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(( This Wikipedia:Incomplete lists .3. incomplete list is not intended to be exhaustive. )) ..

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This list pertains to current , widely held , erroneous ideas and beliefs about notable topics which have been reported by reliable sources. Each has been discussed in published literature , as has its topic area and the facts concerning it. Note that the statements which follow are corrections based on known facts ; the misconceptions themselves are referred to rather than stated. ..

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(==) History (==) .. Plantilla:See also .3. Wikiquote:List of misquotations ..

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(===) Ancient to early modern history (===) ..

In ANCIENT ROME , the architectural feature called a (( VOMITORIUM )) was the entranceway through which crowds entered and exited a stadium , not a special room used for purging food during meals. ^[1]. Vomiting was not a regular part of ANCIENT ROMAN CUISINE#TABLE CULTURE .3. ROMAN DINING CUSTOMS. ^[2]. ..
NERO did not "fiddle" during the GREAT FIRE OF ROME (violins had not yet been invented , nor was he playing the LYRE). In fact , according to Roman historian TACITUS , upon hearing news of the fire , Nero rushed back to Rome to organize a relief effort , which he paid for from his own funds , and he also opened his palaces to provide shelter for the homeless , arranging for food supplies to be delivered in order to prevent starvation among the survivors. ^[3]. Finally , he made a new urban development plan that attempted to make it more difficult for fires to spread. ^[4]. ..
It is true that LIFE EXPECTANCY in the Middle Ages and earlier was low ; however , many take this to mean that people usually died around the age of 30. ^[5]. In fact , the low life expectancy is an average based on high infant mortality , and the usual lifespan of adults was much higher. A 21-year-old man in medieval England , for example , could by one estimate expect to live to the age of 64. ^[6]. ..
There is no evidence that VIKINGS wore HORNS ON THEIR HELMETS. ^[7]. In fact , the image of Vikings wearing horned helmets stems from the SCENOGRAPHY of an 1876 production of the (( DER RING DES NIBELUNGEN )) opera cycle by RICHARD WAGNER. ^[8]. ..
KING CANUTE did not command the TIDE to reverse in a fit of delusional arrogance. ^[9]. His intent that day , if the incident even happened , was most likely to prove a point to members of his privy council that no man is all-powerful , and we all must bend to forces beyond our control , such as the tides. ..
There is no evidence that IRON MAIDENS were invented in the MIDDLE AGES or even used for torture. Instead they were pieced together in the 18th century from several ARTIFACTS found in museums in order to create spectacular objects intended for (commercial) exhibition. ^[10]. ..
The PLATE ARMOR of European soldiers did not stop soldiers from moving around or necessitate a crane to get them into a saddle. They would as a matter of course fight on foot and could mount and dismount without help. In fact soldiers equipped with plate armor were more mobile than those with CHAINMAIL ARMOR , as chainmail was heavier and required stiff padding beneath due to its pliable nature. ^[11]. ..
Modern historians dispute the popular misconception that the CHASTITY BELT , a device designed to prevent women from having SEXUAL INTERCOURSE , was invented in MEDIEVAL times. Most existing chastity belts are now thought to be deliberate fakes or anti-masturbatory devices from the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The latter were made due to the HISTORY OF MASTURBATION#HEALTH CONCERNS .3. WIDESPREAD BELIEF THAT MASTURBATION COULD LEAD TO INSANITY , and were mostly bought by parents for their teenage children. ^[12]. ..
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS's efforts to obtain support for his voyages were not hampered by a European belief in a FLAT EARTH. Sailors and NAVIGATORS of the time knew that the EARTH WAS ROUGHLY SPHERICAL , but (correctly) disagreed with Columbus's estimate of the distance to INDIA , which was approximately one-sixth of the actual distance. If the Americas did not exist , and had Columbus continued to India , he would have run out of supplies before reaching it at the rate he was traveling. Without the ability to determine LONGITUDE at sea , he wouldn't have learned that his estimate was an error in time to return. Many of the educated classes believed the Earth was spherical since the works of the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. ^[13]. ^[14]. ERATOSTHENES made an accurate estimate of the Earth's diameter in approximately 240 Bce. ^[15]. ^[16]. ^[17]. See also MYTH OF THE FLAT EARTH. ..

Fitxer:The First Thanksgiving cph.3g04961.jpg .3. thumb .3. right .3. (( The First THANKSGIVING )) (c. 1914) By JEAN LEON GEROME FERRIS. Many of the elements depicted in this painting are erroneous or anachronistic. ..

Columbus did not "discover America" in the sense of identifying a new continent. Although some historians argue he knew he had found a land between Europe and Asia , ^[18]. most of his writings show he thought he reached the eastern coast of Asia. ^[19]. This is , in part , why it was named after AMERIGO VESPUCCI (who identified the new continent) in 1507 , about one year after Columbus died. Most of the landings Columbus made on HIS FOUR VOYAGES , including the initial October 12 , 1492 landing (the anniversary of which forms the basis of COLUMBUS DAY) , were in the Caribbean Islands. Columbus was not the first European to visit the Americas: at least one explorer , LEIF ERICSON , preceded him. ..
There is a legend that MARCO POLO imported pasta from China ^[20]. which originated with the (( Macaroni Journal )) , published by an association of food industries with the goal of promoting the use of pasta in the United States. ^[21]. Marco Polo describes a food similar to "lagana" in his (( TRAVELS )) , but he uses a term with which he was already familiar. DURUM WHEAT , and thus pasta as it is known today , was introduced by ARABS from LIBYA , during their conquest of SICILY in the late 7th century , according to the newsletter of the NATIONAL MACARONI MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION , ^[22]. thus predating Marco Polo's travels to China by about six centuries. ..
Contrary to the popular image of the PILGRIM FATHERS , the early settlers of the PLYMOUTH COLONY did not necessarily wear all black , and their CAPOTAINS (hats) were shorter and rounder than the widely depicted tall hat with a buckle on it. Instead , their fashion was based on that of the late ELIZABETHAN ERA: DOUBLETS , JERKINS and RUFFS. Both men and women wore the same style of shoes , stockings , capes , coats and hats in a range of colors including reds , yellows , purples , and greens. Children of both sexes wore identical clothing: a CHEMISE , an ankle-length gown , an apron and a close fitting cap tied under the chin. At the age of seven , boys were "breeched" , i.e. allowed to wear adult men's clothing. ^[23]. According to PLIMOTH PLANTATION historian James W. Baker , the traditional image was formed in the 19th century when buckles were a kind of emblem of wikt:quaint .3. quaintness. ..
The thanksgiving at Plymouth Colony , widely believed to be the "First THANKSGIVING" , was not the first day of thanksgiving on the North American continent. Preceding thanksgiving days were held at the Spanish colony of SAINT AUGUSTINE , FLORIDA in 1565 , ^[24]. ^[25]. in FROBISHER BAY in 1578 , ^[26]. in French Canada beginning in 1604 , in JAMESTOWN , VIRGINIA in 1607 , ^[27]. and at BERKELEY HUNDRED in 1619 , ^[28]. in addition to numerous similarly themed indigenous celebrations. ^[29]. The association of Thanksgiving Day with the Plymouth celebration was largely the work of 19th-century writer SARAH JOSEPHA HALE , who campaigned over multiple decades for a permanent national Thanksgiving holiday. ^[30]. ^[31]. ^[32]. ..
MARIE ANTOINETTE did not say "LET THEM EAT CAKE" when she heard that the French peasantry were starving due to a shortage of bread. The phrase was first published in Rousseau's (( CONFESSIONS )) when Marie was only 10 years old and most scholars believe that ROUSSEAU coined it himself , or that it was said by MARIA-THERESA , the wife of LOUIS XIV. Even Rousseau (or Maria-Theresa) did not use the exact words but actually (( Qu'ils mangent de la brioche )) ("Let them eat BRIOCHE [a rich type of bread]"). Marie Antoinette was an unpopular ruler ; therefore , people attribute the phrase "let them eat cake" to her , in keeping with her reputation as being hard-hearted and disconnected from her subjects. ^[33]. ..
GEORGE WASHINGTON did not have wooden teeth. According to a study of Washington's four known dentures by a forensic anthropologist from the UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH (in collaboration with the NATIONAL MUSEUM OF DENTISTRY , itself associated with the SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM) , the dentures were made of gold , hippopotamus ivory , lead , and human and animal teeth (including horse and donkey teeth). ^[34]. ..
The AMERICAN REVOLUTION was not won by the use of GUERRILLA warfare. Though there were battles in the American Revolution in which guerrilla and other non-traditional tactics were employed , they were not the norm. The war was won by the AMERICAN ARMY learning to fight according to European warfare doctrine , and by AMERICA'S ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE. ^[35]. ..
The signing of the UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE did not occur on July 4 , 1776. The final language of the document was approved by the SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS on that date and it was printed and distributed on July 4 and 5 , ^[36]. but the actual signing occurred on August 2 , 1776. ^[37]. ..
The UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION was written on PARCHMENT , not HEMP paper. However , drafts were likely written on hemp paper , as most paper at the time was made from hemp. ^[38]. ..
ANTONIO SALIERI did not despise WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART , nor did he have any role in MOZART'S PREMATURE DEATH. While Mozart did have a certain amount of distrust of the elder Salieri , the two are otherwise believed to have been friendly , if somewhat rivalrous. The supposed acrimony between the two , which has been adapted in numerous works of fiction (including the play (( AMADEUS )) and its FILM ADAPTATION) , is believed to have originated in a rivalry between German and Italian factions of the classical era musical scene. ^[39]. ..

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(===) Modern history (===) .. Fitxer:Eastlake - Napoleon on the Bellerophon.jpg .3. thumb .3. upright .3. (( Napoleon on the Bellerophon )) , a painting of Napoleon I by CHARLES LOCK EASTLAKE. Napoleon was taller than his nickname , The Little Corporal , suggests. ..

NAPOLEON Bonaparte (pictured) was not short ; rather he was slightly taller than the average Frenchman of his time. ^[40]. ^[41]. After his death in 1821 , the French emperor’s height was recorded as 5 feet 2&nbsp ;inches in FOOT (LENGTH)#OBSOLETE USE IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES .3. FRENCH FEET. This corresponds to Plantilla:Convert .3. 1.69 .3. m .3. disp=flip. ^[42]. ^[43]. Some believe that he was nicknamed (( le Petit Caporal )) (The Little Corporal) as a term of affection. ^[44]. ..
CINCO DE MAYO is not MEXICO'S INDEPENDENCE DAY , it is the celebration of the Mexican Army's victory over the French in the Battle of Puebla on May 5 , 1862. MEXICO'S INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN is celebrated on September 16. ^[45]. ^[46]. ..
According to (( TIME )) magazine , there is a common misconception among Americans that ABRAHAM LINCOLN freed the AMERICAN SLAVES with the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION of January 1863. ^[47]. Slaves were not immediately freed as a result of the Proclamation , as it only applied to slaves in rebelling states not under Union control , ^[48]. which ignored it , and not to the 800 ,000 slaves in the Union's slave-holding BORDER STATES of MISSOURI , KENTUCKY , WEST VIRGINIA , MARYLAND or DELAWARE. It was only with the adoption of the THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT in 1865 that slavery was officially abolished in all of the United States. ..
The GREAT CHICAGO FIRE of 1871 was not caused by MRS. O'LEARY's cow kicking over a lantern. A newspaper reporter invented the story to make colorful copy. ^[49]. ..
The claim that FREDERICK REMINGTON , on assignment to Cuba , telegraphed WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST that "...There will be no war. I wish to return" and that Hearst responded , "Please remain. You furnish the pictures , and I'll furnish the war" is unsubstantiated. Although this claim is included in a book by JAMES CREELMAN , there is no evidence that the telegraph exchange ever happened , and substantial evidence that it did not. ^[50]. ^[51]. ..
The popular image of SANTA CLAUS was not created by THE COCA-COLA COMPANY as an advertising gimmick ; by the time Coca-Cola began using Santa Claus's image in the 1930s , Santa Claus had already taken his modern form in popular culture , having already seen extensive use in other companies' advertisements and other mass media. ^[52]. ^[53]. ^[54]. ^[55]. ^[56]. ..
Italian dictator BENITO MUSSOLINI did not "make the trains run on time". Much of the repair work had been performed before Mussolini and the FASCISTS came to power in 1922. Accounts from the era also suggest that the Italian railways' legendary adherence to timetables was more propaganda than reality. ^[57]. ..
During and after World War Ii , there were persistent reports that scrap steel from the demolition of New York's SIXTH AVENUE EL was sold to Japan , and was used to make ammunition that killed American soldiers. But the contract for sale of the scrap metal prohibited export to any country , and the contract was strictly enforced. ^[58]. ^[59]. ^[60]. ..
There is no evidence of POLISH CAVALRY mounting a brave but futile charge against German TANKS using lances and sabres during the German INVASION OF POLAND in 1939. This story may have originated from German propaganda efforts following the CHARGE AT KROJANTY in which a Polish cavalry brigade surprised German infantry in the open and charged with sabres until driven off by ARMOURED CARS. While Polish cavalry still carried the sabre for such opportunities , they were trained to fight as highly mobile , dismounted infantry and issued with light anti-tank weapons. ^[61]. ^[62]. ..
During WORLD WAR II , King CHRISTIAN X OF DENMARK did not thwart NAZI attempts to identify Jews by wearing a yellow star himself. Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear the Star of David. The Danes did HELP MOST JEWS FLEE THE COUNTRY before the end of the war. ^[63]. ^[64]. ^[65]. ..
ALBERT EINSTEIN did not fail mathematics in school , as is commonly believed. Upon being shown a column claiming this fact , Einstein said "I never failed in mathematics... Before I was fifteen I had mastered differential and integral calculus." ^[66]. ^[67]. Einstein did however fail his first entrance exam into FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL in 1895 although at the time he was two years younger than his fellow students and did exceedingly well in mathematics and science on the exam. ^[68]. ..
RONALD REAGAN was never seriously considered for the role of Rick Blaine in the 1942 film classic (( CASABLANCA )) , eventually played by HUMPHREY BOGART. This belief came from an early studio press release announcing the film's production that used his name to generate interest in the film. But by the time it had come out WARNER BROTHERS knew that Reagan was unavailable for any roles in the foreseeable future since he was no longer able to defer his entry into military service. ^[69]. Studio records show that producer HAL B. WALLIS had always wanted Bogart for the part. ^[70]. ^[71]. ..
U.S. Senator GEORGE SMATHERS never gave a speech to a rural audience describing his opponent , CLAUDE PEPPER , as an " wikt:extrovert .3. extrovert" whose sister was a " wikt:thespian .3. thespian" , in the apparent hope they would confuse them with similar-sounding words like "pervert" and "lesbian". (( TIME )) , which is sometimes cited as the source , described the story of the purported speech as a "yarn" at the time , ^[72]. and no Florida newspaper reported such a speech during the campaign. The leading reporter who covered Smathers said he always gave the same boilerplate speech. Smathers had offered $10 ,000 to anyone who could prove he had made the speech , and he died in 2007 with the money still in his bank account. ^[73]. ..
JOHN F. KENNEDY's words "Plantilla:Lang .3. de .3. ICH BIN EIN BERLINER" are standard German for "I am a Berliner". ^[74]. ^[75]. An URBAN LEGEND has it that due to his use of the indefinite article (( Plantilla:Lang .3. de .3. ein )) , (( Plantilla:Lang .3. de .3. Berliner )) is translated as (( jelly doughnut )) , and that the population of Berlin was amused by the supposed mistake. The word (( Plantilla:Lang .3. de .3. Berliner )) is not commonly used in Berlin to refer to the (( Plantilla:Lang .3. de .3. BERLINER PFANNKUCHEN )) ; they are usually called (( Plantilla:Lang .3. de .3. ein Pfannkuchen )) . ^[76]. ..
EVA PERÓN never uttered the quote "(( I will return and I will be millions )) ". The quote was first formulated by the indigenous leader TÚPAC KATARI in 1781 shortly before being executed. The misattribution to Eva Perón originates from a poem by JOSÉ MARÍA CASTIÑEIRA DE DIOS written in Eva Perón's FIRST-PERSON NARRATIVE nearly ten years after her death. The quote could have been inspired by a similar quote in the contemporary film (( SPARTACUS )) . ^[77]. ..
The ROLLING STONES were not performing "SYMPATHY FOR THE DEVIL" at the 1969 ALTAMONT FREE CONCERT when MEREDITH HUNTER was stabbed to death by a member of the local HELLS ANGELS chapter that was serving as security. While the incident that culminated in Hunter's death began while the band was performing the song , prompting a brief interruption before the Stones finished it , it concluded several songs later as the band was performing "UNDER MY THUMB". ^[78]. ^[79]. The misconception arose from mistaken reporting in (( ROLLING STONE )) . ^[80]. ..

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(==) Legislation and crime (==) ..

It is rarely necessary to wait 24 hours before filing a MISSING PERSON'S report ; in instances where there is evidence of violence or of an unusual absence , law enforcement agencies in the United States often stress the importance of beginning an investigation promptly. ^[81]. ^[82]. ^[83]. ..
ENTRAPMENT law in the United States does not require police officers to identify themselves as police in the case of a sting or other undercover work. ^[84]. The law is specifically concerned with enticing people to commit crimes they would not have considered in the normal course of events. ^[85]. ..
DIPLOMATIC MISSION#EXTRATERRITORIALITY .3. EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES are not the territory of the country they represent , but remain part of the host country. (They do enjoy some special legal protections , in accordance with the VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS.) ^[86]. ^[87]. ^[88]. ..

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(==) Food and cooking (==) .. Fitxer:Western Sushi.jpg .3. thumb .3. 180px .3. Roll-style Western SUSHI. Contrary to a popular misconception , sushi can contain any number of ingredients , including vegetables and other non-meat products. ..

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SEARING meat does not "seal in" moisture , and in fact may actually cause meat to lose moisture. Generally , the value in searing meat is that it creates a brown crust with a rich flavor via the MAILLARD REACTION. ^[89]. ^[90]. ^[91]. ..
Adding COOKING OIL to pasta that is being boiled is widely believed to prevent the pasta from sticking. However , oil is an insoluble hydrophobic substance , such that it will float on the surface of the water. Therefore , the pasta (which sits on the bottom of the saucepan) has virtually no exposure to the oil during the cooking process. The oil may eventually come into contact with the pasta only after draining , although this is generally undesired , since it makes it much more difficult for any sauce to adhere to the pasta. ^[92]. The primary reason to add oil is to avoid foaming and/or boiling over. ^[93]. ..
Some cooks believe that FOOD ITEMS COOKED WITH WINE OR LIQUOR will be non-alcoholic , because ALCOHOL'S low boiling point causes it to evaporate quickly when heated. However , a study found that some of the alcohol remains: 25 % after 1 hour of baking or simmering , and 10 % after 2 hours. ^[94]. ^[95]. ..
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (Msg) has a widespread reputation for triggering MIGRAINE headache exacerbations , but there are no consistent data to support this relationship. Although there have been reports of an Msg-sensitive subset of the population , this has not been demonstrated in placebo-controlled trials. ^[96]. ^[97]. ..
(( SUSHI )) does not mean "raw fish" , and not all sushi includes raw fish. The name sushi means "sour rice" , and refers to the vinegared rice used in it. ^[98]. ..
MICROWAVE OVENS do not cook food from the inside out. Upon penetrating food , microwave radiation decays exponentially due to the SKIN EFFECT and does not directly heat food significantly beyond the skin depth. As an example , lean muscle tissue (meat) has a skin depth of only about Plantilla:Convert .3. 1 .3. cm at microwave oven frequencies. ^[99]. ..
Placing metal inside a MICROWAVE OVEN does not damage the oven's electronics. There are , however , other safety-related issues: ELECTRICAL ARCING may occur on pieces of metal not designed for use in a microwave oven , and metal objects may become hot enough to damage food , skin , or the interior of the microwave oven. Metallic objects that are designed for microwave use can be used in a microwave with no danger ; examples include the metalized surfaces used in BROWNING SLEEVES and pizza-cooking platforms. ^[100]. ..
The functional principle of a microwave oven is not related to the resonance frequencies of water and microwave ovens can therefore operate at many different frequencies. The resonance frequencies of water are about 20&nbsp ;Ghz , which would be much too large to penetrate common foodstuffs. Instead , the microwave oven works on the principle of DIELECTRIC HEATING. ^[101]. ..
The now-discontinued TWINKIE does not have an infinite shelf life. It has a listed shelf life of approximately 25 days ^[102]. and generally remains on a store shelf for only 7 to 10 days. ^[103]. ..

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(==) Words and phrases (==) .. Plantilla:Main .3. List of common false etymologies .3. Common English usage misconceptions ..

Non-standard , slang or colloquial terms used by English speakers are sometimes alleged to not be real words. For instance , despite appearing as a word in numerous dictionaries , ^[104]. "IRREGARDLESS" is dismissed as "not a word" in some style guides. ^[105]. All words in English originated by becoming commonly used during a certain time period , thus there are many informal words currently regarded as "incorrect" in formal speech or writing. But the idea that they are somehow not words is a misconception. ^[106]. ^[107]. ^[108]. Examples of words that are sometimes alleged to be "not a word" include "conversate" , "funnest" , "mentee" , "impactful" , and "thusly". ^[109]. ^[110]. ^[111]. All of these appear in numerous dictionaries as English words. ^[112]. ..
The word "FUCK" did not originate in CHRISTIANIZED ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND (7th century Ce) as an ACRONYM for "FORNICATION Under Consent of King" ; nor did it originate as an acronym for "For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge" , either as a sign posted above ADULTERY#CRIMINAL PENALTIES .3. ADULTERERS in the STOCKS , or as a CRIMINAL CHARGE against members of the BRITISH ARMED FORCES ; nor did it originate during the 15th-century BATTLE OF AGINCOURT as a corruption of "pluck YEW" (an idiom falsely attributed to the English for drawing a LONGBOW). ^[113]. ^[114]. ^[115]. MODERN ENGLISH was not spoken until the 16th century , and words such as "fornication" and "consent" did not exist in any form in English until the ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE#THE INFLUENCE FRENCH HAD ON ENGLISH .3. INFLUENCE OF ANGLO-NORMAN in the late 12th century. The earliest recorded use of "fuck" in English comes from 1475 , in the poem "FLEN FLYYS" , where it is spelled (( fuccant )) (conjugated as if a LATIN VERB meaning "they fuck"). It is of PROTO-GERMANIC origin , and is related to either DUTCH (( fokken )) and German (( ficken )) or NORWEGIAN (( fukka )) . ^[116]. ^[117]. ^[118]. ..
The word "crap" did not originate as a BACK-FORMATION of British plumber THOMAS CRAPPER's surname , nor does his name originate from the word "crap" , although the surname may have helped popularize the word. ^[119]. ^[120]. The surname "Crapper" is a variant of "Cropper" , which originally referred to someone who HARVESTED crops. ^[121]. ^[122]. The word "crap" ultimately comes from MEDIEVAL LATIN (( crappa )) , meaning "CHAFF". ^[123]. ..
It is frequently rumored that the expression "RULE OF THUMB" , which is used to indicate a technique for generating a quick estimate , was originally coined from a law allowing a man to beat his wife with a stick , provided it was not thicker than the width of his thumb. ^[124]. In fact , the origin of this phrase remains uncertain , but the false etymology has been broadly reported in media including (( THE WASHINGTON POST )) (1989) , CNN (1993) , and (( TIME )) magazine (1983). ^[125]. ..
"Golf" did not originate as an acronym of "Gentlemen Only , Ladies Forbidden". ^[126]. The word's true origin is unknown , but it existed in the MIDDLE SCOTS period. ^[127]. ^[128]. ..
The word "GRINGO" did not originate during the MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR (1846–1848) , the VENEZUELAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1811–1823) , the MEXICAN REVOLUTION (1910–1920) , or in the AMERICAN OLD WEST ( 1865–1899) as a corruption of the lyrics "green grow" in either "GREEN GROW THE LILACS" or "GREEN GROW THE RUSHES , O" sung by US-AMERICAN SOLDIERS or COWBOYS ; ^[129]. nor did it originate during any of these times as a corruption of "Green go home!" , falsely said to have been shouted at green-clad American troops. ^[130]. The word originally simply meant "foreigner" , and is probably a corruption of Spanish (( griego )) , "Greek". ^[131]. ..

