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'''Yvonne Madelaine Brill''' (de soltera '''Claeys'''; 30 de desembre de 1924 – 27 de març del 2013) fou una enginyera de propulsió canadenca-americana, coneguda habitualment pel seu desenvolupament de tecnologies de propulsió de coets i de reacció.<ref name=Weil_Brill /> Durant la seva carrera ha participat en una àmplia gamma de programes espacials nacionals als Estats Units, incloent la [[NASA]] i la [[International Mobile Satellite Organization]].<ref name=SunObit>QMI AGENCY, [http://www.torontosun.com/2013/03/30/pioneer-canadian-rocket-scientist-dead-at-age-88 "Pioneer Canadian rocket scientist dead at age 88"], ''[[The Toronto Sun]]'', 27 de març del 2013</ref><ref>Invent Now, [http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/407.html "HALL OF FAME/ Inventor Profile"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407220237/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/407.html |date= 7 d'abril de 2013 }}, ''Invent Now'', consultat el 27 de març de 2013</ref>
'''Yvonne Madelaine Brill''' (de soltera '''Claeys'''; 30 de desembre de 1924 – 27 de març del 2013) fou una enginyera de propulsió canadenca-americana, coneguda habitualment pel seu desenvolupament de tecnologies de propulsió de coets i de reacció.<ref name=Weil_Brill /> Durant la seva carrera ha participat en una àmplia gamma de programes espacials nacionals als Estats Units, incloent la [[NASA]] i la [[International Mobile Satellite Organization]].<ref name=SunObit>QMI AGENCY, [http://www.torontosun.com/2013/03/30/pioneer-canadian-rocket-scientist-dead-at-age-88 "Pioneer Canadian rocket scientist dead at age 88"], ''[[The Toronto Sun]]'', 27 de març del 2013</ref><ref>Invent Now, [http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/407.html "HALL OF FAME/ Inventor Profile"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407220237/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/407.html |date= 7 d'abril de 2013 }}, ''Invent Now'', consultat el 27 de març de 2013</ref>


==Early Life==
== Primes anys ==
Yvonne Madelaine Claeys was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Her parents were immigrants from Belgium.<ref name=Weil_Brill>{{cite news|last=Weil|first=Martin|title=Yvonne Brill, pioneer in spacecraft propulsion, dies at 88|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/yvonne-brill-pioneer-in-spacecraft-propulsion-dies-at-88/2013/03/31/f8f77d38-99c7-11e2-b68f-dc5c4b47e519_story.html|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=12 March 2014|date=March 31, 2013}}</ref> She attended the University of Manitoba, but was barred from studying engineering because of her gender, so she studied chemistry and mathematics.<ref name=space.com_brill>{{cite web|last=Gannon|first=Megan|title=Pioneering Rocket Scientist Yvonne Brill Dies at 88|url=http://www.space.com/20467-yvonne-brill-rocket-scientist-obituary.html|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=12 March 2014}}</ref>
Yvonne Madelaine Claeys va néixer a Winnipeg, Manitoba. Els seus pares eren immigrants de Bèlgica.<ref name=Weil_Brill>{{cite news|last=Weil|first=Martin|title=Yvonne Brill, pioneer in spacecraft propulsion, dies at 88|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/yvonne-brill-pioneer-in-spacecraft-propulsion-dies-at-88/2013/03/31/f8f77d38-99c7-11e2-b68f-dc5c4b47e519_story.html|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=12 de març del 2014|date= 31 de març del 2013}}</ref> Ella va assistir a la Universitat de Manitoba, però va ser exclosa de l'estudi d'enginyeria per raó de gènere, motiu pel qual va estudiar química i matemàtiques.<ref name=space.com_brill>{{cite web|last=Gannon|first=Megan|title=Pioneering Rocket Scientist Yvonne Brill Dies at 88|url=http://www.space.com/20467-yvonne-brill-rocket-scientist-obituary.html|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=12 de març del 2014}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==

Revisió del 18:04, 12 març 2017

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Infotaula de personaYvonne Brill

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Biografia
Naixement(en) Yvonne Madelaine Claeys Modifica el valor a Wikidata
30 desembre 1924 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
St. Vital (Canadà) (en) Tradueix Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Mort27 març 2013 Modifica el valor a Wikidata (88 anys)
Princeton (Nova Jersey) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Causa de mortCauses naturals Modifica el valor a Wikidata (Càncer de mama Modifica el valor a Wikidata)
Dades personals
FormacióUniversitat de Manitoba - matemàtiques (valor desconegut–1945)
Universitat del Sud de Califòrnia - química (valor desconegut–1951) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Activitat
Camp de treballCoeteria Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Ocupacióquímica, inventora, tècnica, enginyera Modifica el valor a Wikidata
OcupadorInternational Mobile Satellite Organization (en) Tradueix
United Aircraft (en) Tradueix
Curtiss-Wright (en) Tradueix
Marquardt Corporation (en) Tradueix
NASA
Douglas Aircraft Company
FMC Corporation (en) Tradueix Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Membre de
Premis
Find a Grave: 107634169 Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Yvonne Madelaine Brill (de soltera Claeys; 30 de desembre de 1924 – 27 de març del 2013) fou una enginyera de propulsió canadenca-americana, coneguda habitualment pel seu desenvolupament de tecnologies de propulsió de coets i de reacció.[1] Durant la seva carrera ha participat en una àmplia gamma de programes espacials nacionals als Estats Units, incloent la NASA i la International Mobile Satellite Organization.[2][3]

