.J. Howell ex Gray |
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* ''[[Viola tripartita]]'' Ell. |
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* ''[[Viola umbraticola]]'' Kunth |
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* ''[[Viola utahensis]]'' M.S. Baker et J.C. Clausen ex Baker |
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* ''[[Viola vallicola]]'' A. Nels. |
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* ''[[Viola viarum]]'' Pollard |
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* ''[[Viola villosa]]'' Walt. |
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* ''[[Viola wailenalenae]]'' (Rock) Skottsberg |
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* ''[[Viola walteri]]'' House |
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* [[Viola ×wittrockiana|''Viola'' ×''wittrockiana'']] Gams. |
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* [[Viola ×wujekii|''Viola'' ×''wujekii'']] H.E. Ballard |
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{{Div col end}} |
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{{commonscat}} |
{{commonscat}} |
Revisió del 03:15, 5 juny 2015
Viola reichenbachiana | |
Taxonomia | |
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Super-regne | Eukaryota |
Regne | Plantae |
Ordre | Malpighiales |
Família | Violaceae |
Gènere | Viola L., 1753 |
Tipus taxonòmic | Viola odorata |
Viola és un gènere de plantes amb flor de la família de les violàcies.
Particularitats
El génere Viola és originari de climes temperats de l'hemisferi nord, incloent-hi Hawaii, Australàsia i els Andes. Les espècies més conegudes són les violes (també anomenades violers o violetes) i els pensaments.
La majoria d'espècies de viola són plantes herbàcies perennes i de mida reduïda. Algunes són arbustives. Les fulles normalment són de forma cordiforme i les flors asimètriques de color viola groc o blanc o altres combinacions. Algunes espècies són molt oloroses (Viola odorata) i altres molt poc.
Algunes espècies europees de mida molt reduïda viuen a l'ombra, mig cobertes de vegetació i floreixen a final d'hivern i principi de primavera.
Les flors anomenades "violetes africanes" Saintpaulia no estan relacionades amb el gènere Viola.
Espècies
N'hi ha unes 500, sense comptar els híbrids. Els pensaments, o pensaments de jardí (Viola ×wittrockiana), són plantes híbrides.
La llista completa d'espècies segons l'ITIS és:
- Viola lobata var. lobata Benth.
- Viola nephrophylla var. nephrophylla Greene
- Viola palmata var. palmata Linné
- Viola renifolia var. renifolia Gray
- Viola septentrionalis var. septentrionalis Greene
- Viola umbraticola var. umbraticola Kunth
- Viola biflora ssp. biflora Linné
- Viola biflora ssp. carlottae Calder et Taylor
- Viola canina ssp. canina Linné
- Viola canina ssp. montana (Linné) Hartman
- Viola adunca Sm.
- Viola affinis Le Conte
- Viola agellae Pollard
- Viola appalachiensis Henry
- Viola arvensis Murr.
- Viola aurea Kellogg
- Viola bakeri Greene
- Viola beckwithii Torr. et Gray
- Viola ×bernardii Greene (pro sp.)
- Viola bicolor Pursh
- Viola biflora Linné
- Viola ×bissellii House
- Viola blanda Willd.
- Viola ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider
- Viola brittoniana Pollard
- Viola californica M.S. Baker
- Viola canadensis Linné
- Viola canina Linné
- Viola chamissoniana Gingins
- Viola charlestonensis M.S. Baker et J.C. Clausen ex Clokey
- Viola charlestownensis S. Baker & J. Clausen
- Viola clauseniana Baker
- Viola ×conjugens Greene (pro sp.)
- Viola ×consobrina House
- Viola ×consocia House
- Viola conspersa Reichenb.
- Viola ×cooperrideri H.E. Ballard
- Viola ×cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein. (pro sp.)
- Viola cucullata Ait. (símbol floral de la província canadenca de Nouveau-Brunswick)
- Viola cuneata S. Wats.
- Viola ×davisii House
- Viola dissena House
- Viola douglasii Steud.
- Viola ×eamesii House
- Viola ×eclipes H.E. Ballard
- Viola egglestonii Brainerd
- Viola epipsila Ledeb.
- Viola ×filicetorum Greene (pro sp.)
- Viola flettii Piper
- Viola frank-smithii N. Holmgren
- Viola glabella Nutt.
- Viola greenmani House
- Viola guadalupensis A. Powell et B. Wauer
- Viola hallii Gray
- Viola hastata Michx.
- Viola helena C. N. Forbes & Lydgate
- Viola helenae Forbes et Lydgate
- Viola hirsutula Brainerd
- Viola ×hollickii House
- Viola howellii Gray
- Viola ×insolita House
- Viola kauaensis Gray
- Viola labradorica Schrank
- Viola lanaiensis Becker
- Viola lanceolata L.
- Viola langsdorffii Fisch. Ex Ging.
- Viola langsdorfii Fisch. ex Gingins
- Viola lithion N. et P. Holmgren
- Viola lobata Benth.
- Viola lovelliana Brainerd
- Viola ×luciae Skottsberg
- Viola macloskeyi Lloyd
- Viola ×malteana House
- Viola maviensis Mann
- Viola mirabilis L.
- Viola ×mistura House (pro sp.)
- Viola ×modesta House
- Viola ×mollicula House
- Viola mulfordae Pollard
- Viola ×mulfordiae Pollard (pro sp.)
- Viola nephrophylla Greene
- Viola ×notabilis Bickn. (pro sp.)
- Viola novae-angliae House
- Viola nuttallii Pursh
- Viola oahuensis Forbes
- Viola ocellata Torr. et Gray
- Viola odorata Linné
- Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Holz.
- Viola palmata Linné
- Viola palustris Linné
- Viola patrinii DC.
- Viola pedata Linné
- Viola pedatifida G. Don
- Viola pedunculata Torr. et Gray
- Viola pinetorum Greene
- Viola ×populifolia Greene (pro sp.)
- Viola porterana Pollard
- Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl.
- Viola ×primulifolia L. (pro sp.)
- Viola psychodes Greene
- Viola pubescens Ait.
- Viola purpurea Kellogg
- Viola ×ravida House
- Viola ×redacta House
- Viola renifolia Gray
- Viola rostrata Pursh
- Viola rotundifolia Michx.
- Viola ×ryoniae House
- Viola sagittata Ait.
- Viola selkirki Pursh ex Goldie
- Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
- Viola sempervirens Greene
- Viola septemloba Le Conte
- Viola sheltonii Torr.
- Viola shletonii Torrey
- Viola ×slavinii House
- Viola sororia Willd.
- Viola stipularis Sw.
- Viola striata Ait.
- Viola sublanceolata House (pro hybr.)
- Viola tomentosa M.S. Baker et J.C. Clausen
- Viola tricolor L.
- Viola trinervata (T.J. Howell) T.J. Howell ex Gray
- Viola tripartita Ell.
- Viola umbraticola Kunth
- Viola utahensis M.S. Baker et J.C. Clausen ex Baker
- Viola vallicola A. Nels.
- Viola viarum Pollard
- Viola villosa Walt.
- Viola wailenalenae (Rock) Skottsberg
- Viola walteri House
- Viola ×wittrockiana Gams.
- Viola ×wujekii H.E. Ballard
A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Viola |
Referències
- ITIS (Accessed December 2 2002)
- The Oxford Companion to Food, by Alan Davidson, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-211579-0
- Larousse Gastronomique, by Prosper Montagne (Ed.), Clarkson Potter, 2001. ISBN 0-609-60971-8