Fitxer:PostcardIbringYouAmerryXmas1910.jpg .3. thumb .3. right .3. 150px .3. "Xmas" used on a Christmas postcard (1910) ..

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" 420" did not originate as the Los Angeles POLICE or PENAL CODE for MARIJUANA use. ^[132]. Police Code 420 is "juvenile disturbance" , ^[133]. and Penal Code 420 defines the prevention , hindrance , or obstruction of legal "entry , settlement , or residence" on "any tract of public land" as a misdemeanor. ^[134]. The use of "420" started in 1971 at SAN RAFAEL HIGH SCHOOL , where it indicated the time 4:20&nbsp ;pm , when a group of students would go to smoke under the statue of LOUIS PASTEUR. ^[132]. Some police codes that do relate to illegal drugs include 10–50 ("under influence of drugs") , 966 ("drug deal") , 11300 ("narcotics") , and 23105 ("driver under narcotics"). ^[135]. ^[136]. ..

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Despite being commonly believed today , people during the Old and Middle English speaking periods never pronounced or spelled "the" as "ye". ^[137]. The confusion derives from the use of the character THORN (þ) in abbreviations of the word "the" , which in Middle English text ( Fitxer:Me ye.png) looked similar to a y with a superscript e. ^[138]. ^[139]. ..

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"XMAS" is not a secular plan to "take the Christ out of Christmas." "The usual suggestion is that 'Xmas' is&nbsp ;... an attempt by the ungodly to x-out Jesus and banish religion from the holiday." ^[140]. However , X stands for the Greek letter CHI , the starting letter of (( Χριστός )) , or "Christ" in Greek. ^[141]. The use of the word "Xmas" can be traced to the year 1021 when "monks in Great Britain...used the X while transcribing classical manuscripts into Old English" in place of "Christ". ^[140]. The (( OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY )) 's "first recorded use of 'Xmas' for 'Christmas' dates back to 1551." ^[142]. Paul Brians adds , "so few people know this that it is probably better not to use this popular abbreviation in religious contexts." ^[143]. ..

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(==) Science (==) .. Plantilla:See also .3. Tornado myths .3. List of misconceptions about illegal drugs ..

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(===) Astronomy (===) .. [[File:Great Wall of China , Satellite image.jpeg .3. thumb .3. 300px .3. A satellite image of a section of the GREAT WALL OF CHINA , running diagonally from lower left to upper right (not to be confused with the much more prominent river running from upper left to lower right). The region pictured is 12&nbsp ;×&nbsp ;12&nbsp ;km (7.5&nbsp ;×&nbsp ;7.5 miles).]] ..

It is commonly claimed that the GREAT WALL OF CHINA is the only human-made object visible from the Moon. This is false. None of the APOLLO astronauts reported seeing (( any )) specific human-made object from the Moon , and even Earth-orbiting astronauts can barely see it. City lights , however , are easily visible on the night side of Earth from orbit. ^[144]. The misconception is believed to have been popularized by RICHARD HALLIBURTON decades before the first moon landing. Shuttle astronaut JAY APT has been quoted as saying that "the Great Wall is almost invisible from only 180 miles up." ^[145]. (See MAN-MADE STRUCTURES VISIBLE FROM SPACE.) ..
BLACK HOLES , contrary to their common image , do not necessarily suck up all the matter in the vicinity. ^[146]. If , for example , the Sun was replaced by a black hole of equal mass , the orbits of the planets would be essentially unaffected. ^[147]. ..
Seasons are not caused by the EARTH being closer to the SUN in the summer than in the winter. In fact , the Earth is farthest from the Sun when it is summer in the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. Seasons are caused by Earth's 23.4-degree AXIAL TILT. As the EARTH ORBITS THE SUN , different parts of the world receive different amounts of direct sunlight. When an area of the Earth's surface is oriented perpendicular to the incoming sunlight , it receives more radiation than when it is oriented at an oblique angle. In July , the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun resulting in longer days and more direct sunlight ; in January , it is tilted away. The seasons are reversed in the SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE , which is tilted towards the Sun in January and away from the Sun in July. ^[148]. ^[149]. Plantilla:Further .3. Effect of sun angle on climate ..
METEORITES are not necessarily hot when they reach the Earth. In fact , many meteorites are found with frost on them. As they enter the atmosphere , having been warmed only by the sun , meteors have a temperature below freezing. Frictional heating then melts a meteor's outside layer , but molten material is blown off and the interior does not have time to warm appreciably. ^[150]. ..

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(===) Biology (===) .. Plantilla:See also .3. Common misunderstandings of genetics ..

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(====) Vertebrates (====) .. Fitxer:Ad2009Aug08 Bombus pratorum.jpg .3. thumb .3. (( BOMBUS PRATORUM )) over an (( ECHINACEA PURPUREA )) inflorescence ; a widespread misconception holds that bumblebees should be incapable of flight. ..

It is a misconception that older elephants , sensing when they are near death , leave their herd and instinctively direct themselves toward a specific location known as an ELEPHANTS' GRAVEYARD to die. ^[151]. ..
Bulls are not enraged by the color red , used in capes by professional MATADORS. Cattle are DICHROMATS , so red does not stand out as a bright color. It is not the color of the cape , but the perceived threat by the matador that incites it to charge. ^[152]. ^[153]. ^[154]. ..
Contrary to popular belief , dogs do not sweat by SALIVATING. ^[155]. It is not true that dogs do not have SWEAT GLANDS or have sweat glands only on their tongues. They do sweat , mainly through the footpads. However , dogs do primarily regulate their body temperature through panting. ^[156]. See also (( DOG ANATOMY#TEMPERATURE REGULATION .3. DOG ANATOMY )) . ..
LEMMINGS do not engage in mass suicidal dives off cliffs when migrating. They will , however , occasionally unintentionally fall off cliffs when venturing into unknown territory , with no knowledge of the boundaries of the environment. This misconception was popularized by the DISNEY film (( WHITE WILDERNESS )) , which shot many of the migration scenes (also staged by using multiple shots of different groups of lemmings) on a large , snow-covered turntable in a studio. Photographers later pushed the lemmings off a cliff. ^[157]. The misconception itself is much older , dating back to at least the late nineteenth century. ^[158]. ..
BATS are not blind. While many (most) bat species use ECHOLOCATION as a primary sense , all bat species have eyes and are capable of sight. Furthermore , not all bats can echolocate and these bats have excellent night vision (see MEGABAT , vs. MICROBAT). ^[159]. ^[160]. ^[161]. ..
OSTRICHES do not hide their heads in the sand to hide from enemies. ^[162]. This misconception was probably promulgated by PLINY THE ELDER (Ad 23–79) , who wrote that ostriches "imagine , when they have thrust their head and neck into a bush , that the whole of their body is concealed." ^[163]. ..
It is not harmful to baby birds to pick them up and return them to their nests , despite the common belief that doing so will cause the mother to reject them. ^[164]. Some birds have limited sense of smell , and many species primarily rely on visual cues. It is however still best to leave a baby bird alone , as the parents will usually be close by. ^[165]. ..
The claim ^[166]. that a DUCK's quack does not ECHO is false , although the echo may be difficult to hear for humans under some circumstances. ^[167]. ..
The notion that GOLDFISH have a memory span of just a few seconds is false. ^[168]. ^[169]. ^[170]. ..
A common misconception about CHAMELEONS and ANOLES is that they change color primarily for CAMOUFLAGE. In reality , they usually change color to regulate temperature or as a form of communication. ^[171]. Some species , such as the SMITH'S DWARF CHAMELEON , do use color change as an effective form of camouflage. ^[172]. ..
SHARKS can actually suffer from cancer. The misconception that sharks do not get cancer was spread by the 1992 book (( Sharks Don't Get Cancer )) by I. William Lane and used to sell extracts of shark CARTILAGE as cancer prevention treatments. Reports of CARCINOMAS in sharks exist , and current data do not allow any speculation about the incidence of tumors in sharks. ^[173]. ..

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(====) Invertebrates (====) ..

It is a common misconception that an EARTHWORM becomes two worms when cut in half. However , only a limited number of earthworm species ^[174]. are capable of anterior EARTHWORM#REGENERATION .3. REGENERATION. When such earthworms are bisected , only the front half of the worm (where the mouth is located) can feed and survive , while the other half dies. ^[175]. Species of the PLANARIA family of FLATWORMS actually (( do )) become two new planaria when bisected or split down the middle. ^[176]. ..
HOUSEFLIES do not have an average lifespan of 24 hours. The average lifespan of a housefly is 20 to 30 days. ^[177]. However , a housefly maggot will hatch within 24 hours of being laid. ^[178]. ..
According to URBAN LEGEND , the daddy longlegs spider (((( PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES )))) is the most VENOMOUS spider in the world , but the shape of their mandibles leaves them unable to bite humans , rendering them harmless to our species. In reality , they can indeed pierce human skin , though the tiny amount of venom they carry causes only a mild burning sensation for a few seconds. ^[179]. In addition , there is also confusion regarding the use of the name (( daddy longlegs )) , because harvestmen (order (( OPILIONES )) , which are ARACHNIDS , but not spiders) and CRANE FLIES (which are insects) are also known as (( daddy longlegs )) , and share the misconception of being venomous. ^[180]. ^[181]. ..
The flight mechanism and aerodynamics of the BUMBLEBEE (as well as other insects) are actually INSECT FLIGHT#BASIC AERODYNAMICS .3. QUITE WELL UNDERSTOOD , in spite of the urban legend that calculations show BUMBLEBEE#MISCONCEPTIONS .3. THAT THEY SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO FLY. In the 1930s , the French entomologist Antoine Magnan , using flawed techniques , indeed postulated that bumblebees theoretically should not be able to fly in his book (( Le Vol des Insectes )) (((( The Flight of Insects )))) . ^[182]. ^[183]. Magnan later realized his error and retracted the suggestion. However , the hypothesis became generalized to the false notion that "scientists think that bumblebees should not be able to fly". ..

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(====) Plants (====) .. Fitxer:Musa paradisiaca Blanco1.88-cropped.jpg .3. thumb .3. right .3. The "banana tree" is actually a large herb , without WOODY TISSUE. .. Fitxer:Helianthus annuus sunflower.jpg .3. thumbnail .3. left .3. Sunflowers and a sun spot. ..

EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA#RUMOURED TOXICITY .3. POINSETTIAS are not highly TOXIC to humans or cats. While it is true that they are mildly irritating to the skin or stomach , ^[184]. and may sometimes cause DIARRHEA and vomiting if eaten , ^[185]. an (( AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE )) study of 22 ,793 cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers showed no fatalities and few cases requiring medical treatment. ^[186]. According to the Aspca , poinsettias may cause light to mid-range gastrointestinal discomfort in felines , with diarrhea and vomiting as the most severe consequences of ingestion. ^[187]. ..
BANANAS do not grow on trees ; despite its size the "banana tree" is in fact a flowering herb. ^[188]. ^[189]. ^[190]. The misconception arises because of the shape of the plant , which resembles a tree with an apparent trunk and branches. However the botanical definition of a tree requires the "trunk" to contain true woody tissue , while banana "trees" are supported by a PSEUDOSTEM made of the rolled bases of leaves. ^[191]. ..
SUNFLOWERS SUNFLOWER#HELIOTROPISM MISCONCEPTION .3. DO NOT TRACK THE SUN ACROSS THE SKY. ^[192]. The heads point in a fixed direction (East) all day long. ^[193]. However , the uniform alignment does result from HELIOTROPISM in an earlier development stage , the bud stage , before the appearance of flower heads. ..

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(====) Evolution (====) .. Plantilla:Further .3. Introduction to evolution .3. Objections to evolution ..

The word (( THEORY )) in (( the theory of evolution )) does not imply mainstream scientific doubt regarding its validity ; the concepts of (( theory )) and (( hypothesis )) have specific meanings in a scientific context. While (( theory )) in colloquial usage may denote a hunch or conjecture , a (( SCIENTIFIC THEORY )) is a set of principles that explains (( observable phenomena )) in NATURAL terms. ^[194]. ^[195]. "Scientific fact and theory are not categorically separable ," ^[196]. and evolution is a theory in the same sense as GERM THEORY or the theory of GRAVITATION. ^[197]. ..

Fitxer:Aegyptopithecus Nt.jpg .3. thumb .3. A reconstruction of (( AEGYPTOPITHECUS )) , a primate predating the split between the human and OLD WORLD MONKEY lineages in HUMAN EVOLUTION ..

Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life ^[198]. or the origin and development of the universe. While biological evolution describes the process by which SPECIES and other levels of biological organisation originate , and ultimately leads all life forms back to a UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR , it is not primarily concerned with the origin of life itself , ^[199]. and does not pertain at all to the origin and EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE and its components. The theory of evolution deals primarily with changes in successive generations over time after life has already originated. ^[200]. The scientific model concerned with the origin of the first organisms from organic or inorganic molecules is known as ABIOGENESIS , and the prevailing theory for explaining the early development of our universe is the BIG BANG model. ..
Humans did not evolve from CHIMPANZEES. The two modern chimpanzee species are , however , humans' closest living relatives. The MOST RECENT COMMON ANCESTOR of humans and chimpanzees lived between 5 and 8 million years ago. ^[201]. Finds of the 4.4 million year old (( ARDIPITHECUS )) indicate the ancestor looked like a small , long limbed chimpanzee with a rather short snout and was a moderately competent bipedal walker. Contrary to the idea of chimpanzees as "PRIMITIVE" , they too have evolved since the split , becoming larger , more aggressive and more capable climbers. ^[202]. Together with the other apes , humans and chimpanzees constitute the family HOMINIDAE. This group evolved from a common ancestor with the OLD WORLD MONKEYS some 40 million years ago. ^[203]. ^[204]. ..
Evolution is not a progression from inferior to superior organisms , and it also does not necessarily result in an INCREASE IN COMPLEXITY. A population can evolve to become simpler , having a smaller GENOME , but biological (( DEVOLUTION )) is a MISNOMER. ^[205]. ^[206]. ..
According to the CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES , only 59 % of U.S. adults know humans and (non-AVIAN) DINOSAURS did not coexist. ^[207]. The last of the non-AVIAN dinosaurs died 65.5 million years ago , after the CRETACEOUS–PALEOGENE EXTINCTION EVENT , whereas the earliest (( HOMO )) genus (humans) evolved between 2.3 and 2.4 million years ago. This places a 63 million year expanse of time between the last non-bird dinosaurs and the earliest humans. ..
Evolution does not violate the SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. A common argument against evolution is that entropy , according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics , increases over time , and thus evolution could not produce increased COMPLEXITY. However , the law does not refer to complexity and only applies to closed systems , ^[208]. which the Earth is not , as it absorbs and radiates the Sun's energy. ^[209]. Plantilla:See also .3. Entropy and life ..

Fitxer:Palais de la Decouverte Tyrannosaurus rex p1050042.jpg .3. thumb .3. left .3. 240px .3. (( TYRANNOSAURUS REX )) . Non-AVIAN DINOSAURS died out in the CRETACEOUS–PALEOGENE EXTINCTION EVENT at the end of the CRETACEOUS period. ..

Evolution does not "plan" to improve an organism's fitness to survive. ^[210]. ^[211]. For example , an incorrect way to describe giraffe evolution is to say that giraffe necks grew longer over time because they needed to reach tall trees. Evolution doesn't see a need and respond , it is instead a goalless process. A mutation resulting in longer necks would be more likely to benefit an animal in an area with tall trees than an area with short trees , and thus enhance the chance of the animal surviving to pass on its longer-necked genes. Tall trees could not cause the mutation nor would they cause a higher percentage of animals to be born with longer necks. ^[212]. In the giraffe example , the evolution of a long neck may equally well have been driven by SEXUAL SELECTION , proposing that the long necks evolved as a secondary SEXUAL CHARACTERISTIC , giving males an advantage in "necking" contests over females. ^[213]. ..
DINOSAURS did not go extinct due to being maladapted or unable to cope with change , a view found in many older textbooks. In fact , dinosaurs comprised an adaptive and successful group , whose demise was brought about by an extraordinary event that also extinguished many groups of plants , mammals and marine life. ^[214]. The most commonly cited cause is that of an ASTEROID IMPACT on the YUCATÁN PENINSULA , triggering the CRETACEOUS–PALEOGENE EXTINCTION EVENT. ^[215]. Also , not all dinosaurs went extinct. Birds evolved from small feathered THEROPODS in the JURASSIC , and while most dinosaur lineages were cut short at the end of the CRETACEOUS , some birds survived. Consequently , dinosaur descendants are part of the modern fauna. ^[216]. ..
MAMMALS did not evolve from any modern group of REPTILES. Soon after the first reptiles appeared , they split into two branches , the SAUROPSIDS and the SYNAPSIDS. ^[217]. The line leading to mammals diverged from the line leading to modern reptilian lines (the sauropsids) about 320 million years ago , in the mid CARBONIFEROUS period. Only later (in the late Carboniferous or early Permian) did the modern reptilian groups (LEPIDOSAURS , turtles and CROCODILES) diverge. The mammals themselves , being the only survivors of the synapsid line , are the "cousins" rather than "siblings" of modern reptiles. ^[218]. ..

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(===) Material science (===) ..

GLASS is not a high-VISCOSITY LIQUID at ROOM TEMPERATURE but an "AMORPHOUS SOLID" that only begins to flow above the GLASS TRANSITION temperature , ^[219]. though the exact nature of the glass transition is not considered settled among theorists and scientists. ^[220]. Panes of STAINED GLASS windows are often thicker at the bottom than at the top , and this has been cited as an example of the slow flow of glass over centuries. However , this unevenness is due to the window manufacturing processes used at the time. Normally the thick end of glass would be installed at the bottom of the frame , but it is also common to find old windows where the thicker end has been installed to the sides or the top. ^[219]. ^[220]. One researcher estimated in 1998 that for glass to actually "flow" at room temperatures would take many times the age of the earth. ^[219]. ^[220]. ^[221]. ..
Most DIAMONDS are not formed from highly-compressed coal. Most diamonds that have been dated are older than the first land plants , and are therefore older than coal. The conditions of extreme heat and pressure required to create diamonds exist many miles below the earth's surface , while coal is usually present much closer to the surface and it's unlikely that coal would migrate far enough through common geological processes to be made into diamonds. Diamonds can also be formed in subduction zones , and by meteor strikes. It's more likely for coal to be a source of carbon with these two methods. ^[222]. ..

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(===) Human body and health (===) ..

Waking SLEEPWALKERS does not harm them. While it is true that a person may be confused or disoriented for a short time after awakening , this does not cause them further harm. In contrast , sleepwalkers may injure themselves if they trip over objects or lose their balance while sleepwalking. Such injuries are common among sleepwalkers. ^[223]. ^[224]. ..
In SOUTH KOREA , it is commonly believed that sleeping in a closed room with an ELECTRIC FAN running can be fatal. According to the Korean government , "In some cases , a fan turned on too long can cause death from SUFFOCATION , HYPOTHERMIA , or fire from overheating." The Korea Consumer Protection Board issued a consumer safety alert recommending that electric fans be set on timers , direction changed and doors left open. Belief in FAN DEATH is common even among knowledgeable medical professionals in Korea. According to Yeon Dong-su , dean of Kwandong University's medical school , "If it is completely sealed , then in the current of an electric fan , the temperature can drop low enough to cause a person to die of hypothermia." ^[225]. Although an AIR CONDITIONER transfers heat from the air and cools it , a fan moves air to increase the EVAPORATION OF SWEAT. Due to ENERGY LOSSES and VISCOUS DISSIPATION , a fan will slowly heat a room. ..
Although it is commonly believed that most body heat is lost through a person's head , heat loss through the head is not more significant than other parts of the body when naked. ^[226]. ^[227]. This may be a generalization of situations in which it is true , such as when the head is the only uncovered part of the body , or in infants , where the head is a significant fraction of body mass. Multiple studies have shown that for uncovered infants , lined hats significantly reduce heat loss and thermal stress. ^[228]. ^[229]. ^[230]. ..
Eating less than an hour before swimming does not increase the risk of experiencing muscle CRAMPS or drowning. One study shows a correlation between alcohol consumption and drowning , but there is no evidence cited regarding stomach cramps or the consumption of food. ^[231]. ..
DROWNING is often thought to be a violent struggle , where the victim waves and calls for help. ^[232]. In truth , drowning is often inconspicuous to onlookers. Raising the arms and vocalising are even usually impossible due to the INSTINCTIVE DROWNING RESPONSE. ^[232]. Waving and yelling (known as "aquatic distress") is a sign of trouble , but not a dependable one: most victims demonstrating the instinctive drowning response do not show prior evidence of distress. ^[233]. ..
It is a common misconception that HYDROGEN PEROXIDE is a DISINFECTANT or ANTISEPTIC for treating wounds. ^[234]. ^[235]. While it is an effective cleaning agent , hydrogen peroxide is not an effective agent for reducing BACTERIAL INFECTION of wounds. Furthermore , hydrogen peroxide applied to wounds can impede HEALING and lead to SCARRING because it destroys newly formed SKIN CELLS. ^[236]. ..
The CADUCEUS , a symbol featuring two snakes around a staff , is often MISTAKENLY USED AS A SYMBOL OF MEDICINE instead of the ROD OF ASCLEPIUS , which features a single snake around a staff. This error was popularised largely because of its adoption in the insignia of the US ARMY MEDICAL CORPS at the insistence of an officer. ^[237]. ^[238]. ..
Human blood in VEINS is not blue. In fact , blood is always red due to HEMOGLOBIN. Deoxygenated blood has a deep red color , and oxygenated blood has a light cherry-red color. The misconception probably arises for two reasons: 1) From the way diagrams use colors to show the difference between veins (usually shown in blue) and ARTERIES (usually shown in red). 2) Veins below the skin appear blue. This is due to a variety of reasons only weakly dependent on the color of the blood , including LIGHT SCATTERING through the skin , and human color perception. ^[239]. ^[240]. ^[241]. ..