Primes anys

Yvonne Madelaine Claeys va néixer a Winnipeg, Manitoba. Els seus pares eren immigrants de Bèlgica.[1] Ella va assistir a la Universitat de Manitoba, però va ser exclosa de l'estudi d'enginyeria per raó de gènere, motiu pel qual va estudiar química i matemàtiques.[4]

Career

Brill's work in satellite propulsion systems resulted in a number of significant developments. She developed the concept for a new rocket engine, the hydrazine resistojet, and she proposed the use of a single propellant because of the value and simplicity that it would provide. Her invention resulted in not only higher engine performance but also increased reliability of the propulsion system. Due to the reduction this created in propellant weight requirements this resulted in either increased payload capability or extended mission life.[5]

As a result of her innovative concepts for satellite propulsion systems and her breakthrough engineering solutions, Brill earned an international reputation as a pioneer in space exploration and utilization. Brill invented the hydrazine resistojet propulsion system in 1967 for which she holds U.S. Patent No. 3,807,657.[6] Her invention became a standard in the industry, and has translated into millions of dollars of increased revenue for commercial communications satellite owners.[5]

Brill contributed to the propulsion systems of TIROS, the first weather satellite; Nova, a series of rocket designs that were used in American moon missions; Explorer 32, the first upper-atmosphere satellite; and the Mars Observer, which in 1992 almost entered a Mars orbit before losing communication with Earth.[7]

Awards and honors

Brill was awarded the AIAA Wyld Propulsion Award (2002)[8] and the American Association of Engineering Societies John Fritz Medal (2009).[2][9] In 1980, Harper's Bazaar and the DeBeers Corporation gave her their Diamond Superwoman award for returning to a successful career after starting a family. In 2001 she was awarded the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal.[7] In 2011 President Barack Obama presented her with the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.[2]

She was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1987.[10] She received the Achievement Award, the highest honor of The Society of Women Engineers (SWE), in 1986 and was named a SWE Fellow in 1985.[11]

The Yvonne C. Brill Lectureship of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is named in her honor and presented annually.[12]

Death

A longtime resident of the Skillman section of Montgomery Township, New Jersey, Brill died of complications of breast cancer in Princeton, New Jersey.[7]

An obituary of Brill published in the March 30, 2013 issue of the New York Times originally began: "She made a mean beef stroganoff, followed her husband from job to job and took eight years off from work to raise three children".[13] The obituary was heavily criticized for leading with and overemphasizing Brill's gender and family life, rather than her scientific and career accomplishments[14] and was cited as an example of an article that failed the Finkbeiner test.[13] The Times later dropped the reference to her cooking and changed the lead of the article.[15][16]

Referències

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Weil, Martin «Yvonne Brill, pioneer in spacecraft propulsion, dies at 88». The Washington Post, 31-03-2013 [Consulta: 12 març 2014].
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 QMI AGENCY, "Pioneer Canadian rocket scientist dead at age 88", The Toronto Sun, 27 de març del 2013
  3. ↑ Invent Now, "HALL OF FAME/ Inventor Profile" Arxivat 7 d'abril de 2013 a Wayback Machine., Invent Now, consultat el 27 de març de 2013
  4. ↑ Gannon, Megan. «Pioneering Rocket Scientist Yvonne Brill Dies at 88». Space.com. [Consulta: 12 març 2014].
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 United States Patent and Trademark Office, "Yvonne C. Brill, RCA Astro Electronics", United States Patent and Trademark Office, Accessed March 30, 2013.
  6. ↑ Brill; Yvonne Claeys. «Dual Thrust Level Monopropellant Spacecraft Propulsion System». USPTO, 1972.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Martin, Douglas. "Yvonne Brill, a Pioneering Rocket Scientist, Dies at 88", The New York Times, March 31, 2013. Accessed March 31, 2013.
  8. ↑ «Wyld Propulsion Award Recipients». American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. [Consulta: April 1, 2013].
  9. ↑ «Award Guide and Past Recipients». American Association of Engineering Societies. [Consulta: Plantilla:Format date].
  10. ↑ «Deceased Members - Ms. Yvonne C. Brill». National Academy of Engineering. [Consulta: Plantilla:Format date].
  11. ↑ «Past Award Recipients». Society of Women Engineers. [Consulta: Plantilla:Format date].
  12. ↑ Hyland, Duane. «Dr. Adam Steltzner Awarded Inaugural Yvonne C. Brill Lectureship». American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, August 11, 2014. [Consulta: August 12, 2014].
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Gonzalez, Robert T. «The New York Times fails miserably in its obituary for rocket scientist Yvonne Brill». , 31-03-2013 [Consulta: 31 març 2013].
  14. ↑ «NYT Leads Obit For Brilliant Rocket Scientist With A Nod To Her Cooking And Parenting». BuzzFeed. [Consulta: 14 octubre 2015].
  15. ↑ «NY Times' Outrageous Obituary». Huffington Post, March 31, 2013.
  16. ↑ «NewsDiffs | Diffing: Yvonne Brill, a Pioneering Rocket Scientist, Dies at 88». www.newsdiffs.org. [Consulta: 14 octubre 2015].
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