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(====) Senses (====) .. Fitxer:Taste buds.svg .3. thumb .3. 100px .3. An incorrect MAP OF THE TONGUE showing zones which taste BITTER (TASTE) ..

All different TASTES can be detected on all parts of the TONGUE by TASTE BUDS , ^[242]. with slightly increased sensitivities in different locations depending on the person , contrary to the popular belief that specific tastes only correspond to specific mapped sites on the tongue. ^[243]. The original TONGUE MAP was based on a mistranslation of a 1901 German thesis ^[244]. by EDWIN BORING. In addition , there are not 4 but 5 primary tastes. In addition to BITTER (TASTE)#BITTER .3. BITTER , SOUR#SOUR .3. SOUR , TASTE#SALTY .3. SALTY , and SWEET , humans have taste receptors for UMAMI , which is a savory or meaty taste. ^[245]. ^[246]. ^[247]. ..
Humans have more than five SENSES. Although definitions vary , the actual number ranges from 9 to more than 20. In addition to SIGHT , SMELL , TASTE , TOUCH , and HEARING , which were the senses identified by ARISTOTLE , humans can sense balance and acceleration (EQUILIBRIOCEPTION) , pain (NOCICEPTION) , body and limb position (PROPRIOCEPTION or kinesthetic sense) , and relative temperature (THERMOCEPTION). ^[248]. Other senses sometimes identified are the sense of time , itching , pressure , hunger , thirst , fullness of the stomach , need to urinate , need to defecate , and blood CARBON DIOXIDE levels. ^[249]. ^[250]. ..

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(====) Skin and hair (====) ..

Shaving does not cause TERMINAL HAIR to grow back thicker or coarser or darker. This belief is due to hair which has never been cut having a tapered end , whereas after cutting there is no taper ; the cut hair appears to be thicker , and feels coarser due to the sharper , unworn edges. The shorter hairs being "harder" (less flexible) than longer hairs also contributes to this effect. ^[251]. ^[252]. ^[253]. ^[254]. ..
Hair and fingernails do not continue to grow after a person dies. Rather , the skin dries and shrinks away from the bases of hairs and nails , giving the appearance of growth. ^[255]. ..
Hair care products cannot actually "repair" SPLIT ENDS and damaged hair. They can prevent damage from occurring in the first place , and they can also smooth down the cuticle in a glue-like fashion so that it appears repaired , and generally make hair appear in better condition. ^[256]. ..
The RED HAIR#EXTINCTION HOAX .3. REDHEAD GENE IS NOT BECOMING EXTINCT. In August 2007 , many news organizations reported that redheads would become extinct , possibly as early as 2060 , due to THE GENE FOR RED HAIR being RECESSIVE. Although redheads may become more rare (for example , mixed marriages where one parent is from a group without the redhead gene will result in no children , but some grandchildren , with red hair) , they will not die out unless everyone who carries the gene dies or fails to reproduce. ^[257]. This misconception has been around since at least 1865 , and often resurfaces in American newspapers. ^[258]. (See also DISAPPEARING BLONDE GENE.) ..

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(====) Nutrition , food , and drink (====) ..

Eight glasses or two to three litres of water a day are not needed to maintain health. ^[259]. ^[260]. ^[261]. ^[262]. The amount of water needed varies by person (weight) , activity level , clothing , and environment (heat and humidity). Moreover , consuming things that contain water , such as juice , tea , milk , fruits , and vegetables , also keeps a person hydrated , and can supply more than half of the needed water. ^[260]. ..
Drinking normal levels of caffeinated beverages does not cause a net dehydration effect. ^[263]. The mild diuretic effect of caffeine is offset by the large amount of water in the caffeinated beverage. ^[264]. ..
There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth. ^[265]. ..
SUGAR does not cause HYPERACTIVITY#SUGAR CONSUMPTION .3. HYPERACTIVITY in children. ^[266]. ^[267]. DOUBLE-BLIND TRIALS have shown no difference in behavior between children given sugar-full or sugar-free diets , even in studies specifically looking at children with ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER or those considered sensitive to sugar. ^[268]. ..
Alcohol does not make one warmer. ^[269]. ^[270]. ^[271]. The reason that alcoholic drinks create the sensation of warmth is that they cause blood vessels to dilate and stimulate nerve endings near the surface of the skin with an influx of warm blood. This can actually result in making the core body temperature lower , as it allows for easier heat exchange with a cold external environment. ^[272]. ..
Alcohol does not necessarily kill brain cells. ^[273]. Alcohol can , however , lead (( indirectly )) to the death of brain cells in two ways: (1) In chronic , heavy alcohol users whose brains have adapted to the effects of alcohol , abrupt cessation following heavy use can cause EXCITOTOXICITY leading to cellular death in multiple areas of the brain. ^[274]. (2) In alcoholics who get most of their daily calories from alcohol , a deficiency of THIAMINE can produce KORSAKOFF'S SYNDROME , which is associated with serious brain damage. ^[275]. ..
A vegetarian or VEGAN diet can provide enough protein. ^[276]. ^[277]. ^[278]. In fact , typical protein intakes of OVO-LACTO VEGETARIANS and of VEGANS meet and exceed requirements. ^[279]. However , a strict vegan diet does require SUPPLEMENTATION of VITAMIN B-12 for optimal health. ^[276]. ..
Swallowed CHEWING GUM does not take seven years to digest. In fact , chewing gum is mostly indigestible , and passes through the digestive system at the same rate as other matter. ^[280]. ..

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(====) Human sexuality (====) ..

A popular misconception regarding HUMAN SEXUALITY is that men think about sex every seven seconds. In reality , this has not been measured , and as far as researchers can tell , this statistic greatly exaggerates the frequency of sexual thoughts. ^[281]. ^[282]. ^[283]. ..
There is no physiological basis for the belief that having sex in the days leading up to a sporting event or contest is detrimental to performance. ^[284]. Additionally , it has been demonstrated that sex during the 24 hours prior to sports activity can elevate the levels of TESTOSTERONE in males , which potentially could enhance their performance. ^[285]. ..

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(====) Brain (====) .. Fitxer:Gyrus Dentatus 40x.jpg .3. thumb .3. left .3. Golgi-stained NEURONS in human hippocampal tissue. It is commonly believed that humans will not grow new brain cells , but research has shown that some neurons can reform in humans. ..

Mental abilities are not absolutely separated into the left and right CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES of the brain. ^[286]. Some mental functions such as SPEECH and LANGUAGE (e.g. BROCA'S AREA , WERNICKE'S AREA) tend to activate ONE HEMISPHERE OF THE BRAIN MORE THAN THE OTHER , in some kinds of tasks. If one hemisphere is damaged at an early age , these functions can often be recovered in part or even in full by the other hemisphere (see NEUROPLASTICITY). Other abilities such as MOTOR CONTROL , memory , and general reasoning are served equally by the two hemispheres. ^[287]. ..
Until recently , medical experts believed that humans were born with all of the brain cells they would ever have. ^[288]. We now know that new NEURONS can be created in the POSTNATAL brain. Researchers have observed adult neurogenesis in AVIANS , ^[289]. OLD WORLD PRIMATES , ^[290]. and humans. ^[291]. Adults of these species retain multipotent (see CELL POTENCY) neural stem cells in the SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE of the LATERAL VENTRICLES and SUBGRANULAR ZONE of the DENTATE GYRUS. ^[292]. ^[293]. The newborn neurons generated in these areas migrate to the OLFACTORY BULB and the DENTATE GYRUS , respectively , and are believed to integrate into existing neural circuits. The function and physiological significance of adult-born neurons remains unclear. Some studies have suggested that post-natal neurogenesis also occurs in the NEOCORTEX , ^[294]. ^[295]. ^[296]. an idea that is disputed. ^[297]. ..
VACCINES do not cause AUTISM or AUTISM SPECTRUM disorders. Although FRAUDULENT RESEARCH by ANDREW WAKEFIELD claimed a connection , repeated attempts to REPRODUCE the results ended in failure , and the research was ultimately shown to have been manipulated. ^[298]. ..
People do not use ONLY TEN PERCENT OF THEIR BRAINS. While it is true that a small minority of neurons in the brain are actively firing at any one time , the inactive neurons are important too. ^[299]. ^[300]. This misconception has been commonplace in American culture at least as far back as the start of the 20th century , and was attributed to WILLIAM JAMES , who apparently used the expression metaphorically. ^[301]. Some findings of brain science (such as the high ratio of GLIAL CELLS to NEURONS) have been mistakenly read as providing support for the misconception. ^[301]. ..

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(====) Disease (====) .. Plantilla:See also .3. Misconceptions about Hiv and Aids ..

Drinking milk or consuming other DAIRY PRODUCTS does not increase MUCUS production. ^[302]. ^[303]. As a result , they do not need to be avoided by those suffering from flu or cold CONGESTION. ..
WARTS on human skin are caused by viruses that are unique to humans (HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS). Humans cannot catch warts from TOADS or other animals ; the bumps on a toad are not warts. ^[304]. ..
Neither CRACKING ONE'S KNUCKLES , nor exercising while in good health , cause OSTEOARTHRITIS. ^[305]. ^[306]. ..
Eating nuts , popcorn , or seeds does not increase the risk of DIVERTICULITIS. ^[307]. These foods may actually have a protective effect. ^[308]. ..
The TRENDELENBURG POSITION (lying on the back with the feet elevated) for treating HYPOTENSION or SHOCK is not supported by evidence and may in fact be harmful. ^[309]. ..
Stress plays a relatively minor role in HYPERTENSION contrary to common belief. ^[310]. Specific relaxation therapies are not supported by the evidence. ^[311]. ..
In those with the COMMON COLD the color of the SPUTUM or nasal secretion may vary from clear to yellow to green and does not predict the class of agent causing the infection. ^[312]. ^[313]. ..

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(===) Mathematics (===) ..

When a sequence of INDEPENDENT trials of a RANDOM PROCESS is observed to contain a remarkably long run in which some possible outcome did not occur (for example , when a ROULETTE ball ended up on black 26 times in a row , and not even once on red , as reportedly happened on August 18 , 1913 , in the MONTE CARLO CASINO ^[314]. ) , the underrepresented outcome is often believed then to be more likely for the next trial: it is thought to be "due". ^[315]. ^[316]. ^[317]. This misconception is known as the GAMBLER'S FALLACY ; in reality , by the definition of statistical independence , that outcome is just as likely or unlikely on the next trial as always—a property sometimes informally described by the phrase , "the system has no memory". If the event is physically determined , and not perfectly random , the repeated outcome may be (( more )) likely. For example , a die that has rolled ten consecutive 6s may be loaded or controlled by hidden magnets , and would be more likely to roll another 6. ..

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(===) Physics (===) .. Fitxer:Equal transit-time Nasa wrong1.gif .3. thumb .3. right .3. An illustration of the (incorrect) equal-transit-time explanation of airfoil lift. ..

The BIG BANG THEORY does not provide an explanation for the ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE ; rather , it explains its early evolution. ^[318]. ..
The CORIOLIS EFFECT does not determine the direction that water rotates in a bathtub drain or a flushing toilet. ^[319]. The Coriolis effect induced by the Earth's daily rotation is too small to affect the direction of water in a typical bathtub drain. The effect becomes significant and noticeable only at large scales , such as in weather systems or oceanic currents. Other forces dominate the dynamics of water in drains. ^[320]. ..
GYROSCOPIC FORCES are not required for a rider to BICYCLE AND MOTORCYCLE DYNAMICS#OTHER HYPOTHESES .3. BALANCE a bicycle. ^[321]. ^[322]. Although gyroscopic forces are a factor , the stability of a bicycle is determined primarily by inertia , ^[322]. steering geometry , and the rider's ability to counteract tilting by steering. ..
It is not true that air takes the same time to travel above and below an aircraft's wing/AIRFOIL#EQUAL TRANSIT TIME MYTH .3. AIRFOIL. ^[323]. This misconception is widespread among textbooks and non-technical reference books , and even appears in pilot training materials. In fact the air moving over the top of an airfoil generating lift is always moving much faster than the equal transit theory would imply , ^[323]. as described in the INCORRECT and LIFT (FORCE)#DESCRIPTION OF LIFT ON AN AIRFOIL .3. CORRECT EXPLANATIONS of lift force. ..
Blowing over a curved piece of paper does not demonstrate BERNOULLI'S_PRINCIPLE#MISAPPLICATIONS_OF_BERNOULLI.27S_PRINCIPLE_IN_COMMON_CLASSROOM_DEMONSTRATIONS .3. BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE. Although a common classroom experiment is often explained this way , ^[324]. ^[325]. ^[326]. it is false to make a connection between the flow on the two sides of the paper using Bernoulli’s equation since the air above and below are different flow fields and Bernoulli's principle only applies within a flow field. ^[327]. ^[328]. ^[329]. ^[330]. ^[331]. ^[332]. ^[333]. ^[334]. The paper rises because the air follows the curve of the paper and a curved streamline will develop pressure differences perpendicular to the airflow. ^[335]. ^[336]. ^[337]. ^[338]. Bernoulli's principle predicts that the decrease in pressure is associated with an increase in speed , i.e. that as the air passes over the paper it speeds up and moves faster than it was moving when it left the demonstrator's mouth. But this is not apparent from the demonstration. ^[339]. ^[340]. ^[341]. ..
The idea that LIGHTNING never strikes the same place twice is one of the oldest and most well-known SUPERSTITIONS about lightning. There is no reason that lightning would not be able to strike the same place twice ; if there is a thunderstorm in a given area , then objects and places which are more prominent or conductive (and therefore minimize distance) are more likely to be struck. For instance , lightning strikes the EMPIRE STATE BUILDING in New York City about 100 times per year. ^[342]. ^[343]. ..
A PENNY dropped from the EMPIRE STATE BUILDING will not kill a person or crack the sidewalk. ^[344]. The TERMINAL VELOCITY of a falling penny is about 30–50 miles per hour , and the penny will not exceed that speed regardless of the height from which it is dropped. At that speed , its energy is not enough to penetrate a human skull or crack concrete , as demonstrated on MYTHBUSTERS (2003 SEASON)#PENNY DROP .3. AN EPISODE OF (( MYTHBUSTERS )) . As MythBusters noted , the Empire State Building is a particularly poor setting for this misconception , since its tapered shape would make it impossible to drop anything directly from the top to street level. ..
During a cold season , decreasing the temperature setting on a home's PROGRAMMABLE THERMOSTAT at night or when the home is empty will not consume more energy than maintaining a steady temperature ^[345]. . A common myth alleges that the home's furnace has to "work harder" to reheat the home to a comfortable temperature , counteracting or even exceeding the energy saved while the temperature was lowered. Instead , this practice can result in energy savings of five to fifteen percent ^[346]. . This is due to the fact that the HEAT LOST by a warm structure in a cold environment is proportional to the heat difference between the inside and outside of the structure. ..

..

(===) Psychology (===) ..

Photographic or EIDETIC MEMORY is the ability to remember images with high precision—so high as to mimic a camera. However , it is highly unlikely that photographic memory exists , as to date there is no hard scientific evidence that anyone has ever had it. ^[347]. Many people have claimed to have a photographic memory , but those people have been shown to have good memories as a result of MNEMONIC DEVICES rather than a natural capacity for detailed memory encoding. ^[348]. There are rare cases of individuals with EXCEPTIONAL MEMORY , but none of them has a memory that mimics a camera. In recent years , a phenomenon labeled HYPERTHYMESIA has been studied , where the individual has superior AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY—in some cases being able to recall every meal they have ever eaten. One example is actress MARILU HENNER. ^[349]. ..
SCHIZOPHRENIA is not the same thing as DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER , namely split or multiple personalities. ^[350]. Etymologically , the term "schizophrenia" comes from the Greek roots skhizein (σχίζειν , "to split") and phrēn , phren- (φρήν , φρεν- ; "mind") and is a wikt:juxtaposition .3. juxtaposition proposed by the Swiss psychiatrist EUGEN BLEULER , which may have given rise to this common misconception. ..

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(==) Sports (==) .. [[File:Marcos black belt.jpg .3. thumb .3. upright .3. MARCOS TORREGROSA wearing a black belt with a red bar. In some martial arts , such as BRAZILIAN JIU JITSU and JUDO , red belts indicate a higher rank than black. In some cases , a solid red belt is reserved for the founder of the art , and in others , higher degrees of black belts are shown by red stripes.]] ..

ABNER DOUBLEDAY did not invent baseball. ^[351]. ^[352]. (See ORIGINS OF BASEBALL#ABNER DOUBLEDAY MYTH .3. ORIGINS OF BASEBALL.) ..
The BLACK BELT in martial arts does not necessarily indicate expert level or mastery. It was introduced for JUDO in the 1880s to indicate competency of all of the basic techniques of the sport. Promotion beyond black belt varies among different martial arts. In judo and some other Asian martial arts , holders of higher ranks are awarded belts with alternating red and white panels , and the highest ranks with solid red belts. ^[353]. ..

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(==) Religion (==) ..

..

(===) Hebrew Bible (===) ..

The FORBIDDEN FRUIT mentioned in the BOOK OF GENESIS is commonly assumed to be an apple , ^[354]. and is widely depicted as such in Western art. However , the Bible does not identify what type of fruit it is. The original Hebrew texts mention only (( tree )) and (( fruit )) . Early Latin translations use the word (( mali )) , which can be taken to mean both "evil" and "apple". German and French artists commonly depict the fruit as an apple from the 12th century onwards , and JOHN MILTON's (( AREOPAGITICA )) from 1644 explicitly mentions the fruit as an apple. ^[355]. Jewish scholars suggested that the fruit could have been a grape , a fig , wheat , or ETROG. ^[356]. ^[357]. ^[358]. ..

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(===) Buddhism (===) ..

The HISTORICAL BUDDHA was not obese. The "chubby Buddha" or "laughing Buddha" is a tenth century Chinese folk hero by the name of BUDAI. In Chinese Buddhist culture , Budai came to be revered as an INCARNATION of MAITREYA , the BODHISATTVA who will become a Buddha to restore Buddhism after the teachings of the historical Buddha , Siddhārtha Gautama , have passed away. ^[359]. ..
The Buddha is not a god. In early Buddhism , Siddhārtha Gautama possessed no salvific properties and strongly encouraged "self-reliance , self discipline and individual striving." ^[360]. However , in later developments of MAHĀYĀNA BUDDHISM , notably in the PURE LAND (JÌNGTǓ) school of Chinese Buddhism , the AMITĀBHA BUDDHA was thought to be a SAVIOR. Through faith in the Amitābha Buddha , one could be reborn in the WESTERN PURE LAND. Although in Pure Land Buddhism the Buddha is considered a savior , he is still not considered a god in the common understanding of the term. ^[361]. ..

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(===) Christianity (===) ..

There is no evidence that Jesus was born on December 25. ^[362]. The Bible never claims a date of December 25 , but may imply a date closer to September. ^[362]. The fixed date is attributed to POPE JULIUS THE FIRST because in the year 350 Ce he declared the twenty-fifth of December the official date of celebration. ^[363]. ^[364]. The date may have initially been chosen to correspond with either the day exactly nine months after Christians believe JESUS TO HAVE BEEN CONCEIVED , ^[365]. the date of the ROMAN WINTER SOLSTICE , ^[366]. or one of various ancient WINTER FESTIVALS. ^[365]. ^[367]. ..
Nowhere in the Bible does it say exactly three MAGI came to visit the baby Jesus , nor that they were kings , rode on camels , or that their names were Casper , Melchior and Balthazar. Matthew 2 has traditionally been combined with Isaiah 60:1–3. ..

{{ quote .3. Arise , shine , for your light has come , and the glory of the Lord has risen upon you. ²For behold , darkness shall cover the earth , and thick darkness the peoples ; but the Lord will arise upon you , and his glory will be seen upon you. ³And nations shall come to your light , and kings to the brightness of your rising.}} ..

Three magi are supposed because three gifts are described , and ARTISTIC DEPICTIONS OF THE NATIVITY after about the year 900 almost always depict three magi. ^[368]. The wise men in the biblical narrative did not visit on the day Jesus was born , but they saw Jesus as a child , in a house as many as two years afterwards (Plantilla:Bibleverse .3. Matthew .3. .3. 2:11). ^[369]. ^[370]. ..

The IMMACULATE CONCEPTION is not synonymous with the VIRGIN BIRTH OF JESUS , nor is it a supposed belief in the virgin birth of MARY , his mother. Rather , the Immaculate Conception is the Roman Catholic belief that Mary was not subject to ORIGINAL SIN from the first moment of her existence , when she was conceived. ^[371]. The concept of the virgin birth , on the other hand , is the belief that Mary miraculously conceived Jesus while remaining a virgin. ^[372]. ..
Roman Catholics do not believe the pope IMPECCABILITY#IMPECCABILITY AND THE POPE .3. IS SINLESS. ^[373]. ^[374]. ^[375]. Catholic DOGMA does state that a dogmatic teaching contained in DIVINE REVELATION that is PROMULGATED by the pope is free from error ; but this does not mean that the pope or everything he says is free from error , even when speaking in his official capacity (see PAPAL INFALLIBILITY). ..

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(===) Islam (===) ..

A FATWĀ is a non-binding legal opinion issued by an ISLAMIC SCHOLAR under ISLAMIC LAW. The popular misconception ^[376]. ^[377]. that the word means a death sentence probably stems from the fatwā issued by Ayatollah RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI of Iran in 1989 regarding the author SALMAN RUSHDIE , whom he stated had earned a death sentence for BLASPHEMY. This event led to fatwās gaining widespread media attention in the West. ^[378]. ..
The word "JIHAD" does not always mean "HOLY WAR" ; literally , the word in Arabic means "struggle". While there is such a thing as "JIHAD#WARFARE (JIHAD BIL SAIF) .3. JIHAD BIL SAIF" , or jihad "by the sword" , ^[379]. many modern Islamic scholars usually say that it implies an effort or struggle of a spiritual kind. ^[380]. ^[381]. Scholar LOUAY SAFI asserts that "misconceptions and misunderstandings regarding the nature of war and peace in Islam are widespread in both the Muslim societies and the West" , as much following 9/11 as before. ^[382]. ..
The QURAN does not promise martyrs 72 virgins in heaven. It does mention virgin companions , HOURI , to all people—martyr or not—in heaven , but no amount is specified. The source for the 72 virgins is a HADITH in SUNAN AL-TIRMIDHI by IMAM AL-TIRMIDHI. ^[383]. Hadiths are sayings and acts of the prophet Mohammed as reported by others and as such not part of the Quran itself. Especially the hadiths that are weakly sourced , such as this one , ^[384]. must not necessarily be believed by a Muslim. Furthermore , the correct translation of this hadith is a matter of debate. ^[383]. ..

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(==) Literature (==) .. Plantilla:See also .3. q:List of misquotations .3. l1=Wikiquote: List of misquotations ..

..

The character SHERLOCK HOLMES never used the phrase: "Elementary , my dear Watson" in the works of ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE. However , he does say , "my dear Watson" then shortly (to Watson) "Elementary" during a conversation , and similar phrases at other times. ^[385]. The first use of the phrase was in the 1929 film "The Return of Sherlock Holmes." ..
(( FRANKENSTEIN )) was not the name of the monster in the novel (( FRANKENSTEIN ; OR , THE MODERN PROMETHEUS )) by MARY SHELLEY , rather it was the surname of the monster's creator Victor Frankenstein. The monster is instead called (( Frankenstein's monster )) . Also in the novel Frankenstein was a medical student , not a doctor as he is often portrayed. ^[386]. ..

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(==) Music (==) .. Plantilla:See also .3. Mondegreen ..

"EDELWEISS" is not the national anthem of AUSTRIA , but is in fact an original composition created for the musical (( THE SOUND OF MUSIC )) . The actual Austrian national anthem is "LAND DER BERGE , LAND AM STROME." ^[387]. ..

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(==) Technology (==) ..

..

(===) Inventions (===) ..

GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER did not invent PEANUT BUTTER , though he reputedly discovered three hundred uses for peanuts and hundreds more for soybeans , pecans , and sweet potatoes. ^[388]. ^[389]. ..
THOMAS CRAPPER did not invent the FLUSH TOILET ; ^[390]. it was invented by SIR JOHN HARRINGTON in 1596. Crapper , however , did much to increase its popularity and came up with some related inventions , such as the BALLCOCK mechanism used to fill toilet tanks. ..
THOMAS EDISON did not invent the LIGHT BULB. ^[391]. He did , however , develop the first practical light bulb in 1880 (employing a carbonized bamboo filament) , shortly prior to JOSEPH SWAN , who invented an even more efficient bulb in 1881 (which used a cellulose filament). ..
HENRY FORD did not invent either the automobile or the ASSEMBLY LINE. He did improve the assembly line process substantially , sometimes through his own engineering but more often through sponsoring the work of his employees. ^[392]. ^[393]. KARL BENZ (co-founder of MERCEDES-BENZ) is credited with the invention of the first modern automobile , ^[394]. and the assembly line has existed ASSEMBLY LINE#HISTORY .3. THROUGHOUT HISTORY. ..
GUGLIELMO MARCONI did not invent radio , but only modernized it for public broadcasting and communication. ^[395]. ^[396]. ^[397]. No single person was responsible for the INVENTION OF RADIO. ..
AL GORE never said that he "invented" the Internet ; Gore actually said , "During my service in the United States Congress , I took the initiative in creating the Internet." ^[398]. ^[399]. Gore was the original drafter of the HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION ACT OF 1991 , which provided significant funding for supercomputing centers , and this in turn led to upgrades of a major part of the already existing , early 1990s Internet backbone , the NSFNET , and development of NCSA MOSAIC , the BROWSER that popularized the WORLD WIDE WEB ; see AL GORE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. ..
JAMES WATT did not invent the STEAM ENGINE , ^[400]. nor were his ideas on steam engine power inspired by a KETTLE lid pressured open by steam. ^[401]. The invention of the steam engine was a process of development and redevelopment , and Watt merely developed upon the first commercially successful NEWCOMEN STEAM ENGINE in the 1760s and 1770s , although his new steam engine later gained its huge fame. ^[402]. ..

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(===) Computing (===) ..

It has been widely believed that MACINTOSH COMPUTERS are immune to MALWARE , such as TROJAN HORSES , ^[403]. though recent developments are correcting this belief. Although much less frequently than computers running MICROSOFT WINDOWS , they can and do get malware. ^[404]. ..

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(===) Transportation (===) ..

Toilet waste is never intentionally dumped overboard from an aircraft. All waste is collected in tanks which are GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT#LAVATORY SERVICE VEHICLES .3. EMPTIED ON THE GROUND BY SPECIAL TOILET WASTE VEHICLES. A vacuum is used to allow the toilet to be flushed with less water and because plumbing cannot rely on gravity alone in an aircraft in motion. ^[405]. ^[406]. The infamous BLUE ICE is caused by accidental leakages from the waste tank. Passenger trains , on the other hand , have historically FLUSHED ONTO THE TRACKS ; however , modern trains usually have retention tanks on board the train. ..

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(==) See also (==) ..

..

COMMON MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF GENETICS ..
CONVENTIONAL WISDOM ..
COUNTER-INTUITIVE ..
FACTOID ..
LIST OF MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ILLEGAL DRUGS ..
wikiquote:List of misquotations .3. List of misquotations ..
LIST OF TOPICS RELATED TO PUBLIC RELATIONS AND PROPAGANDA ..
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT TORNADOES ..

..

MISNOMER ..
(( MYTHBUSTERS )) ..
OLD WIVES' TALE ..
(( PSEUDODOXIA EPIDEMICA )) ..
PSEUDOSCIENCE ..
SNOPES.COM ..
THE STRAIGHT DOPE ..
URBAN LEGEND ..

..

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(==) References (==) .. {{ Reflist .3. 30em .3. refs= ..

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^[225].  ..
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^[256].  ..
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^[321].  ..
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^[350].  ..
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^[400].  ..

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(==) Further reading (==) ..

Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Diefendorf .3. first=David .3. title=Amazing… But False!: Hundreds of "Facts" You Thought Were True , But Aren't .3. publisher=Sterling .3. year=2007 .3. isbn=978-1-4027-3791-6 ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Green .3. first=Joey .3. title=Contrary to Popular Belief: More than 250 False Facts Revealed .3. publisher=Broadway .3. year=2005 .3. isbn=978-0-7679-1992-0 ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Johnsen .3. first=Ferris .3. title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Misconceptions: The Ultimate Debunker's Guide to Widely Accepted Fallacies .3. publisher=Carol Publishing Group .3. year=1994 .3. isbn=978-0-8065-1556-4 ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Kruszelnicki .3. first=Karl .3. coauthors=Adam Yazxhi .3. title=Great Mythconceptions: The Science Behind the Myths .3. publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing .3. year=2006 .3. isbn=978-0-7407-5364-0 ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Lloyd .3. first=John .3. coauthors=John Mitchinson .3. title=The Book of General Ignorance .3. publisher=Harmony Books .3. year=2006 .3. isbn=978-0-307-39491-0 ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Lloyd .3. first=John .3. coauthors=John Mitchinson .3. title=The Second Book Of General Ignorance .3. publisher=Faber and Faber .3. year=2010 .3. isbn=978-0-571-26965-5 ..
{{ Cite book .3. title=Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language .3. last1=O'Conner .3. first1=Patricia T. .3. last2=Kellerman .3. first2=Stewart .3. year=2009 .3. publisher=Random House .3. location=New York .3. isbn=978-1-4000-6660-5}} ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Tuleja .3. first=Tad .3. title=Fabulous Fallacies: More Than 300 Popular Beliefs That Are Not True .3. publisher=Galahad Books .3. year=1999 .3. isbn=978-1-57866-065-0 ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Varasdi .3. first=J. Allen .3. title=Myth Information: More Than 590 Popular Misconceptions , Fallacies , and Misbeliefs Explained! .3. publisher=Ballantine Books .3. year=1996 .3. isbn=978-0-345-41049-8 ..

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Plantilla:Defaultsort:List Of Common Misconceptions .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

paraulesenllacos ..

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ANCIENT ROME ..

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VOMITORIUM ..

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ANCIENT ROMAN CUISINE#TABLE CULTURE .3. ROMAN DINING CUSTOMS ..

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NERO ..

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GREAT FIRE OF ROME ..

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LYRE ..

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TACITUS ..

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LIFE EXPECTANCY ..

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VIKINGS ..

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HORNS ON THEIR HELMETS ..

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SCENOGRAPHY ..

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DER RING DES NIBELUNGEN ..

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RICHARD WAGNER ..

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KING CANUTE ..

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TIDE ..

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IRON MAIDENS ..

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MIDDLE AGES ..

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ARTIFACTS ..

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PLATE ARMOR ..

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CHAINMAIL ARMOR ..

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CHASTITY BELT ..

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SEXUAL INTERCOURSE ..

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MEDIEVAL ..

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HISTORY OF MASTURBATION#HEALTH CONCERNS .3. WIDESPREAD BELIEF THAT MASTURBATION COULD LEAD TO INSANITY ..

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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ..

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FLAT EARTH ..

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NAVIGATORS ..

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EARTH WAS ROUGHLY SPHERICAL ..

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INDIA ..

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LONGITUDE ..

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ERATOSTHENES ..

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MYTH OF THE FLAT EARTH ..

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THANKSGIVING ..

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JEAN LEON GEROME FERRIS ..

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AMERIGO VESPUCCI ..

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HIS FOUR VOYAGES ..

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COLUMBUS DAY ..

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LEIF ERICSON ..

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MARCO POLO ..

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TRAVELS ..

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DURUM WHEAT ..

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ARABS ..

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LIBYA ..

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SICILY ..

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NATIONAL MACARONI MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ..

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PILGRIM FATHERS ..

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PLYMOUTH COLONY ..

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CAPOTAINS ..

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ELIZABETHAN ERA ..

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DOUBLETS ..

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JERKINS ..

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RUFFS ..

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CHEMISE ..

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PLIMOTH PLANTATION ..

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THANKSGIVING ..

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SAINT AUGUSTINE , FLORIDA ..

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FROBISHER BAY ..

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JAMESTOWN , VIRGINIA ..

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BERKELEY HUNDRED ..

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SARAH JOSEPHA HALE ..

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MARIE ANTOINETTE ..

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LET THEM EAT CAKE ..

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CONFESSIONS ..

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ROUSSEAU ..

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MARIA-THERESA ..

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LOUIS XIV ..

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BRIOCHE ..

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GEORGE WASHINGTON ..

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UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ..

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NATIONAL MUSEUM OF DENTISTRY ..

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SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM ..

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AMERICAN REVOLUTION ..

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GUERRILLA ..

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AMERICAN ARMY ..

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AMERICA'S ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE ..

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UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE ..

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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS ..

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UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ..

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PARCHMENT ..

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HEMP ..

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ANTONIO SALIERI ..

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WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART ..

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MOZART'S PREMATURE DEATH ..

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AMADEUS ..

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FILM ADAPTATION ..

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CHARLES LOCK EASTLAKE ..

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NAPOLEON ..

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PENGUIN BOOKS ..

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CBS NEWS ..

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ASSOCIATED PRESS ..

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FOOT (LENGTH)#OBSOLETE USE IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES .3. FRENCH FEET ..

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CINCO DE MAYO ..

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MEXICO'S INDEPENDENCE DAY ..

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MEXICO'S INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN ..

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DISCOVERY CHANNEL ..

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TIME ..

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ABRAHAM LINCOLN ..

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AMERICAN SLAVES ..

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EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION ..

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BORDER STATES ..

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MISSOURI ..

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KENTUCKY ..

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WEST VIRGINIA ..

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MARYLAND ..

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DELAWARE ..

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THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT ..

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GREAT CHICAGO FIRE ..

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MRS. O'LEARY ..

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FREDERICK REMINGTON ..

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WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST ..

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JAMES CREELMAN ..

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PRAEGER ..

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SANTA CLAUS ..

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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY ..

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BENITO MUSSOLINI ..

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FASCISTS ..

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SIXTH AVENUE EL ..

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POLISH CAVALRY ..

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TANKS ..

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INVASION OF POLAND ..

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CHARGE AT KROJANTY ..

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ARMOURED CARS ..

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WORLD WAR II ..

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CHRISTIAN X OF DENMARK ..

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NAZI ..

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HELP MOST JEWS FLEE THE COUNTRY ..

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ALBERT EINSTEIN ..

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FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL ..

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RONALD REAGAN ..

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CASABLANCA ..

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HUMPHREY BOGART ..

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WARNER BROTHERS ..

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HAL B. WALLIS ..

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SNOPES.COM ..

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GEORGE SMATHERS ..

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CLAUDE PEPPER ..

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TIME ..

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ST. PETERSBURG TIMES ..

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JOHN F. KENNEDY ..

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ICH BIN EIN BERLINER ..

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URBAN LEGEND ..

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BERLINER PFANNKUCHEN ..

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EVA PERÓN ..

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TÚPAC KATARI ..

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JOSÉ MARÍA CASTIÑEIRA DE DIOS ..

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FIRST-PERSON NARRATIVE ..

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SPARTACUS ..

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ROLLING STONES ..

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SYMPATHY FOR THE DEVIL ..

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ALTAMONT FREE CONCERT ..

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MEREDITH HUNTER ..

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HELLS ANGELS ..

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UNDER MY THUMB ..

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ROLLING STONE ..

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MISSING PERSON'S ..

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AUGUSTA CHRONICLE ..

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AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE ..

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ENTRAPMENT ..

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AGENT PROVOCATEUR ..

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DIPLOMATIC MISSION#EXTRATERRITORIALITY .3. EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES ..

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VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ..

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SUSHI ..

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SEARING ..

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MAILLARD REACTION ..

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COOKING OIL ..

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FOOD ITEMS COOKED WITH WINE OR LIQUOR ..

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ALCOHOL'S ..

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MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ..

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MIGRAINE ..

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SUSHI ..

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MICROWAVE OVENS ..

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SKIN EFFECT ..

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MICROWAVE OVEN ..

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ELECTRICAL ARCING ..

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BROWNING SLEEVES ..

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DIELECTRIC HEATING ..

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TWINKIE ..

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IRREGARDLESS ..

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FUCK ..

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CHRISTIANIZED ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND ..

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ACRONYM ..

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FORNICATION ..

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ADULTERY#CRIMINAL PENALTIES .3. ADULTERERS ..

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STOCKS ..

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CRIMINAL CHARGE ..

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BRITISH ARMED FORCES ..

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BATTLE OF AGINCOURT ..

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YEW ..

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LONGBOW ..

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SNOPES.COM ..

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SNOPES.COM ..

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ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY ..

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MODERN ENGLISH ..

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ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE#THE INFLUENCE FRENCH HAD ON ENGLISH .3. INFLUENCE OF ANGLO-NORMAN ..

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FLEN FLYYS ..

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LATIN VERB ..

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PROTO-GERMANIC ..

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DUTCH ..

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NORWEGIAN ..

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ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY ..

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BACK-FORMATION ..

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THOMAS CRAPPER ..

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SNOPES.COM ..

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HARVESTED ..

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ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY ..

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MEDIEVAL LATIN ..

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CHAFF ..

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RULE OF THUMB ..

..

THE WASHINGTON POST ..

..

CNN ..

..

TIME ..

..

SNOPES.COM ..

..

MIDDLE SCOTS ..

..

GRINGO ..

..

MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR ..

..

VENEZUELAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE ..

..

MEXICAN REVOLUTION ..

..

AMERICAN OLD WEST ..

..

GREEN GROW THE LILACS ..

..

GREEN GROW THE RUSHES , O ..

..

US-AMERICAN SOLDIERS ..

..

COWBOYS ..

..

SNOPES.COM ..

..
 ..
..

POLICE ..

..

PENAL CODE ..

..

MARIJUANA ..

..

SNOPES.COM ..

..

SAN RAFAEL HIGH SCHOOL ..

..

LOUIS PASTEUR ..

..

THORN ..

..

XMAS ..

..

CHI ..

..

OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY ..

..

GREAT WALL OF CHINA ..

..

GREAT WALL OF CHINA ..

..

APOLLO ..

..

NASA ..

..

RICHARD HALLIBURTON ..

..

JAY APT ..

..

MAN-MADE STRUCTURES VISIBLE FROM SPACE ..

..

BLACK HOLES ..

..

YALE UNIVERSITY ..

..

EARTH ..

..

SUN ..

..

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ..

..

AXIAL TILT ..

..

EARTH ORBITS THE SUN ..

..

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ..

..

METEORITES ..

..

BOMBUS PRATORUM ..

..

ECHINACEA PURPUREA ..

..

ELEPHANTS' GRAVEYARD ..

..

MATADORS ..

..

DICHROMATS ..

..

IACUC ..

..

UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE ..

..

CABI ..

..

SALIVATING ..

..

SWEAT GLANDS ..

..

DOG ANATOMY#TEMPERATURE REGULATION .3. DOG ANATOMY ..

..

LEMMINGS ..

..

DISNEY ..

..

WHITE WILDERNESS ..

..

BATS ..

..

ECHOLOCATION ..

..

MEGABAT ..

..

MICROBAT ..

..

HOBART AND WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGES ..

..

OSTRICHES ..

..

PLINY THE ELDER ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS (2003 SEASON)#DOES A DUCK'S QUACK ECHO? .3. (SEASON 1 , EPISODE 8) ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS ..

..

DUCK ..

..

ECHO ..

..

GOLDFISH ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS (2004 SEASON)#EPISODE 12 – "SINKING TITANIC , GOLDFISH MEMORY , TROMBONE EXPLOSION" .3. 2004 SEASON , EPISODE 12 ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS ..

..

CHAMELEONS ..

..

ANOLES ..

..

CAMOUFLAGE ..

..

SMITH'S DWARF CHAMELEON ..

..

SHARKS ..

..

CARTILAGE ..

..

CARCINOMAS ..

..

EARTHWORM ..

..

EARTHWORM#REGENERATION .3. REGENERATION ..

..

PLANARIA ..

..

FLATWORMS ..

..

HOUSEFLIES ..

..

URBAN LEGEND ..

..

PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIDES ..

..

VENOMOUS ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS (2004 SEASON)#EPISODE 13 – "BURIED IN CONCRETE , DADDY LONG-LEGS , JET TAXI" .3. (2004 SEASON , EPISODE 13) ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS ..

..

OPILIONES ..

..

ARACHNIDS ..

..

CRANE FLIES ..

..

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE ..

..

BUMBLEBEE ..

..

INSECT FLIGHT#BASIC AERODYNAMICS .3. QUITE WELL UNDERSTOOD ..

..

BUMBLEBEE#MISCONCEPTIONS .3. THAT THEY SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO FLY ..

..

MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA ..

..

WOODY TISSUE ..

..

EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA#RUMOURED TOXICITY .3. POINSETTIAS ..

..

TOXIC ..

..

DIARRHEA ..

..

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE ..

..

AM J EMERG MED ..

..

ASPCA ..

..

BANANAS ..

..

PSEUDOSTEM ..

..

SUNFLOWERS ..

..

SUNFLOWER#HELIOTROPISM MISCONCEPTION .3. DO NOT TRACK THE SUN ACROSS THE SKY ..

..

HELIOTROPISM ..

..

THEORY ..

..

SCIENTIFIC THEORY ..

..

NATURAL ..

..

HARVARD-SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS ..

..

GERM THEORY ..

..

GRAVITATION ..

..

UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA ..

..

AEGYPTOPITHECUS ..

..

OLD WORLD MONKEY ..

..

HUMAN EVOLUTION ..

..

SPECIES ..

..

UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR ..

..

EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE ..

..

ABIOGENESIS ..

..

BIG BANG ..

..

CHIMPANZEES ..

..

MOST RECENT COMMON ANCESTOR ..

..

ARDIPITHECUS ..

..

PRIMITIVE ..

..

HOMINIDAE ..

..

OLD WORLD MONKEYS ..

..

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ..

..

INCREASE IN COMPLEXITY ..

..

GENOME ..

..

DEVOLUTION ..

..

MISNOMER ..

..

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ..

..

BIOLOGICAL DEVOLUTION ..

..

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ..

..

AVIAN ..

..

DINOSAURS ..

..

SCIENCE DAILY ..

..

AVIAN ..

..

CRETACEOUS–PALEOGENE EXTINCTION EVENT ..

..

HOMO ..

..

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ..

..

COMPLEXITY ..

..

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY ..

..

TYRANNOSAURUS REX ..

..

AVIAN ..

..

DINOSAURS ..

..

CRETACEOUS–PALEOGENE EXTINCTION EVENT ..

..

CRETACEOUS ..

..

SEXUAL SELECTION ..

..

SEXUAL CHARACTERISTIC ..

..

DINOSAURS ..

..

ASTEROID IMPACT ..

..

YUCATÁN PENINSULA ..

..

CRETACEOUS–PALEOGENE EXTINCTION EVENT ..

..

THEROPODS ..

..

JURASSIC ..

..

CRETACEOUS ..

..

MAMMALS ..

..

REPTILES ..

..

SAUROPSIDS ..

..

SYNAPSIDS ..

..

BLACKWELL SCIENCE ..

..

CARBONIFEROUS ..

..

LEPIDOSAURS ..

..

CROCODILES ..

..

ROMER , A.S ..

..

GLASS ..

..

VISCOSITY ..

..

LIQUID ..

..

ROOM TEMPERATURE ..

..

AMORPHOUS SOLID ..

..

GLASS TRANSITION ..

..

STAINED GLASS ..

..

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS ..

..

DIAMONDS ..

..

SLEEPWALKERS ..

..

SOUTH KOREA ..

..

ELECTRIC FAN ..

..

SUFFOCATION ..

..

HYPOTHERMIA ..

..

FAN DEATH ..

..

AIR CONDITIONER ..

..

EVAPORATION OF SWEAT ..

..

ENERGY LOSSES ..

..

VISCOUS DISSIPATION ..

..

CRAMPS ..

..

DROWNING ..

..

INSTINCTIVE DROWNING RESPONSE ..

..

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ..

..

DISINFECTANT ..

..

ANTISEPTIC ..

..

BACTERIAL INFECTION ..

..

HEALING ..

..

SCARRING ..

..

SKIN CELLS ..

..

CADUCEUS ..

..

MISTAKENLY USED AS A SYMBOL OF MEDICINE ..

..

ROD OF ASCLEPIUS ..

..

US ARMY MEDICAL CORPS ..

..

VEINS ..

..

HEMOGLOBIN ..

..

ARTERIES ..

..

LIGHT SCATTERING ..

..

MAP OF THE TONGUE ..

..

BITTER (TASTE)#BITTER .3. BITTER ..

..

SOUR#SOUR .3. SOUR ..

..

TASTE#SALTY .3. SALTY ..

..

SWEET ..

..

TASTES ..

..

TONGUE ..

..

TASTE BUDS ..

..

TONGUE MAP ..

..

EDWIN BORING ..

..

BITTER (TASTE)#BITTER .3. BITTER ..

..

SOUR#SOUR .3. SOUR ..

..

TASTE#SALTY .3. SALTY ..

..

SWEET ..

..

UMAMI ..

..

SENSES ..

..

SIGHT ..

..

SMELL ..

..

TASTE ..

..

TOUCH ..

..

HEARING ..

..

ARISTOTLE ..

..

EQUILIBRIOCEPTION ..

..

NOCICEPTION ..

..

PROPRIOCEPTION ..

..

THERMOCEPTION ..

..

CARBON DIOXIDE ..

..

TERMINAL HAIR ..

..

SPLIT ENDS ..

..

RED HAIR#EXTINCTION HOAX .3. REDHEAD GENE IS NOT BECOMING EXTINCT ..

..

THE GENE FOR RED HAIR ..

..

RECESSIVE ..

..

DISAPPEARING BLONDE GENE ..

..

SUGAR ..

..

HYPERACTIVITY#SUGAR CONSUMPTION .3. HYPERACTIVITY ..

..

UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES ..

..

DOUBLE-BLIND TRIALS ..

..

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ..

..

NEWS LIMITED ..

..

EXCITOTOXICITY ..

..

THIAMINE ..

..

KORSAKOFF'S SYNDROME ..

..

VEGAN ..

..

OVO-LACTO VEGETARIANS ..

..

VEGANS ..

..

SUPPLEMENTATION ..

..

VITAMIN B-12 ..

..

CHEWING GUM ..

..

HUMAN SEXUALITY ..

..

TESTOSTERONE ..

..

NEURONS ..

..

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES ..

..

SPEECH ..

..

LANGUAGE ..

..

BROCA'S AREA ..

..

WERNICKE'S AREA ..

..

ONE HEMISPHERE OF THE BRAIN MORE THAN THE OTHER ..

..

NEUROPLASTICITY ..

..

MOTOR CONTROL ..

..

SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE ..

..

NEURONS ..

..

POSTNATAL ..

..

AVIANS ..

..

OLD WORLD PRIMATES ..

..

CELL POTENCY ..

..

SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE ..

..

LATERAL VENTRICLES ..

..

SUBGRANULAR ZONE ..

..

DENTATE GYRUS ..

..

OLFACTORY BULB ..

..

DENTATE GYRUS ..

..

NEOCORTEX ..

..

VACCINES ..

..

AUTISM ..

..

AUTISM SPECTRUM ..

..

FRAUDULENT RESEARCH ..

..

ANDREW WAKEFIELD ..

..

REPRODUCE ..

..

ONLY TEN PERCENT OF THEIR BRAINS ..

..

WILLIAM JAMES ..

..

GLIAL CELLS ..

..

NEURONS ..

..

DAIRY PRODUCTS ..

..

MUCUS ..

..

CONGESTION ..

..

WARTS ..

..

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS ..

..

TOADS ..

..

CRACKING ONE'S KNUCKLES ..

..

OSTEOARTHRITIS ..

..

DIVERTICULITIS ..

..

TRENDELENBURG POSITION ..

..

HYPOTENSION ..

..

SHOCK ..

..

HYPERTENSION ..

..

COMMON COLD ..

..

SPUTUM ..

..

INDEPENDENT ..

..

RANDOM PROCESS ..

..

ROULETTE ..

..

MONTE CARLO CASINO ..

..

GAMBLER'S FALLACY ..

..

BIG BANG THEORY ..

..

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE ..

..

CORIOLIS EFFECT ..

..

PENN STATE ..

..

GYROSCOPIC FORCES ..

..

BICYCLE AND MOTORCYCLE DYNAMICS#OTHER HYPOTHESES .3. BALANCE ..

..

AIRFOIL#EQUAL TRANSIT TIME MYTH .3. AIRFOIL ..

..

INCORRECT ..

..

LIFT (FORCE)#DESCRIPTION OF LIFT ON AN AIRFOIL .3. CORRECT EXPLANATIONS ..

..

BERNOULLI'S_PRINCIPLE#MISAPPLICATIONS_OF_BERNOULLI.27S_PRINCIPLE_IN_COMMON_CLASSROOM_DEMONSTRATIONS .3. BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE ..

..

LIGHTNING ..

..

SUPERSTITIONS ..

..

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING ..

..

PENNY ..

..

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING ..

..

TERMINAL VELOCITY ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS (2003 SEASON)#PENNY DROP .3. AN EPISODE OF (( MYTHBUSTERS )) ..

..

PROGRAMMABLE THERMOSTAT ..

..

HEAT LOST ..

..

EIDETIC MEMORY ..

..

MNEMONIC DEVICES ..

..

EXCEPTIONAL MEMORY ..

..

HYPERTHYMESIA ..

..

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY ..

..

MARILU HENNER ..

..

60 MINUTES ..

..

SCHIZOPHRENIA ..

..

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER ..

..

EUGEN BLEULER ..

..

MARCOS TORREGROSA ..

..

BRAZILIAN JIU JITSU ..

..

JUDO ..

..

ABNER DOUBLEDAY ..

..

ORIGINS OF BASEBALL#ABNER DOUBLEDAY MYTH .3. ORIGINS OF BASEBALL ..

..

BLACK BELT ..

..

JUDO ..

..

FORBIDDEN FRUIT ..

..

BOOK OF GENESIS ..

..

JOHN MILTON ..

..

AREOPAGITICA ..

..

ETROG ..

..

BABYLONIAN TALMUD ..

..

BERAKHOT ..

..

GENESIS RABBA ..

..

HISTORICAL BUDDHA ..

..

BUDAI ..

..

INCARNATION ..

..

MAITREYA ..

..

BODHISATTVA ..

..

MAHĀYĀNA BUDDHISM ..

..

PURE LAND (JÌNGTǓ) ..

..

AMITĀBHA BUDDHA ..

..

SAVIOR ..

..

WESTERN PURE LAND ..

..

POPE JULIUS THE FIRST ..

..

JESUS TO HAVE BEEN CONCEIVED ..

..

ROMAN ..

..

WINTER SOLSTICE ..

..

WINTER FESTIVALS ..

..

MAGI ..

..

ARTISTIC DEPICTIONS OF THE NATIVITY ..

..

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ..

..

VIRGIN BIRTH OF JESUS ..

..

MARY ..

..

ORIGINAL SIN ..

..

PERPETUAL VIRGINITY ..

..

THE WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE ON THE VIRGIN BIRTH OF JESUS ..

..

IMPECCABILITY#IMPECCABILITY AND THE POPE .3. IS SINLESS ..

..

DOGMA ..

..

DIVINE REVELATION ..

..

PROMULGATED ..

..

PAPAL INFALLIBILITY ..

..

FATWĀ ..

..

ISLAMIC SCHOLAR ..

..

ISLAMIC LAW ..

..

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL ..

..

RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI ..

..

SALMAN RUSHDIE ..

..

BLASPHEMY ..

..

JIHAD ..

..

HOLY WAR ..

..

JIHAD#WARFARE (JIHAD BIL SAIF) .3. JIHAD BIL SAIF ..

..

JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS ..

..

KUWAIT NEWS AGENCY ..

..

LOUAY SAFI ..

..
 ..
..

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT ..

..

QURAN ..

..

HOURI ..

..

HADITH ..

..

SUNAN AL-TIRMIDHI ..

..

IMAM AL-TIRMIDHI ..

..

SHERLOCK HOLMES ..

..

ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE ..

..

FRANKENSTEIN ..

..

FRANKENSTEIN ; OR , THE MODERN PROMETHEUS ..

..

MARY SHELLEY ..

..

EDELWEISS ..

..

AUSTRIA ..

..

THE SOUND OF MUSIC ..

..

LAND DER BERGE , LAND AM STROME ..

..

GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER ..

..

PEANUT BUTTER ..

..

AMERICAN SCIENTIST ..

..

THOMAS CRAPPER ..

..

FLUSH TOILET ..

..

SNOPES ..

..

SIR JOHN HARRINGTON ..

..

BALLCOCK ..

..

THOMAS EDISON ..

..

LIGHT BULB ..

..

JOSEPH SWAN ..

..

HENRY FORD ..

..

ASSEMBLY LINE ..

..

KARL BENZ ..

..

MERCEDES-BENZ ..

..

ASSEMBLY LINE#HISTORY .3. THROUGHOUT HISTORY ..

..

GUGLIELMO MARCONI ..

..

INVENTION OF RADIO ..

..

AL GORE ..

..

HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION ACT OF 1991 ..

..

NSFNET ..

..

NCSA MOSAIC ..

..

BROWSER ..

..

WORLD WIDE WEB ..

..

AL GORE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ..

..

JAMES WATT ..

..

STEAM ENGINE ..

..

KETTLE ..

..

NEWCOMEN STEAM ENGINE ..

..

MACINTOSH COMPUTERS ..

..

MALWARE ..

..

TROJAN HORSES ..

..

MICROSOFT WINDOWS ..

..

GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT#LAVATORY SERVICE VEHICLES .3. EMPTIED ON THE GROUND BY SPECIAL TOILET WASTE VEHICLES ..

..

BLUE ICE ..

..

FLUSHED ONTO THE TRACKS ..

..

COMMON MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF GENETICS ..

..

CONVENTIONAL WISDOM ..

..

COUNTER-INTUITIVE ..

..

FACTOID ..

..

LIST OF MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ILLEGAL DRUGS ..

..

LIST OF TOPICS RELATED TO PUBLIC RELATIONS AND PROPAGANDA ..

..

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT TORNADOES ..

..

MISNOMER ..

..

MYTHBUSTERS ..

..

OLD WIVES' TALE ..

..

PSEUDODOXIA EPIDEMICA ..

..

PSEUDOSCIENCE ..

..

SNOPES.COM ..

..

THE STRAIGHT DOPE ..

..

URBAN LEGEND ..

..

TIERNEY , JOHN ..

..

MONTY HALL PROBLEM ..

↑ . {{ cite book .3. last=McKeown .3. first=J.C. .3. title=A Cabinet of Roman Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the World’s Greatest Empire .3. year=2010 .3. publisher=Oxford University Press .3. isbn=0-19-539375-9 , 9780195393750 .3. pages=153–154 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=YgywlMz3ursC&pg=Pa153&dq=vomitorium+misconception#v=onepage&q=vomitorium % 20misconception&f=false .3. ref=harv}}
↑ . {{ cite book .3. last=Fass .3. first=Patrick .3. title=Around the Roman Table .3. year=1994 .3. publisher=University of Chicago Press .3. isbn=978-0-226-23347-5 .3. pages=66–67 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YxglAr17oekC&dq=romans+vomiting+meals+inpublisher % 3Auniversity&q=vomiting+ % 22there+is+no+reason+to+believe % 22#v=snippet&q=vomiting % 20 % 22there % 20is % 20no % 20reason % 20to % 20believe % 22&f=false .3. ref=harv}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last= Tacitus .3. title=Annals .3. ref=harv s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 15#39 .3. Xv.39
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last= Tacitus .3. title=Annals .3. ref=harv s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 15#43 .3. Xv.43
↑ . http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2011/05/01/falsehood-if-this-was-the-ston/
↑ . "Expectations of Life" by H.O. Lancaster as per
↑ . {{ cite book .3. title=World History: Societies of the Past .3. last=Kahn .3. first=Charles .3. year=2005 .3. publisher=Portage & Main Press .3. isbn=1-55379-045-6 .3. page=9 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=gExcih4tek8C .3. accessdate=March 18 , 2011 .3. ref=harv }}
↑ . {{ cite book .3. last=Frank .3. first=F. .3. title=The Invention of the Viking Horned Helmet .3. year=2000 .3. publisher=International Scandinavian and Medieval Studies in Memory of Gerd Wolfgang Weber .3. url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/51267328/Frank-Invention-of-Horned-Helmet .3. ref=harv}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13524677 .3. title=Is King Canute misunderstood? .3. publisher= Bbc .3. ref=harv .3. date=May 26 , 2011
↑ . {{ cite book .3. first = Wolfgang .3. last = Schild .3. year = 2000 .3. title = Die eiserne Jungfrau. Dichtung und Wahrheit (Schriftenreihe des Mittelalterlichen Kriminalmuseums Rothenburg o. d. Tauber Nr. 3) .3. location = Rothenburg ob der Tauber .3. ref=harv}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. last=Breiding .3. first=Dirk .3. title=Department of Arms and Armor , The Metropolitan Museum of Art .3. url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aams/hd aams.htm
↑ . {{ cite book .3. last=Keyser .3. first=Linda Migl .3. title=Misconceptions About the Middle Ages .3. year=2008 .3. publisher=Routledge .3. chapter=The Medieval Chastity Belt Unbuckled .3. editor-last=Harris .3. editor-first= Stephen J. .3. editor2-last= Grigsby .3. editor2-first= Bryon L. .3. ref=have}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Dicks .3. first=D.R. .3. title=Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle .3. page=68 .3. year=1970 .3. isbn=978-0-8014-0561-7 .3. publisher=Cornell University Press. .3. location=Ithaca , Ny
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1001.htm
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Eratosthenes of Cyrene (276 B.C.-194 B.C.) .3. url=http://www.enotes.com/earth-science/eratosthenes-cyrene-276-b-c-194-b-c .3. publisher=enotes .3. accessdate=April 5 , 2011
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop pickandmix/previews/panama-veraguas-province-preview.pdf .3. title=Panama – Veraguas Province .3. publisher=LonelyPlanet.com .3. page=174 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010
↑ . {{ cite web .3. last=Stengle .3. first=Jamie .3. url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/health_science/daily/20080220_Lunar_eclipse__The_view_from_historys_perspective.html .3. title=Lunar eclipse: The view from history's perspective .3. publisher=Philly.com .3. date=February 20 , 2008 .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009}}
↑ . Sale , Kirkpatrick (1991). (( The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy )) . Isbn 978-1-84511-154-0. pp. 204–209
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Terra cognita: the mental discovery of America .3. author1=Eviatar Zerubavel .3. publisher=Transaction Publishers .3. year=2003 .3. isbn=978-0-7658-0987-2 .3. pages=90–91 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YkLciKn0x4Uc&pg=Pa90
↑ . National Pasta Association article (( Faqs )) section "Who "invented" pasta?" ; "The story that it was Marco Polo who imported noodles to Italy and thereby gave birth to the country's pasta culture is the most pervasive myth in the history of Italian food." (Dickie 2008 , p. 48).
↑ . S. Serventi , F. Sabban (( La pasta. Storia e cultura di un cibo universale )) , Vii. Economica Laterza 2004
↑ . {{ Cite book .3. last = Serventi .3. first = Silvano .3. coauthors = Françoise Sabban .3. others = Trans. Antony Shugaar .3. title = Pasta: The Story of a Universal Food .3. year = 2002 .3. publisher = Columbia University Press .3. location = New York .3. isbn = 0-231-12442-2 .3. page = 10 .3. postscript = Plantilla:Inconsistent citations}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://web.ccsd.k12.wy.us/techcurr/social % 20studies/05/0101pilcloth.html .3. title=Plymouth Colony Clothing .3. publisher=Web.ccsd.k12.wy.us .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2007-11-20-first-thanksgiving N.htm .3. title=Florida teacher chips away at Plymouth Rock Thanksgiving myth .3. date=November 21 , 2007 .3. work= Usa Today .3. first= Craig .3. last=Wilson
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. last=Davis .3. first=Kenneth C. .3. url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/opinion/26davis.html?th&emc=th .3. title=A French Connection (Op Ed) .3. work=The New York Times .3. date=November 25 , 2008 .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012
↑ . Canada's first Thanksgiving: Frobisher set stage for our celebrations in different spirit than U.S. (( canada.com )) (September 12 , 2005). Retrieved September 12 , 2011.
↑ . Morill , Ann "Thanksgiving and Other Harvest Festivals" Infobase Publishing , Isbn 1-60413-096-2 p.33
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↑ . Appelbaum , Diana Karter. (( Thanksgiving: An American Holiday , An American History )) . New York , Facts on File , 1984
↑ . Schenone , Laura. (( A Thousand Years Over A Hot Stove: A History Of American Women Told Through Food , Recipes , And Remembrances )) . New York: W. W. Norton & Company , 2004: 118. Isbn 978-0-393-32627-7
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↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6875436/ .3. title=Washington's False Teeth Not Wooden .3. publisher=Msnbc .3. date=January 27 , 2005 .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.breedshill.org/revolutionary war myths.htm .3. title=Revolutionary War Myths .3. deadurl=no .3. accessdate=November 25 , 2012
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration history.html .3. title=Declaration of Independence – A History .3. accessdate=April 4 , 2011 .3. work=archives.gov .3. publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/3742/new-poll-gauges-americans-general-knowledge-levels.aspx .3. date=July 6 , 1999 .3. title=New Poll Gauges Americans' General Knowledge Levels .3. first=Steve .3. last=Crabtree .3. quote=Fifty-five percent say it commemorates the signing of the Declaration of Independence (this is a common misconception , and close to being accurate ; July 4th is actually the date in 1776 when the Continental Congress approved the Declaration , which was officially signed on August 2nd.) Another 32 % give a more general answer , saying that July 4th celebrates Independence Day. .3. publisher=Gallup News Service .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011}}
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↑ . {{ Cite book .3. title= Sorry , Wrong Answer: Trivia Questions That Even Know-It-Alls Get Wrong .3. authorlink= Rod L. Evans .3. first= Rod L. .3. last= Evans .3. publisher= PENGUIN BOOKS .3. year= 2010 .3. isbn= 978-0-399-53586-4 .3. accessdate=December 31 , 2011 .3. url= http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7CkHf7xTuYc&pg=Pt116 .3. postscript= Plantilla:Inconsistent citations }}
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↑ . {{ Cite book .. .3. last1 = Campbell .3. first1 = W. Joseph .. .3. title = Getting it wrong : ten of the greatest misreported stories in American Journalism .. .3. year = 2010 .. .3. publisher = University of California Press .. .3. location = Berkeley .. .3. isbn = 978-0-520-26209-6 .. .3. pages =9–25 .. }}
↑ . Campbell , W. Joseph (2003). (( Yellow Journalism: Puncturing the Myths , Defining the Legacies )) . PRAEGER. p. 72. Isbn 978-0-275-98113-6
↑ . The Claus That Refreshes Snopes.com . Retrieved January 7 , 2008.
↑ . The White Rock Collectors Association , "Did White Rock or The Coca-Cola Company create the modern Santa Claus Advertisement? ," whiterocking.org , 2001 Retrieved January 19 , 2007.
↑ . White Rock Beverages , "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing! ," BevNet.com , December 18 , 2006.
↑ . White Rock Beverages , "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing! ," BevNet.com , December 18 , 2006 . Retrieved January 19 , 2007.
↑ . File:Santa1902PuckCover.jpg .3. thumb .3. Santa Claus on the 1902 cover of Puck magazine , File:Santa1904PuckCover.jpg .3. thumb .3. Santa Claus on the 1904 cover of Puck magazine , File:Santa1905PuckCover.jpg .3. thumb .3. Santa Claus on the 1905 cover of Puck magazine.
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↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/Aphistory/Cavalry Myth/cavalry myth.html .3. title=The Mythical Polish Cavalry Charge .3. work=Polish American Journal .3. publisher=Polamjournal.com .3. date= July 2008 .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.diis.dk/graphics/Cver/Personlige_Cver/Holocaust_and_Genocide/Publikationer/holocaust_Dk_kap_5.pdf .3. title=The King and the Star – Myths created during the Occupation of Denmark .3. accessdate=April 5 , 2011 .3. author=Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson .3. publisher=Danish institute for international studies}}
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↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=King Christian and the Star of David .3. url=http://www.natmus.dk/sw81068.asp .3. accessdate=April 6 , 2011 .3. publisher=The National Museum of Denmark
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↑ . "Volveré y seré millones" , la frase que erróneamente la historia atribuyó a Evita (castellà)
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↑ . (( Sloane )) (1990) 49 A Crim R 270. See also AGENT PROVOCATEUR
↑ . William R. Slomanson: (( Fundamental perspectives on international law )) p. 337
↑ . % 20Embassies % 20and % 20Consulates % 20extraterritoriality % 20Vienna&f=false H. F. van Panhuys: (( International Law in the Netherlands )) , volume 3 , p. 240 - 241
↑ . 'Laws and Rules Regarding Extraterritoriality' on (( integrity-legal.com )) : 'There is a common misconception that Embassies and Consulates have extraterritoriality. As anecdotal evidence of this misconception , people will often say things like , "the Us Embassy sits upon United States soil." For the most part , this is not the case as extraterritoriality is not conferred upon an Embassy or Consulate , but in some situations extraterritoriality may be created by Treaty'.
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↑ . "(n) (gen) (food) (uk) sushi/anything made with vinegared rice" Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group at Monash University http://azalae.com/diku/?Type=1&Restriction=3&Keyword=sushi
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↑ . http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/conversate http://www.allwords.com/word-conversate.html .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/conversate .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/funnest .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/fun .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/funnest/ .. http://www.allwords.com/word-funnest.html .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/funnest .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/impactful .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/impactful .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/impactful/ .. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/impactful .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/impactful .. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mentee .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mentee .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/mentee .. http://www.yourdictionary.com/mentee .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/mentee/ .. http://www.allwords.com/word-mentee.html .. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mentee .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/mentee .. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/thusly .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/thusly .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/thusly .. http://www.yourdictionary.com/thusly .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/thusly/ .. http://www.allwords.com/word-thusly.html .. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/thusly .. http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/thusly .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/thusly
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↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/apocryph/pluckyew.asp .. .3. title=Pluck Yew .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=July 9 , 2007 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/baloney.php .. .3. title=Ingenious Trifling .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fuck .. .3. title=Fuck .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. title =Fuck .. .3. encyclopedia=Merriam–Webster .. .3. publisher=Merriam–Webster , Inc .. .3. url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fuck .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. title =Fuck .. .3. encyclopedia=Webster's New World College Dictionary .. .3. publisher=John Wiley & Sons .. .3. url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/fuck .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-cra1.htm .. .3. title=Crap .. .3. first=Michael .3. last=Quinion .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. work=World Wide Words .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/business/names/crapper.asp .. .3. title=Thomas Crapper .. .3. date=May 31 , 2011 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=crap .. .3. title=Crap .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2003 .. .3. title=Cropper .. .3. encyclopedia=Dictionary of American Family Names .. .3. publisher=Oxford University Press .. .3. url=http://www.ancestry.com/facts/cropper-family-history.ashx .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2001 .. .3. title=Crap .. .3. encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language .. .3. publisher=Houghton Mifflin .. .3. url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/crap .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.lincolnminutemen.org/history/articles/hafner_rule_of_thumb.html .. .3. title=Another Myth in Splinters: "Rule of Thumb" .. .3. first=Donald L. .3. last=Hafner .. .3. year =2002 (updated 2005) .. .3. work= The Dispatch .. .3. publisher=lincolnminutemen.org .. .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite book .. .3. title=Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women .. .3. publisher=Simon and Schuster .. .3. year=1995 .. .3. first=Christina .3. last=Hoff Sommers .. .3. pages=203–207 , 296–297 .. .3. isbn=0-684-80156-6 .. .3. url= http://books.google.com/books?id=EiutJziqIqAc&pg=Pa203#v=onepage&q=thumb&f=false .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/acronyms/golf.asp .. .3. title=Golf Carte .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=October 10 , 2006 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. title=Golf .. .3. encyclopedia=Merriam–Webster .. .3. publisher=Merriam–Webster , Inc .. .3. url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/golf .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2001 .. .3. title=Golf .. .3. encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language .. .3. publisher=Houghton Mifflin .. .3. url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/golf .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/gringo.asp .. .3. title=Gringo .. .3. author=Mikkelson , Barbara and David P. .. .3. date=April 13 , 2011 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://ask.yahoo.com/20000821.html .. .3. title=How Did the Term 'Gringo' Originate? .. .3. date=August 21 , 2000 .. .3. work=Ask Yahoo! .. .3. publisher=Yahoo! Inc .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2001 .. .3. title=Gringo .. .3. encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language .. .3. url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/gringo .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ ^132,0 ^132,1 . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/420.asp .. .3. title=420 .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=June 13 , 2008 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.bearcat1.com/radioca.htm .. .3. title=Radio Codes & Signals – California .. .3. work=National Communications Magazine .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://law.onecle.com/california/penal/420.html .. .3. title=California Penal Code Section 420 .. .3. date=January 15 , 2011 .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.radiolabs.com/police-codes.html .. .3. title=Police 10/11 and Penal Codes .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=RadioLabs .. .3. publisher=RadioLabs International Inc. .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.yougetinfo.com/Info/PolCodes.html .. .3. title=Police Scanner 10 Codes… .. .3. first=Alfred F. .3. last=Matthews , Jr. .. .3. year=2009 .. .3. publisher=You Get Info .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/ye.html .. .3. title=Common Errors in English Usage – Ye .. .3. first=Paul .3. last=Brians .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. work=Common Errors in English Usage .. .3. publisher=Washington State University .. .3. accessdate=June 24 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ye .. .3. title=Etymology Online .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2001–2010 .. .3. work=Online Etymology Dictionary .. .3. publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary .. .3. accessdate=June 24 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0osmAaaamaaj&q=The+concise+usage+and+abusage&dq=The+concise+usage+and+abusage&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=S1AftpiWlsnkiAk_i-22Dq&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CcoQ6AewAa .. .3. title=The Concise Usage and Abusage .. .3. first=Eric .3. last=Partridge .. .3. year=1961 .. .3. work=The Concise Usage and Abusage .. .3. publisher=H. Hamilton .. .3. accessdate=June 24 , 2011 .. }}
↑ ^140,0 ^140,1 . {{ cite book .3. title= Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language .3. last1= O'Conner .3. first1= Patricia T. .3. last2= Kellerman .3. first2= Stewart .3. year= 2009 .3. publisher= Random House .3. location= New York .3. isbn= 978-1-4000-6660-5 .3. page=77}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.crivoice.org/symbols/xmasorigin.html .3. title=The Origin of "Xmas" .3. accessdate=June 10 , 2011 .3. publisher=Cri / Voice , Institute .3. author=Bratcher , Dennis .3. date=December 3 , 2007 .3. ref=Bra07
↑ . {{ cite book .3. title= Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language .3. last1= O'Conner .3. first1= Patricia T. .3. last2= Kellerman .3. first2= Stewart .3. year= 2009 .3. publisher= Random House .3. location= New York .3. isbn= 978-1-4000-6660-5 .3. page=78}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title= Common Errors in English Usage .3. edition= 2nd .3. last= Brians .3. first= Paul .3. year= 2009 .3. publisher= William , James & Company .3. location= Wilsonville .3. page=255
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/24mar noseprints/ .3. title=Space Station Astrophotography .3. publisher=NASA .3. date=March 24 , 2003 .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/science/greatwall.asp .3. title=Great Walls of Liar .3. publisher=Snopes.com .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011
↑ . {{ Cite book .3. last=Wolfson .3. first=Richard .3. title=Simply Einstein: relativity demystified .3. publisher=W. W. Norton & Company .3. year=2002 .3. page=261 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=OujwkdlFkeQc&pg=Pa219&lpg=Pa219&dq= % 22black+hole % 22+ % 22misconception % 22+ % 22cosmic+vacuum+cleaner % 22+-wikipedia .3. isbn=0-393-05154-4}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://oyc.yale.edu/astronomy/frontiers-and-controversies-in-astrophysics/content/transcripts/transcript09.html .3. title=Frontiers And Controversies In Astrophysics Transcript 9 .3. publisher=YALE UNIVERSITY .3. accessdate=April 26 , 2011}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/education/resources/sunearth/section06i.shtml .3. publisher=Adler Planetarium .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071216004548/http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/education/resources/sunearth/section06i.shtml .3. archivedate=December 16 , 2007 .3. title=Sun-Earth Connection .3. accessdate=May 8 , 2009}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/outreach/sunearthmiscons.html .3. title=Ten Things You Thought You Knew about Sun-Earth Science .3. publisher=Nasa .3. accessdate=May 8 , 2009
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. author=Contributor: Jt .3. url=http://listverse.com/2007/12/01/top-10-common-misconceptions/ .3. title=Top 10 Common Misconceptions .3. publisher=Listverse.com .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012
↑ . {{ cite news .3. last=Spanney .3. first=Laura .3. title=Not Many People Know That .3. url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519625.100-not-many-people-know-that.html .3. accessdate=November 11 , 2011 .3. newspaper=New Scientist .3. date=January 28 , 1995}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.itla.net/index.cfm?sec=Longhorn_Information&con=handling .3. title=Longhorn_Information – handling .3. first=Larry .3. last=Smith Ii .3. publisher=International Texas Longhorn Association .3. year=2007 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://iacuc.tennessee.edu/pdf/Policies-AnimalCare/Cattle-BasicCare.pdf .3. format=Pdf .3. title=Cattle – Basic Care .3. first=A. .3. last=Dario .3. date=September 12 , 2003 .3. publisher= IACUC , UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010 .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080625012822/http://iacuc.tennessee.edu/pdf/Policies-AnimalCare/Cattle-BasicCare.pdf .3. archivedate=June 25 , 2008}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=GhmrNyjhcrIc&pg=Pa45&lpg=Pa45&dq=cattle+dichromat
↑
. ..
- Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Cool Pet Facts - North Shore Animal League America.htm .3. url=http://www.animalleague.org/kids/cool pet facts.html .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 ..
- Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Dog noses – myths and facts about your dog's nose – weekly pet tips by Pets.ca .3. url=http://www.pets.ca/dogs/tips/dog-noses-facts-and-myths-pet-tip-115/ .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 ..
- {{ cite book .3. last=Varasdi .3. first=J. Allen .3. title=Myth Information .3. year=1989 .3. publisher=Ballantine Books .3. isbn=978-0-345-35985-8 .3. page=267 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Euz0P7x98z0C .3. quote=Dogs do not sweat with their tongues as most people believe. They do have some sweat glands , but the ones of most importance are on the pads , or soles , of their feet.}} ..
- {{ cite book .3. last=Segaloff .3. first=Nat .3. title=The Everything tall tales , legends & outrageous lies book .3. year=2001 .3. publisher=Adams Media Corp. .3. isbn=978-1-58062-514-2 .3. page=265 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=03vYaaaamaaj .3. quote=Of course , dogs sweat. You would , too , if you had to wear a fur coat in hot weather. Dogs excrete moisture through the pads on their paws.}} ..
- {{ cite book .3. last=Olien .3. first=Michael D. .3. title=The human myth : an introduction to anthropology .3. year=1978 .3. publisher=Harper & Row .3. location=New York .3. isbn=978-0-06-044918-6 .3. page=568 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mvFkaaaayaaj .3. quote=It is another folk tale that dogs do not sweat except through the tongue. This is an incorrect belief as dogs possess sweat glands all over the body.}} ..
- {{ cite journal .3. last=Aoki .3. first=T. .3. coauthors=Wada , M. .3. title=Functional Activity of the Sweat Glands in the Hairy Skin of the Dog .3. journal=Science .3. date=August 2 , 1951 .3. volume=114 .3. issue=2953 .3. pages=123–124 .3. doi=10.1126/science.114.2953.123 .3. url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/114/2953/123.short .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 .3. bibcode = 1951Sci...114..123A .3. pmid=14854926 }} ..
- {{ cite journal .3. last=Creighton .3. first=C .3. title=Three cases of Tumour arising from Skin-glands in the Dog , showing the connection between disorder of the glandular structure and function , and cancerous invasion of the connective tissue .3. journal=Medico-chirurgical transactions .3. year=1882 .3. volume=65 .3. pages=53–70.3 .3. pmid=20896600 .3. pmc=2121351}} ..
- {{ cite journal .3. title=British Medical Journal 1899 April 15 .3. pmc=2462491 .3. location=921–928 .3. quote=Some time ago we received from a correspondent an inquiry as to whether the very prevalent belief that a dog perspires through the tongue was a vulgar error or well founded. ...whether the dog exudes fluid from the tongue of the some kind as that exuded from the human skin. To this question the answer is , No. The skin of the dog is abundantly furnished with glands , having the characteristic disposition and structure of those which in man produce sweat , ... in other words , the dog does not sweat by the tongue.}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.petplace.com/dogs/how-do-dogs-sweat/page1.aspx .3. title=How Do Dogs Sweat – Page 1 .3. publisher=Petplace.com .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/disney/films/lemmings.asp .3. title=White Wilderness Lemmings Suicide .3. publisher=Snopes .3. date=August 19 , 2007 .3. first=Barbara and David P. .3. last=Mikkelson .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009
↑ . {{ cite journal .3. last=Scott .3. first=W. .3. journal=The Monthly chronicle of North-country lore and legend .3. year=1891 .3. title=The Monthly chronicle of North-country lore and legend: v.1–5 ; Mar. 1887-Dec. 1891 .3. month=November .3. volume=5 .3. page=523 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W8rUaaaamaaj&pg=Pa523#v=onepage&q&f=false .3. accessdate=January 7 , 2011}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.fws.gov/endangered/bats/miscon.htm .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080519095139/http://www.fws.gov/endangered/bats/miscon.htm .3. archivedate=May 19 , 2008 .3. title=Common Misconceptions About Bats .3. work=Endangered Species Program .3. publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service .3. date=November 5 , 2007 .3. accessdate=April 7 , 2009}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines/National-Wildlife/Animals/Archives/2003/American-Heritage-Animal-Cliches.aspx .3. title=The Truth About Animal Clichés .3. date=February 1 , 2003 .3. first= Roger .3. last=Di Silvestro .3. publisher=National Wildlife Federation .3. accessdate=October 31 , 2011}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. title=Blind as a Bat? .3. format=Press release .3. publisher=HOBART AND WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGES .3. location=Geneva , Ny .3. date=June 12 , 2003 .3. url=http://www.collegenews.org/x2682.xml .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080607080055/http://www.collegenews.org/x2682.xml .3. archivedate=June 7 , 2008 .3. accessdate=April 7 , 2009}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/11/02/1777947.htm .3. title=Ostrich head in sand .3. author=Kruszelnicki , Karl S. .3. date=November 2 , 2006 .3. work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation .3. accessdate=October 7 , 2011
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.timesunion.com/opinion/article/Maybe-ostriches-are-smarter-1370503.php .3. title=Maybe ostriches are smarter .3. author= Smith , Rex .3. date=May 8 , 2011 .3. work=Albany Times-Union .3. accessdate=October 7 , 2011
↑ . {{ cite news .3. last=Lollar .3. first=Michael .3. title=Fine feathered infirmary for sick songbirds .3. url=http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2008/jun/16/fine-feathered-infirmary-for-sick-songbirds/ .3. accessdate=January 12 , 2011 .3. work=Knox News .3. agent=The Commercial .. Appeal .3. date= June 16 , 2008 .3. accessdate=October 31 , 2011}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/critters/wild/babybird.asp .3. title=A Bird in the Hand .3. publisher=Snopes.com .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .3. date=September 27 , 2004 .3. accessdate=January 22 , 2011
↑ . "Alcatraz Escape: Does a Duck's Quack Echo?" MYTHBUSTERS (2003 SEASON)#DOES A DUCK'S QUACK ECHO? .3. (SEASON 1 , EPISODE 8). (( MYTHBUSTERS )) . Discovery Channel. December 12 , 2003.
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/acoustics_info/duck/ .3. title=A Duck's Quack Doesn't Echo , and no-one knows the reason why? .3. publisher=University of Salford Acoustics .3. work=Acoustics.salford.ac.uk .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2010}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. last=Hipsley .3. first=Anna .3. url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/19/2166204.htm .3. title=Goldfish three-second memory myth busted – Abc News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) .3. publisher=Abc .3. location=Australia .3. date=February 19 , 2008 .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009}}
↑ . "Sinking Titanic: Goldfish Memory". MYTHBUSTERS (2004 SEASON)#EPISODE 12 – "SINKING TITANIC , GOLDFISH MEMORY , TROMBONE EXPLOSION" .3. 2004 SEASON , EPISODE 12. (( MYTHBUSTERS )) . Discovery.com. February 22 , 2004.
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://nootropics.com/intelligence/smartfish.html .3. title='&
↑ . {{ cite web .3. last=Clark .3. first=Rulon .3. title=Chromatophores allow chameleons to change colors .3. url=http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/index.html?quid=912 .3. work=Ask a Scientist! .3. publisher=Cornell Center for Materials Research .3. accessdate=June 25 , 2011}}
↑ . {{ cite news .3. last=Young .3. first=Emma .3. title=Chameleons fine-tune camouflage to predator's vision .3. url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13944-chameleons-finetune-camouflage-to-predators-vision.html .3. accessdate=June 25 , 2011 .3. newspaper=New Scientist .3. date=May 21 , 2008}}
↑ . {{ cite journal .3. last1=Ostrander .3. first1=G. K. .3. last2=Cheng .3. first2=Kc .3. last3=Wolf .3. first3=Jc .3. last4=Wolfe .3. first4=Mj .3. title=Shark Cartilage , Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience .3. journal=Cancer Research .3. volume=64 .3. issue=23 .3. pages=8485–91 .3. year=2004 .3. pmid=15574750 .3. doi=10.1158/0008-5472.Can-04-2260}}
↑ . {{ cite journal .3. doi=10.1002/jez.1401170102 .3. title=Simultaneous anterior and posterior regeneration and other growth phenomena in Maldanid polychaetes .3. year=1942 .3. last1=Moment .3. first1=Gairdner B. .3. journal=Journal of Experimental Zoology .3. volume=117 .3. pages=1}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/gardening with children/didyouknow worms.shtml .3. title=Gardening with children – Worms .3. publisher=Bbc .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009
↑ . {{ cite journal .3. last1=Reddien .3. first1=Peter W. .3. last2=Alvarado .3. first2=Alejandro Sanchez .3. title=Fundamentals of planarian regeneration .3. journal=Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology .3. volume=20 .3. pages=725–57 .3. year=2004 .3. pmid=15473858 .3. doi=10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.095114}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. title=The Housefly .3. url=http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/400-499/nb453.htm .3. newspaper=Forest Preserve District of Cook County (Illinois) .3. date=April 15 , 1972 .3. accessdate=January 16 , 2011
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://house-flies.net/ .3. title=House Fly .3. year=2010 .3. publisher=House-flies.net .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011
↑ . "Buried in Concrete : Daddy Long Legs". MYTHBUSTERS (2004 SEASON)#EPISODE 13 – "BURIED IN CONCRETE , DADDY LONG-LEGS , JET TAXI" .3. (2004 SEASON , EPISODE 13). (( MYTHBUSTERS )) . Discovery Channel. February 25 , 2004.
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Ucr Spider Site – Daddy Long Legs Myth .3. url=http://spiders.ucr.edu/daddylonglegs.html .3. publisher=UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Spider Myths – If it could only bite .3. url=http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/spidermyth/myths/daddyvenom.html .3. year=2003 .3. publisher= Burke Museum of Natural History & Culture , University of Washington
↑ . Chatfield , Matthew (January 4 , 2008). 'Some scientist' once proved that bees can't fly...?. (( naturenet.net )) . The Ranger's Blog.
↑ . .. {{ cite web .. .3. author = Ivars Peterson .. .3. date = September 13 , 2004 .. .3. title = Flight of the Bumblebee .. .3. work = Ivars Peterson's MathTrek .. .3. publisher = MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA .. .3. url = http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_09_13_04.html .. .3. accessdate =November 18 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . {{ cite encyclopedia .3. title = Euphorbia .3. encyclopedia = The Southern Living Garden Book .3. editor-last = Bender .3. editor-first = Steve .3. year = 2004 .3. month = January .3. edition = 2nd .3. isbn = 0-376-03910-8 .3. publisher = Oxmoor House .3. location = Birmingham , Alabama .3. page = 306}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=55606 .3. title= Are Poinsettia Plants Poisonous? Fact or Fiction? .3. publisher=MedicineNet .3. accessdate=December 21 , 2007
↑ . {{ cite journal .3. author=Krenzelok Ep , Jacobsen Td , Aronis Jm .3. title=Poinsettia exposures have good outcomes…just as we thought .3. journal=AM J EMERG MED .3. volume=14 .3. issue=7 .3. pages=671–4 .3. year=1996 .3. month=November .3. pmid=8906768 .3. doi=10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90086-8 .3. url=}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. title=Ask the Expert: Poison Control > Poinsettia .3. url=http://www.aspca.org/Pet-care/ask-the-expert/ask-the-expert-poison-control/poinsettia.aspx .3. publisher=ASPCA}}
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↑ . {{ Cite book .3. last=Fullerton-Smith .3. first=Jill .3. title=The Truth About Food .3. publisher=Bloomsbury .3. year=2007 .3. pages=115–117 .3. isbn=978-0-7475-8685-2 .3. quote="Most parents assume that children plus sugary foods equals raucous and uncontrollable behaviour.[…] according to nutrition experts , the belief that children experience a "sugar high" is a myth."}}
↑ . {{ cite news .3. url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kG5Baaaaibaj&sjid=QkkMaaaaibaj&pg=5953 ,3984482 .3. title=Popular Misconceptions Regarding Intoxication .3. last=Brandstadt .3. first=William G. .3. date=December 19 , 1967 .3. work=Middlesboro Daily News .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011}}
↑ . {{ cite news .3. url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Y7Qoaaaaibaj&sjid=voIdaaaaibaj&pg=6314 ,2739204 .3. title=Hypothermia main outdoors threat .3. last=Pierson .3. first=Rebecca .3. date=December 9 , 2004 .3. work=Elizabethton Star .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011}}
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↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://firstaid.about.com/od/heatcoldexposur1/f/07 alcohol warm.htm .3. title=Alcohol for Warmth
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↑ . {{ cite journal .3. author=Kopelman Md , Thomson Ad , Guerrini I , Marshall Ej .3. title=The Korsakoff syndrome: clinical aspects , psychology and treatment .3. journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism .3. volume=44 .3. issue=2 .3. pages=148–54 .3. year=2009 .3. pmid=19151162 .3. doi=10.1093/alcalc/agn118}}
↑ ^276,0 ^276,1 . {{ Cite journal .3. last = Webb .3. first = Densie .3. title = Defending Vegan Diets – Rds Aim to Clear Up Common Misconceptions About Vegan Diets .3. journal = Today's Dietician .3. page = 20 .3. date = September 2010 .3. url = http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/082510p20.shtml .3. accessdate =March 9 , 2011}}
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↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=The dietitian's guide to vegetarian diets .3. last=Messina .3. first=Virginia .3. coauthors=Reed Mangles , Mark Messina .3. year=2004 .3. publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers .3. location=Sudbury , Ma .3. isbn=978-0-7637-3241-7
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↑ . {{ cite web .3. title=Men Think About Sleep & Food as Much as Sex .3. first=Stephanie .3. last=Pappas .3. date=May 5 , 2011 .3. url=http://www.livescience.com/14040-men-sex-thoughts.html .3. publisher=LiveScience.com .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012 .3. archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/65Jt4K2rx .3. archivedate=February 9 , 2012}}
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- {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.losethetrainingwheels.org/default.aspx?Lev=2&Id=34 .3. publisher=LoseTheTrainingWheels.org .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061010070125/http://www.losethetrainingwheels.org/default.aspx?Lev=2&Id=34 .3. archivedate=October 10 , 2006 .3. title=Bicycle Science .3. last=Klein .3. first=Richard E. .3. coauthors=et al. .3. accessdate=August 4 , 2006}} ..
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↑ ^322,0 ^322,1 . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.dclxvi.org/chunk/tech/trail/ .3. title=An Introduction to Bicycle Geometry and Handling .3. author=Megulon5 .3. publisher=Dclxvi.org .3. work=Chunk666 .3. quote=negated the gyroscopic action of the front wheel by mounting another wheel on the same axle and spinning it in the opposite direction. He says that it felt strange , but was easily ridable. However , when set in motion without a rider , it collapsed much quicker than normal , and he found it difficult (although not impossible) to ride with his hands off of the handlebars.}}Plantilla:Dubious .3. date=January 2011
↑ ^323,0 ^323,1 . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.grc.nasa.gov/Www/K-12/airplane/wrong1.html .3. title=Incorrect Lift Theory .3. publisher=Nasa Glenn Research Center .3. work=grc.nasa.gov .3. date=July 28 , 2008 .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011 (Java applet).
↑ . "This occurs because of Bernoulli’s principle — fast-moving air has lower pressure than non-moving air." Make Magazine http://makeprojects.com/Project/Origami-Flying-Disk/327/1
↑ . " Faster-moving fluid , lower pressure. ... When the demonstrator holds the paper in front of his mouth and blows across the top , he is creating an area of faster-moving air." University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy http://www.physics.umn.edu/outreach/pforce/circus/Bernoulli.html
↑ . "Bernoulli's Principle states that faster moving air has lower pressure... You can demonstrate Bernoulli's Principle by blowing over a piece of paper held horizontally across your lips." http://www.tallshipschannelislands.com/Pdfs/Educational_Packet.pdf
↑ . "If the lift in figure A were caused by "Bernoulli principle ," then the paper in figure B should droop further when air is blown beneath it. However , as shown , it raises when the upward pressure gradient in downward-curving flow adds to atmospheric pressure at the paper lower surface." Gale M. Craig Physical Principles Of Winged Flight http://www.regenpress.com/aerodynamics.pdf
↑ . "In fact , the pressure in the air blown out of the lungs is equal to that of the surrounding air..." Babinsky http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf/pe3_6_001.pdf
↑ . "...air does not have a reduced lateral pressure (or static pressure...) simply because it is caused to move , the static pressure of free air does not decrease as the speed of the air increases , it misunderstanding Bernoulli's principle to suggest that this is what it tells us , and the behavior of the curved paper is explained by other reasoning than Bernoulli's principle." Peter Eastwell (( Bernoulli? Perhaps , but What About Viscosity? )) The Science Education Review , 6(1) 2007 http://www.scienceeducationreview.com/open_access/eastwell-bernoulli.pdf
↑ . "Make a strip of writing paper about 5 cm X 25 cm. Hold it in front of your lips so that it hangs out and down making a convex upward surface. When you blow across the top of the paper , it rises. Many books attribute this to the lowering of the air pressure on top solely to the Bernoulli effect. Now use your fingers to form the paper into a curve that it is slightly concave upward along its whole length and again blow along the top of this strip. The paper now bends downward...an often-cited experiment which is usually taken as demonstrating the common explanation of lift does not do so..." Jef Raskin (( Coanda Effect: Understanding Why Wings Work )) http://karmak.org/archive/2003/02/coanda_effect.html
↑ . "Blowing over a piece of paper does not demonstrate Bernoulli’s equation. While it is true that a curved paper lifts when flow is applied on one side , this is not because air is moving at different speeds on the two sides... (( It is false to make a connection between the flow on the two sides of the paper using Bernoulli’s equation. )) " Holger Babinsky How Do Wings Work (( Physics Education 38(6) http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf/pe3_6_001.pdf
↑ . "An explanation based on Bernoulli’s principle is not applicable to this situation , because this principle has nothing to say about the interaction of air masses having different speeds... Also , while Bernoulli’s principle allows us to compare fluid speeds and pressures along a single streamline and... along two different streamlines that originate under identical fluid conditions , using Bernoulli’s principle to compare the air above and below the curved paper in Figure 1 is nonsensical ; in this case , there aren’t any streamlines at all below the paper!" Peter Eastwell )) Bernoulli? Perhaps , but What About Viscosity?(( The Science Education Review 6(1) 2007 http://www.scienceeducationreview.com/open_access/eastwell-bernoulli.pdf
↑ . "The well-known demonstration of the phenomenon of lift by means of lifting a page cantilevered in one’s hand by blowing horizontally along it is probably more a demonstration of the forces inherent in the Coanda effect than a demonstration of Bernoulli’s law ; for , here , an air jet issues from the mouth and attaches to a curved (and , in this case pliable) surface. The upper edge is a complicated vortex-laden mixing layer and the distant flow is quiescent , so that Bernoulli’s law is hardly applicable." David Auerbach )) Why Aircreft Fly(( European Journal of Physics Vol 21 p 289 http://iopscience.iop.org/0143-0807/21/4/302/pdf/0143-0807_21_4_302.pdf
↑ . "Millions of children in science classes are being asked to blow over curved pieces of paper and observe that the paper "lifts"... They are then asked to believe that Bernoulli's theorem is responsible... Unfortunately , the "dynamic lift" involved...is not properly explained by Bernoulli's theorem." Norman F. Smith "Bernoulli and Newton in Fluid Mechanics" )) The Physics Teacher Nov 1972((
↑ . "...if a streamline is curved , there must be a pressure gradient across the streamline , with the pressure increasing in the direction away from the centre of curvature." Babinsky http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf/pe3_6_001.pdf
↑ . "The curved paper turns the stream of air downward , and this action produces the lift reaction that lifts the paper." Norman F. Smith )) Bernoulli , Newton , and Dynamic Lift Part Ii(( School Science and Mathematics vol 73 Issue 4 pg 333 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1973.tb09040.x/pdf
↑ . "The curved surface of the tongue creates unequal air pressure and a lifting action. ... Lift is caused by air moving over a curved surface." )) Aeronautics An Educator’s Guide with Activities in Science , Mathematics , and Technology Education(( by Nasa pg 26 http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/58152main_Aeronautics.Educator.pdf
↑ . "Viscosity causes the breath to follow the curved surface , Newton's first law says there a force on the air and Newton’s third law says there is an equal and opposite force on the paper. Momentum transfer lifts the strip. The reduction in pressure acting on the top surface of the piece of paper causes the paper to rise." )) The Newtonian Description of Lift of a Wing-Revised(( David F. Anderson & Scott Eberhardt http://home.comcast.net/~clipper-108/Lift_Aapt.pdf
↑ . '"Demonstrations" of Bernoulli's principle are often given as demonstrations of the physics of lift. They are truly demonstrations of lift , but certainly not of Bernoulli's principle.' David F Anderson & Scott Eberhardt )) Understanding Flight pg 229 http://books.google.com/books?id=52Hfn7uEgsoC&pg=Pa229
↑ . "As an example , take the misleading experiment most often used to "demonstrate" Bernoulli's principle. Hold a piece of piece of paper so that it curves over your finger , then blow across the top. The paper will rise. However most people do not realize that the paper would Not rise if it was flat , even though you are blowing air across the top of it at a furious rate. Bernoulli's principle does not apply directly in this case. This is because the air on the two sides of the paper did not start out from the same source. The air on the bottom is ambient air from the room , but the air on the top came from your mouth where you actually increased its speed without decreasing its pressure by forcing it out of your mouth. As a result the air on both sides of the flat paper actually has the same pressure , even though the air on the top is moving faster. The reason that a curved piece of paper does rise is that the air from your mouth speeds up even more as it follows the curve of the paper , which in turn lowers the pressure according to Bernoulli." From The Aeronautics File By Max Feil http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nutfrrTxlkMj:www.mat.uc.pt/~pedro/ncientificos/artigos/aeronauticsfile1.ps+&cd=29&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us ..
↑ . "Some people blow over a sheet of paper to demonstrate that the accelerated air over the sheet results in a lower pressure. They are wrong with their explanation. The sheet of paper goes up because it deflects the air , by the Coanda effect , and that deflection is the cause of the force lifting the sheet. To prove they are wrong I use the following experiment: .. If the sheet of paper is pre bend the other way by first rolling it , and if you blow over it than , it goes down. This is because the air is deflected the other way. .. Airspeed is still higher above the sheet , so that is not causing the lower pressure." Pim Geurts. sailtheory.com http://www.sailtheory.com/experiments.html
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2005/ps 3.html .3. title=spinoff 2005-Lightning Often Strikes Twice .3. publisher=Office of the Chief Technologist , Nasa .3. work = Spinoff .3. date=March 25 , 2010 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. author=Staff .3. url=http://weather.weatherbug.com/weather-news/weather-reports.html?story=6571 .3. title=Full weather report story from WeatherBug.com .3. publisher=Weather.weatherbug.com .3. date=May 17 , 2010 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.misconceptionjunction.com/index.php/2010/10/dropping-a-penny-from-the-top-of-the-empire-state-building-isnt-dangerous/ .3. title=Dropping A Penny From The Top Of The Empire State Building Isn't Dangerous .3. publisher=misconceptionjunction.com}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://blog.srmi.biz/energy-saving-tips/residential-heating/thermostat-myths/ .3. title=Thermostat Myths .3. publisher=Saturn Resource Management
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.horizonservicesinc.com/reference/tips-articles/home-energy-myths-debunked .3. title=Home Energy Myths Debunked .3. publisher=Horizon Services
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/photographic-memory/ .3. title=Photographic Memory .3. publisher=indianapublicmedia.org
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.slate.com/id/2140685/ .3. title=Kaavya Syndrome The accused Harvard plagiarist doesn't have a photographic memory. No one does .3. publisher=slate.com
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/12/16/60minutes/main7156877.shtml .3. title=The Gift of Endless Memory .3. publisher=60 MINUTES .3. date=December 19 , 2010 .3. accessdate=November 3 , 2011
↑ ^350,0 ^350,1
. ^{(( Wikipedia:Citation overkill .3. Citation overkill ))} ..
↑ . {{ Cite news .3. last=Cole .3. first=Diane .3. url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060806/14ball.htm .3. title=Contrary to myth , baseball may have had no single inventor .3. publisher=Us News and World Report .3. date=October 4 , 1990 .3. accessdate=August 6 , 2009}}
↑ . {{ Cite news .3. last=Fox .3. first=Butterfield .3. url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/04/nyregion/cooperstown-hoboken-try-new-york-city.html .3. title=Cooperstown? Hoboken? Try New York City .3. work=The New York Times .3. date=October 4 , 1990 .3. accessdate=April 3 , 2009}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://r25.jp/magazine/ranking_review/10002000/1112008051512.html .3. title=柔道帯の最高位は、何と紅!? "紅帯"所持者に投げられてきた! .3. language=Japanese .3. publisher=R25.jp .3. date=May 15 , 2008 .3. accessdate=November 11 , 2008 .3. archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080519163156/http://r25.jp/magazine/ranking_review/10002000/1112008051512.html .3. archivedate = May 19 , 2008}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Voices from the University: The Legacy of the Hebrew Bible .3. author=Szpek , Heidi .3. page=92 .3. isbn=978-0-595-25619-8
↑ . {{ cite web .3. title=The Straight Dope: Was the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden an apple? .3. author=Adams , Cecil .3. url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2682/was-the-forbidden-fruit-in-the-garden-of-eden-an-apple .3. accessdate=January 15 , 2010}}
↑ . BABYLONIAN TALMUD , BERAKHOT , 40a
↑ . GENESIS RABBA 15 7
↑ . {{ cite web .3. author= Adams , Cecil .3. url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2682/was-the-forbidden-fruit-in-the-garden-of-eden-an-apple .3. title=Was the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden an apple? .3. publisher=The Straight Dope .3. date=November 24 , 2006 .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012}}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddha/a/laughingbuddha.htm .3. title=The Laughing Buddha .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .3. publisher=about.com
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/snapshot01.htm .3. title=Buddhism – Major Differences .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .3. publisher=Buddhanet.net
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/b3schchn.htm .3. title=The Chinese Buddhist Schools .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .3. publisher==Buddhanet.net
↑ ^362,0 ^362,1 . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Why Jesus Christ Wasn't Born on December 25 .3. url=http://www.gnmagazine.org/booklets/Hh/jcnotborndec25.asp .3. publisher=United Church of God .3. work=gnmagazine.org .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011 Plantilla:Dead link .3. date=June 2011
↑ . http://www.history.com/topics/christmas
↑ . http://www.whychristmas.com/customs/25th.shtml
↑ ^365,0 ^365,1 . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.bib-arch.org/e-features/christmas.asp .3. title=How December 25 Became Christmas .3. publisher=Biblical Archaeology Review .3. accessdate=December 13 , 2009
↑ . Newton , Isaac , (( Observations on the Prophecies of Daniel , and the Apocalypse of St. John )) (1733). Ch. Xi. "(( A sun connection is possible because Christians consider Jesus to be the "sun of righteousness" prophesied in Malachi 4:2. )) "
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Roll .3. first=Susan K. .3. title=Toward the Origins of Christmas .3. publisher=Peeters .3. year=1995 .3. page=130 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=6MxpembpjoAc&lpg=Pp1&pg=Pa130
Tighe , William J. (December 2003) , "Calculating Christmas". Touchstone Magazine. (Archived October 31 , 2009).
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=(( Iconography of Christian Art , Vol. I )) , 1971 (English translation from German) .3. author=Schiller , G. .3. isbn=0-85331-270-2 .3. page=105
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. last=Mikkelson .3. first=David and Barbara .3. title=Snopes.com – Three Wise Men .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/3wisemen.asp .3. accessdate=April 7 , 2009
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. first=Geza .3. last=Vermes .3. authorlink=Geza Vermes .3. title=The Nativity: History and Legend .3. location=London .3. publisher=Penguin .3. year=2006 .3. page=22
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Religion & Ethics – Beliefs: The Immaculate Conception .3. url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/beliefs/immaculateconception.shtml .3. year=2009 .3. publisher=Bbc .3. accessdate=January 5 , 2011
↑ . (( Erratum: The Bbc article errs in its statement of the virgin birth it says "Mary gave birth to Jesus while remaining a virgin" which , as stated , is part of the doctrine of PERPETUAL VIRGINITY. The correct formulation is "that Mary miraculously conceived Jesus while remaining a virgin" as stated in THE WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE ON THE VIRGIN BIRTH OF JESUS )) Retrieved January 5 , 2011.
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.catholicbasictraining.com/apologetics/coursetexts/4i.htm .3. title=Infallibility versus Impeccability .3. author=Rafe , Simon .3. work=Saint Michael's Basic Training: Apologetics .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://forums.catholic.com/showthread.php?t=27151&highlight=impeccable .3. title=In What Sense Is the Pope Infallible? .3. author=Blackburn , Jim .3. date=December 14 , 2004 .3. work=Catholic Answers Forums .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011
↑ . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.davidmacd.com/catholic/orthodox/pope_bishop_of_rome_primacy.htm#sinless .. .3. title=Is the Pope Sinless? .. .3. author=MacDonald , David ; Bonocore , Mark .. .3. work=The Pope , Bishop of Rome Catholic and Orthodox relations .. .3. publisher=CatholicBridge.com .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite journal .3. last=Isbister .3. first=William H. .3. title=A "good" fatwa .3. journal=BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL .3. date=November 23 , 2002 .3. volume=325 .3. issue=7374 .3. page=1227 .3. pmc=1124693
↑ . {{ Cite journal .3. last=Vultee .3. first=Fred .3. title=Fatwa on the Bunny .3. url=http://jci.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/30/4/319?ck=nck .3. journal=Journal of Communication Inquiry .3. date=October 2006 .3. volume=30 .3. issue=4 .3. pages= 319–336 .3. doi=10.1177/0196859906290919 .3. accessdate=December 19 , 2009 }}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. title=In Depth: Islam , Fatwa Faq .3. url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/islam/fatwa.html .3. publisher=Cbc News Online .3. date=June 15 , 2006 .3. accessdate=April 8 , 2009
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. first=Majid .3. last=Khadduri .3. title=War and Peace in the Law of Islam .3. publisher=JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS .3. year=1955 .3. pages=74–80 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Uhwd6gLzsFic&lpg=Pp1&pg=Pa74
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. first=Luke .3. last=Buckles .3. title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions , 3rd ed. .3. page=157 .3. publisher=Alpha .3. year=2004 .3. isbn=978-1-59257-222-9 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZpokHbyS3N0C&pg=Pa157
↑ . Plantilla:Cite news .3. url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/NewsAgenciesPublicSite/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1719934&Language=en .3. title=Western definition of "jihad" must be corrected – Italian expert .3. date=March 29 , 2007 .3. newspaper=KUWAIT NEWS AGENCY (Kuna)
↑ . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Peace and the Limits of War: Transcending the Classical Conception of Jihad .3. first=Louay M. .3. last=Safi .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1 Pfeicd5LkC&pg=Pp9
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↑ . Salahuddin Yusuf , (( Riyadhus Salihin )) , commentary on Nawawi , Chapter 372 , Dar-us-Salam Publications (1999) , Isbn 1-59144-053-X ,Isbn 978-1-59144-053-6
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. last=Mikkelson .3. first=Barbara .3. title='Elementary , My Dear Watson' .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/quotes/signature/elementary.asp .3. accessdate=December 15 , 2011
↑ . {{ cite book .3. url=http://www.cambridge.edu.au/education/resource/sample_2_9780521142878.pdf .3. format=Pdf .3. chapter=Sample Chapter – Checkpoint 2 – Frankenstein's Monster! .3. title=Cambridge Primary Checkpoints – Preparing for National Assessment 5 .3. first=Andrew .3. last=Woods .3. isbn= 978-0-521-14287-8 .3. date=August 2010 .3. unused_data=Cambridge University Press}}Plantilla:Dubious .3. date=February 2012 .3. reason=Example text is not necessarily a reliable source. "It may come as a surprise" does not satisfy Criteria No. 2 "is Rs as a common misconception"
↑ . November 7 , 2006. "How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?" Bbc.
↑ . History of Peanut Butter Peanut-butter.org.
↑ . A True Renaissance Man. AMERICAN SCIENTIST.
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/business/names/crapper.asp .3. title=Thomas Crapper .3. work=SNOPES .3. date=February 22 , 2007 .3. accessdate=December 13 , 2008
↑ . {{ Cite book .3. last=Robert .3. first=Friedel .3. coauthors=Paul Israel .3. title=Edison's Electric Light: Biography of an Invention .3. location=New Brunswick , New Jersey .3. publisher=Rutgers University Press .3. pages=115–117 .3. year=1987 .3. isbn=0-8135-1118-6}}
↑ . Hounshell, David A. (1984), From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-2975-8, OCLC 1104810110 , pp. 15–47.
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↑ . {{ cite book .. .3. title=The Automobile Book .. .3. publisher=Paul Hamlyn Ltd .. .3. year=1967 .. .3. author=Stein , Ralph .. }}
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↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/quotes/internet.asp .3. title=Al Gore on the invention of the internet .3. publisher=Snopes .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009
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. ..
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- {{ cite book .3. last=Carroll .3. first=John Millar .3. title=Designing interaction: psychology at the human-computer interface .3. year=1991 .3. publisher=Cambridge University Press .3. isbn=0-521-40056-2 .3. page=76 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=coY6Aaaaiaaj .3. edition=}} ..
- {{ cite book .3. last=Green .3. first=Joey .3. title=Contrary to Popular Belief: More Than 250 False Facts Revealed .3. year=2005 .3. publisher=Broadway Books .3. isbn=978-0-7679-1992-0 .3. page=20 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ew38Dbyz-Dqc .3. edition=}} ..
- Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://physicsworldarchive.iop.org/index.cfm?action=summary&doc=3 % 2F12 % 2Fphwv3i12a41 % 40pwa-xml&qt= .3. title=Invention – Myth And Reality .3. publisher=Physics World .3. year=1990
↑ . {{ cite journal .3. title=True Myths: James Watt's Kettle , His Condenser , and His Chemistry .3. publisher=Science History Publication Ltd .3. year=2004 .3. bibcode=2004HisSc..42..333M .3. author1=Miller .3. first1=David Philip .3. volume=42 .3. pages=333 .3. journal=History of Science}}
↑ . {{ cite web .3. url=http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/1947/3295/1/Dsto-Rr-0287 % 20Pr.pdf .3. title=An Evolutionary Framework for Experimental Innovation .3. publisher=Australian Government Department of Defence Defence Science and Technology Organisation}}
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↑ . {{ cite web .3. url = http://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2011/05/fake-mac-defender-antivirus-app-scams-users-for-money-cc-numbers.ars .3. title = Fake "Mac Defender" antivirus app scams users for money , Cc numbers .3. date = May 2 , 2011 .3. first=Chris .3. last=Foresman .3. publisher=Ars Technica }}
↑ . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.howstuffworks.com/question314.htm .3. title=How does the toilet in a commercial airliner work? .3. publisher=How Stuff works .3. accessdate=June 27 , 2008
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[1] . {{ cite book .3. last=McKeown .3. first=J.C. .3. title=A Cabinet of Roman Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the World’s Greatest Empire .3. year=2010 .3. publisher=Oxford University Press .3. isbn=0-19-539375-9 , 9780195393750 .3. pages=153–154 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=YgywlMz3ursC&pg=Pa153&dq=vomitorium+misconception#v=onepage&q=vomitorium % 20misconception&f=false .3. ref=harv}}

[2] . {{ cite book .3. last=Fass .3. first=Patrick .3. title=Around the Roman Table .3. year=1994 .3. publisher=University of Chicago Press .3. isbn=978-0-226-23347-5 .3. pages=66–67 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YxglAr17oekC&dq=romans+vomiting+meals+inpublisher % 3Auniversity&q=vomiting+ % 22there+is+no+reason+to+believe % 22#v=snippet&q=vomiting % 20 % 22there % 20is % 20no % 20reason % 20to % 20believe % 22&f=false .3. ref=harv}}

[annals-xv-39-3] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last= Tacitus .3. title=Annals .3. ref=harv s:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 15#39 .3. Xv.39

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[5] . http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2011/05/01/falsehood-if-this-was-the-ston/

[apps.business.ualberta.ca-6] . "Expectations of Life" by H.O. Lancaster as per

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[8] . {{ cite book .3. last=Frank .3. first=F. .3. title=The Invention of the Viking Horned Helmet .3. year=2000 .3. publisher=International Scandinavian and Medieval Studies in Memory of Gerd Wolfgang Weber .3. url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/51267328/Frank-Invention-of-Horned-Helmet .3. ref=harv}}

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[18] . Sale , Kirkpatrick (1991). (( The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy )) . Isbn 978-1-84511-154-0. pp. 204–209

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[20] . National Pasta Association article (( Faqs )) section "Who "invented" pasta?" ; "The story that it was Marco Polo who imported noodles to Italy and thereby gave birth to the country's pasta culture is the most pervasive myth in the history of Italian food." (Dickie 2008 , p. 48).

[21] . S. Serventi , F. Sabban (( La pasta. Storia e cultura di un cibo universale )) , Vii. Economica Laterza 2004

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[54] . White Rock Beverages , "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing! ," BevNet.com , December 18 , 2006.

[bevnet-55] . White Rock Beverages , "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing! ," BevNet.com , December 18 , 2006 . Retrieved January 19 , 2007.

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[85] . (( Sloane )) (1990) 49 A Crim R 270. See also AGENT PROVOCATEUR

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[87] . % 20Embassies % 20and % 20Consulates % 20extraterritoriality % 20Vienna&f=false H. F. van Panhuys: (( International Law in the Netherlands )) , volume 3 , p. 240 - 241

[88] . 'Laws and Rules Regarding Extraterritoriality' on (( integrity-legal.com )) : 'There is a common misconception that Embassies and Consulates have extraterritoriality. As anecdotal evidence of this misconception , people will often say things like , "the Us Embassy sits upon United States soil." For the most part , this is not the case as extraterritoriality is not conferred upon an Embassy or Consulate , but in some situations extraterritoriality may be created by Treaty'.

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[112] . http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/conversate http://www.allwords.com/word-conversate.html .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/conversate .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/funnest .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/fun .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/funnest/ .. http://www.allwords.com/word-funnest.html .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/funnest .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/impactful .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/impactful .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/impactful/ .. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/impactful .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/impactful .. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mentee .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mentee .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/mentee .. http://www.yourdictionary.com/mentee .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/mentee/ .. http://www.allwords.com/word-mentee.html .. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mentee .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/mentee .. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/thusly .. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/thusly .. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/thusly .. http://www.yourdictionary.com/thusly .. http://www.scrabblefinder.com/word/thusly/ .. http://www.allwords.com/word-thusly.html .. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/thusly .. http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/thusly .. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/thusly

[113] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/acronyms/fuck.asp .. .3. title=What the Fuck? .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=July 8 , 2007 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[114] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/apocryph/pluckyew.asp .. .3. title=Pluck Yew .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=July 9 , 2007 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[baloney-115] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/baloney.php .. .3. title=Ingenious Trifling .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[116] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fuck .. .3. title=Fuck .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[117] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. title =Fuck .. .3. encyclopedia=Merriam–Webster .. .3. publisher=Merriam–Webster , Inc .. .3. url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fuck .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[118] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. title =Fuck .. .3. encyclopedia=Webster's New World College Dictionary .. .3. publisher=John Wiley & Sons .. .3. url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/fuck .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[119] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-cra1.htm .. .3. title=Crap .. .3. first=Michael .3. last=Quinion .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. work=World Wide Words .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[120] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/business/names/crapper.asp .. .3. title=Thomas Crapper .. .3. date=May 31 , 2011 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[121] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=crap .. .3. title=Crap .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[122] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2003 .. .3. title=Cropper .. .3. encyclopedia=Dictionary of American Family Names .. .3. publisher=Oxford University Press .. .3. url=http://www.ancestry.com/facts/cropper-family-history.ashx .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[123] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2001 .. .3. title=Crap .. .3. encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language .. .3. publisher=Houghton Mifflin .. .3. url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/crap .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[124] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.lincolnminutemen.org/history/articles/hafner_rule_of_thumb.html .. .3. title=Another Myth in Splinters: "Rule of Thumb" .. .3. first=Donald L. .3. last=Hafner .. .3. year =2002 (updated 2005) .. .3. work= The Dispatch .. .3. publisher=lincolnminutemen.org .. .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .. }}

[125] . {{ cite book .. .3. title=Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women .. .3. publisher=Simon and Schuster .. .3. year=1995 .. .3. first=Christina .3. last=Hoff Sommers .. .3. pages=203–207 , 296–297 .. .3. isbn=0-684-80156-6 .. .3. url= http://books.google.com/books?id=EiutJziqIqAc&pg=Pa203#v=onepage&q=thumb&f=false .. }}

[126] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/acronyms/golf.asp .. .3. title=Golf Carte .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=October 10 , 2006 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[127] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. title=Golf .. .3. encyclopedia=Merriam–Webster .. .3. publisher=Merriam–Webster , Inc .. .3. url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/golf .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[128] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2001 .. .3. title=Golf .. .3. encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language .. .3. publisher=Houghton Mifflin .. .3. url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/golf .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[129] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/gringo.asp .. .3. title=Gringo .. .3. author=Mikkelson , Barbara and David P. .. .3. date=April 13 , 2011 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[130] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://ask.yahoo.com/20000821.html .. .3. title=How Did the Term 'Gringo' Originate? .. .3. date=August 21 , 2000 .. .3. work=Ask Yahoo! .. .3. publisher=Yahoo! Inc .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[131] . {{ cite encyclopedia .. .3. year=2001 .. .3. title=Gringo .. .3. encyclopedia=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language .. .3. url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/gringo .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[snopes420-132] 132,0 ^132,1 . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/420.asp .. .3. title=420 .. .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .. .3. date=June 13 , 2008 .. .3. work=SNOPES.COM .. .3. publisher=Urban Legends Reference Pages .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[133] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.bearcat1.com/radioca.htm .. .3. title=Radio Codes & Signals – California .. .3. work=National Communications Magazine .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[134] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://law.onecle.com/california/penal/420.html .. .3. title=California Penal Code Section 420 .. .3. date=January 15 , 2011 .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[135] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.radiolabs.com/police-codes.html .. .3. title=Police 10/11 and Penal Codes .. .3. year=2010 .. .3. work=RadioLabs .. .3. publisher=RadioLabs International Inc. .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[136] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.yougetinfo.com/Info/PolCodes.html .. .3. title=Police Scanner 10 Codes… .. .3. first=Alfred F. .3. last=Matthews , Jr. .. .3. year=2009 .. .3. publisher=You Get Info .. .3. accessdate=June 17 , 2011 .. }}

[137] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/ye.html .. .3. title=Common Errors in English Usage – Ye .. .3. first=Paul .3. last=Brians .. .3. year=2011 .. .3. work=Common Errors in English Usage .. .3. publisher=Washington State University .. .3. accessdate=June 24 , 2011 .. }}

[138] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ye .. .3. title=Etymology Online .. .3. first=Douglas .3. last=Harper .. .3. year=2001–2010 .. .3. work=Online Etymology Dictionary .. .3. publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary .. .3. accessdate=June 24 , 2011 .. }}

[139] . {{ cite web .. .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0osmAaaamaaj&q=The+concise+usage+and+abusage&dq=The+concise+usage+and+abusage&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=S1AftpiWlsnkiAk_i-22Dq&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CcoQ6AewAa .. .3. title=The Concise Usage and Abusage .. .3. first=Eric .3. last=Partridge .. .3. year=1961 .. .3. work=The Concise Usage and Abusage .. .3. publisher=H. Hamilton .. .3. accessdate=June 24 , 2011 .. }}

[Random_House-140] 140,0 ^140,1 . {{ cite book .3. title= Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language .3. last1= O'Conner .3. first1= Patricia T. .3. last2= Kellerman .3. first2= Stewart .3. year= 2009 .3. publisher= Random House .3. location= New York .3. isbn= 978-1-4000-6660-5 .3. page=77}}

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[142] . {{ cite book .3. title= Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language .3. last1= O'Conner .3. first1= Patricia T. .3. last2= Kellerman .3. first2= Stewart .3. year= 2009 .3. publisher= Random House .3. location= New York .3. isbn= 978-1-4000-6660-5 .3. page=78}}

[143] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title= Common Errors in English Usage .3. edition= 2nd .3. last= Brians .3. first= Paul .3. year= 2009 .3. publisher= William , James & Company .3. location= Wilsonville .3. page=255

[144] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/24mar noseprints/ .3. title=Space Station Astrophotography .3. publisher=NASA .3. date=March 24 , 2003 .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011

[145] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/science/greatwall.asp .3. title=Great Walls of Liar .3. publisher=Snopes.com .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011

[146] . {{ Cite book .3. last=Wolfson .3. first=Richard .3. title=Simply Einstein: relativity demystified .3. publisher=W. W. Norton & Company .3. year=2002 .3. page=261 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=OujwkdlFkeQc&pg=Pa219&lpg=Pa219&dq= % 22black+hole % 22+ % 22misconception % 22+ % 22cosmic+vacuum+cleaner % 22+-wikipedia .3. isbn=0-393-05154-4}}

[147] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://oyc.yale.edu/astronomy/frontiers-and-controversies-in-astrophysics/content/transcripts/transcript09.html .3. title=Frontiers And Controversies In Astrophysics Transcript 9 .3. publisher=YALE UNIVERSITY .3. accessdate=April 26 , 2011}}

[148] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/education/resources/sunearth/section06i.shtml .3. publisher=Adler Planetarium .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071216004548/http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/education/resources/sunearth/section06i.shtml .3. archivedate=December 16 , 2007 .3. title=Sun-Earth Connection .3. accessdate=May 8 , 2009}}

[149] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/outreach/sunearthmiscons.html .3. title=Ten Things You Thought You Knew about Sun-Earth Science .3. publisher=Nasa .3. accessdate=May 8 , 2009

[150] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. author=Contributor: Jt .3. url=http://listverse.com/2007/12/01/top-10-common-misconceptions/ .3. title=Top 10 Common Misconceptions .3. publisher=Listverse.com .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012

[151] . {{ cite news .3. last=Spanney .3. first=Laura .3. title=Not Many People Know That .3. url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519625.100-not-many-people-know-that.html .3. accessdate=November 11 , 2011 .3. newspaper=New Scientist .3. date=January 28 , 1995}}

[152] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.itla.net/index.cfm?sec=Longhorn_Information&con=handling .3. title=Longhorn_Information – handling .3. first=Larry .3. last=Smith Ii .3. publisher=International Texas Longhorn Association .3. year=2007 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010}}

[153] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://iacuc.tennessee.edu/pdf/Policies-AnimalCare/Cattle-BasicCare.pdf .3. format=Pdf .3. title=Cattle – Basic Care .3. first=A. .3. last=Dario .3. date=September 12 , 2003 .3. publisher= IACUC , UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010 .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080625012822/http://iacuc.tennessee.edu/pdf/Policies-AnimalCare/Cattle-BasicCare.pdf .3. archivedate=June 25 , 2008}}

[154] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=GhmrNyjhcrIc&pg=Pa45&lpg=Pa45&dq=cattle+dichromat

[155] . ..
Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Cool Pet Facts - North Shore Animal League America.htm .3. url=http://www.animalleague.org/kids/cool pet facts.html .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 ..

Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Dog noses – myths and facts about your dog's nose – weekly pet tips by Pets.ca .3. url=http://www.pets.ca/dogs/tips/dog-noses-facts-and-myths-pet-tip-115/ .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 ..

{{ cite book .3. last=Varasdi .3. first=J. Allen .3. title=Myth Information .3. year=1989 .3. publisher=Ballantine Books .3. isbn=978-0-345-35985-8 .3. page=267 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Euz0P7x98z0C .3. quote=Dogs do not sweat with their tongues as most people believe. They do have some sweat glands , but the ones of most importance are on the pads , or soles , of their feet.}} ..

{{ cite book .3. last=Segaloff .3. first=Nat .3. title=The Everything tall tales , legends & outrageous lies book .3. year=2001 .3. publisher=Adams Media Corp. .3. isbn=978-1-58062-514-2 .3. page=265 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=03vYaaaamaaj .3. quote=Of course , dogs sweat. You would , too , if you had to wear a fur coat in hot weather. Dogs excrete moisture through the pads on their paws.}} ..

{{ cite book .3. last=Olien .3. first=Michael D. .3. title=The human myth : an introduction to anthropology .3. year=1978 .3. publisher=Harper & Row .3. location=New York .3. isbn=978-0-06-044918-6 .3. page=568 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mvFkaaaayaaj .3. quote=It is another folk tale that dogs do not sweat except through the tongue. This is an incorrect belief as dogs possess sweat glands all over the body.}} ..

{{ cite journal .3. last=Aoki .3. first=T. .3. coauthors=Wada , M. .3. title=Functional Activity of the Sweat Glands in the Hairy Skin of the Dog .3. journal=Science .3. date=August 2 , 1951 .3. volume=114 .3. issue=2953 .3. pages=123–124 .3. doi=10.1126/science.114.2953.123 .3. url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/114/2953/123.short .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 .3. bibcode = 1951Sci...114..123A .3. pmid=14854926 }} ..

{{ cite journal .3. last=Creighton .3. first=C .3. title=Three cases of Tumour arising from Skin-glands in the Dog , showing the connection between disorder of the glandular structure and function , and cancerous invasion of the connective tissue .3. journal=Medico-chirurgical transactions .3. year=1882 .3. volume=65 .3. pages=53–70.3 .3. pmid=20896600 .3. pmc=2121351}} ..

{{ cite journal .3. title=British Medical Journal 1899 April 15 .3. pmc=2462491 .3. location=921–928 .3. quote=Some time ago we received from a correspondent an inquiry as to whether the very prevalent belief that a dog perspires through the tongue was a vulgar error or well founded. ...whether the dog exudes fluid from the tongue of the some kind as that exuded from the human skin. To this question the answer is , No. The skin of the dog is abundantly furnished with glands , having the characteristic disposition and structure of those which in man produce sweat , ... in other words , the dog does not sweat by the tongue.}}

[156] Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Cool Pet Facts - North Shore Animal League America.htm .3. url=http://www.animalleague.org/kids/cool pet facts.html .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 ..

[157] Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Dog noses – myths and facts about your dog's nose – weekly pet tips by Pets.ca .3. url=http://www.pets.ca/dogs/tips/dog-noses-facts-and-myths-pet-tip-115/ .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 ..

[158] {{ cite book .3. last=Varasdi .3. first=J. Allen .3. title=Myth Information .3. year=1989 .3. publisher=Ballantine Books .3. isbn=978-0-345-35985-8 .3. page=267 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Euz0P7x98z0C .3. quote=Dogs do not sweat with their tongues as most people believe. They do have some sweat glands , but the ones of most importance are on the pads , or soles , of their feet.}} ..

[159] {{ cite book .3. last=Segaloff .3. first=Nat .3. title=The Everything tall tales , legends & outrageous lies book .3. year=2001 .3. publisher=Adams Media Corp. .3. isbn=978-1-58062-514-2 .3. page=265 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=03vYaaaamaaj .3. quote=Of course , dogs sweat. You would , too , if you had to wear a fur coat in hot weather. Dogs excrete moisture through the pads on their paws.}} ..

[160] {{ cite book .3. last=Olien .3. first=Michael D. .3. title=The human myth : an introduction to anthropology .3. year=1978 .3. publisher=Harper & Row .3. location=New York .3. isbn=978-0-06-044918-6 .3. page=568 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mvFkaaaayaaj .3. quote=It is another folk tale that dogs do not sweat except through the tongue. This is an incorrect belief as dogs possess sweat glands all over the body.}} ..

[161] {{ cite journal .3. last=Aoki .3. first=T. .3. coauthors=Wada , M. .3. title=Functional Activity of the Sweat Glands in the Hairy Skin of the Dog .3. journal=Science .3. date=August 2 , 1951 .3. volume=114 .3. issue=2953 .3. pages=123–124 .3. doi=10.1126/science.114.2953.123 .3. url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/114/2953/123.short .3. accessdate=May 22 , 2011 .3. bibcode = 1951Sci...114..123A .3. pmid=14854926 }} ..

[162] {{ cite journal .3. last=Creighton .3. first=C .3. title=Three cases of Tumour arising from Skin-glands in the Dog , showing the connection between disorder of the glandular structure and function , and cancerous invasion of the connective tissue .3. journal=Medico-chirurgical transactions .3. year=1882 .3. volume=65 .3. pages=53–70.3 .3. pmid=20896600 .3. pmc=2121351}} ..

[163] {{ cite journal .3. title=British Medical Journal 1899 April 15 .3. pmc=2462491 .3. location=921–928 .3. quote=Some time ago we received from a correspondent an inquiry as to whether the very prevalent belief that a dog perspires through the tongue was a vulgar error or well founded. ...whether the dog exudes fluid from the tongue of the some kind as that exuded from the human skin. To this question the answer is , No. The skin of the dog is abundantly furnished with glands , having the characteristic disposition and structure of those which in man produce sweat , ... in other words , the dog does not sweat by the tongue.}}

[156] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.petplace.com/dogs/how-do-dogs-sweat/page1.aspx .3. title=How Do Dogs Sweat – Page 1 .3. publisher=Petplace.com .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012

[157] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/disney/films/lemmings.asp .3. title=White Wilderness Lemmings Suicide .3. publisher=Snopes .3. date=August 19 , 2007 .3. first=Barbara and David P. .3. last=Mikkelson .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009

[158] . {{ cite journal .3. last=Scott .3. first=W. .3. journal=The Monthly chronicle of North-country lore and legend .3. year=1891 .3. title=The Monthly chronicle of North-country lore and legend: v.1–5 ; Mar. 1887-Dec. 1891 .3. month=November .3. volume=5 .3. page=523 .3. url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W8rUaaaamaaj&pg=Pa523#v=onepage&q&f=false .3. accessdate=January 7 , 2011}}

[159] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.fws.gov/endangered/bats/miscon.htm .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080519095139/http://www.fws.gov/endangered/bats/miscon.htm .3. archivedate=May 19 , 2008 .3. title=Common Misconceptions About Bats .3. work=Endangered Species Program .3. publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service .3. date=November 5 , 2007 .3. accessdate=April 7 , 2009}}

[160] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines/National-Wildlife/Animals/Archives/2003/American-Heritage-Animal-Cliches.aspx .3. title=The Truth About Animal Clichés .3. date=February 1 , 2003 .3. first= Roger .3. last=Di Silvestro .3. publisher=National Wildlife Federation .3. accessdate=October 31 , 2011}}

[161] . {{ cite web .3. title=Blind as a Bat? .3. format=Press release .3. publisher=HOBART AND WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGES .3. location=Geneva , Ny .3. date=June 12 , 2003 .3. url=http://www.collegenews.org/x2682.xml .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080607080055/http://www.collegenews.org/x2682.xml .3. archivedate=June 7 , 2008 .3. accessdate=April 7 , 2009}}

[162] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/11/02/1777947.htm .3. title=Ostrich head in sand .3. author=Kruszelnicki , Karl S. .3. date=November 2 , 2006 .3. work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation .3. accessdate=October 7 , 2011

[163] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.timesunion.com/opinion/article/Maybe-ostriches-are-smarter-1370503.php .3. title=Maybe ostriches are smarter .3. author= Smith , Rex .3. date=May 8 , 2011 .3. work=Albany Times-Union .3. accessdate=October 7 , 2011

[164] . {{ cite news .3. last=Lollar .3. first=Michael .3. title=Fine feathered infirmary for sick songbirds .3. url=http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2008/jun/16/fine-feathered-infirmary-for-sick-songbirds/ .3. accessdate=January 12 , 2011 .3. work=Knox News .3. agent=The Commercial .. Appeal .3. date= June 16 , 2008 .3. accessdate=October 31 , 2011}}

[165] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/critters/wild/babybird.asp .3. title=A Bird in the Hand .3. publisher=Snopes.com .3. first=Barbara .3. last=Mikkelson .3. date=September 27 , 2004 .3. accessdate=January 22 , 2011

[166] . "Alcatraz Escape: Does a Duck's Quack Echo?" MYTHBUSTERS (2003 SEASON)#DOES A DUCK'S QUACK ECHO? .3. (SEASON 1 , EPISODE 8). (( MYTHBUSTERS )) . Discovery Channel. December 12 , 2003.

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[310] . {{ cite journal .3. last=Marshall .3. first=Ij .3. coauthors=Wolfe , Cd ; McKevitt , C .3. title=Lay perspectives on hypertension and drug adherence: systematic review of qualitative research. .3. journal=Bmj (Clinical research ed.) .3. date=2012 Jul 9 .3. volume=345 .3. pages=e3953 .3. pmid=22777025 .3. pmc=3392078}}

[Relax2006-311] . {{ cite journal .3. last=Dickinson .3. first=Ho .3. coauthors=Mason , Jm ; Nicolson , Dj ; Campbell , F ; Beyer , Fr ; Cook , Jv ; Williams , B ; Ford , Ga .3. title=Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. .3. journal=Journal of hypertension .3. date=2006 Feb .3. volume=24 .3. issue=2 .3. pages=215–33 .3. pmid=16508562 .3. doi=10.1097/01.hjh.0000199800.72563.26}}

[312] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Ronald Eccles .3. first=Olaf Weber (eds) .3. title=Common cold .3. page=7 .3. year=2009 .3. publisher=Birkhäuser .3. location=Basel .3. isbn=978-3-7643-9894-1

[313] . {{ cite book .3. last=Rutter .3. first=Paul .3. title=Community pharmacy : symptoms , diagnosis and treatment .3. year=2009 .3. publisher=Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone .3. location=Edinburgh .3. isbn=9780702029950 .3. pages=7 .3. url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=MvlvW6qS2Pac&pg=Pa7&lpg=Pa7 .3. edition=2nd ed.}}

[314] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Understanding Probability: Chance Rules in Everyday Life .3. author=Henk&nbsp ;Tijms .3. publisher=Cambridge University Press .3. year=2007 .3. isbn=978-0-521-70172-3 .3. page=79

[315] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Data Matters: Conceptual Statistics for a Random World .3. author=Maxwell , Nicholas .3. publisher=Key College .3. year=2004 .3. page=63 .3. isbn=1-930190-89-1

[316] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science .3. volume=2 .3. editor=W.&nbsp ;Edward&nbsp ;Craighead , Charles&nbsp ;B.&nbsp ;Nemeroff .3. publisher=Wiley .3. year=2000 .3. page=617 .3. isbn=0-471-24097-4

[317] . {{ cite journal .3. author=J. Michael Shaughnessy .3. title=Misconceptions of probability: An experiment with a small-group , activity-based , model building approach to introductory probability at the college level .3. url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/j59182557r8n4183/ .3. journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics .3. volume=8 .3. issue=3 .3. pages=295–316 .3. doi=10.1007/Bf00385927 .3. year=1977}}

[318] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Greene .3. first=Brian .3. title=The Fabric of the Cosmos .3. year=2004 .3. publisher=Vintage Books .3. page=272

[319] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/BadCoriolis.html .3. first=Alistair .3. last=Frasier .3. title=Bad Coriolis .3. publisher=PENN STATE College of Earth an Materials Sciences .3. work=ems.psu.edu .3. date=October 16 , 1996 .3. accessdate=August 29 , 2009}}

[320] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/science/coriolis.asp .3. title=Coriolis Force Effect on Drains .3. publisher=snopes.com .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010

[BikeGyro-321] 321,0 ^321,1 . ..
Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Bicycling Science .3. edition=Second .3. last=Whitt .3. first=Frank R. .3. first2=David G. .3. last2=Wilson .3. year=1982 .3. publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology .3. isbn=0-262-23111-5 .3. pages=198–233 ..

{{ cite web .3. url=http://www.losethetrainingwheels.org/default.aspx?Lev=2&Id=34 .3. publisher=LoseTheTrainingWheels.org .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061010070125/http://www.losethetrainingwheels.org/default.aspx?Lev=2&Id=34 .3. archivedate=October 10 , 2006 .3. title=Bicycle Science .3. last=Klein .3. first=Richard E. .3. coauthors=et al. .3. accessdate=August 4 , 2006}} ..

{{ Cite journal .3. last1=Jones .3. first1=David E. H. .3. pages=34–40 .3. title=The Stability of the Bicycle .3. volume=23 .3. journal=Physics Today .3. year=1970 .3. url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/ % 7Efajans/Teaching/MoreBikeFiles/JonesBikeBw.pdf .3. doi=10.1063/1.3022064 .3. issue=4}}

[339] Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Bicycling Science .3. edition=Second .3. last=Whitt .3. first=Frank R. .3. first2=David G. .3. last2=Wilson .3. year=1982 .3. publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology .3. isbn=0-262-23111-5 .3. pages=198–233 ..

[340] {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.losethetrainingwheels.org/default.aspx?Lev=2&Id=34 .3. publisher=LoseTheTrainingWheels.org .3. archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061010070125/http://www.losethetrainingwheels.org/default.aspx?Lev=2&Id=34 .3. archivedate=October 10 , 2006 .3. title=Bicycle Science .3. last=Klein .3. first=Richard E. .3. coauthors=et al. .3. accessdate=August 4 , 2006}} ..

[341] {{ Cite journal .3. last1=Jones .3. first1=David E. H. .3. pages=34–40 .3. title=The Stability of the Bicycle .3. volume=23 .3. journal=Physics Today .3. year=1970 .3. url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/ % 7Efajans/Teaching/MoreBikeFiles/JonesBikeBw.pdf .3. doi=10.1063/1.3022064 .3. issue=4}}

[Dcl-322] 322,0 ^322,1 . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.dclxvi.org/chunk/tech/trail/ .3. title=An Introduction to Bicycle Geometry and Handling .3. author=Megulon5 .3. publisher=Dclxvi.org .3. work=Chunk666 .3. quote=negated the gyroscopic action of the front wheel by mounting another wheel on the same axle and spinning it in the opposite direction. He says that it felt strange , but was easily ridable. However , when set in motion without a rider , it collapsed much quicker than normal , and he found it difficult (although not impossible) to ride with his hands off of the handlebars.}}Plantilla:Dubious .3. date=January 2011

[Nasa_Incorrect_Theory1-323] 323,0 ^323,1 . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.grc.nasa.gov/Www/K-12/airplane/wrong1.html .3. title=Incorrect Lift Theory .3. publisher=Nasa Glenn Research Center .3. work=grc.nasa.gov .3. date=July 28 , 2008 .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011 (Java applet).

[324] . "This occurs because of Bernoulli’s principle — fast-moving air has lower pressure than non-moving air." Make Magazine http://makeprojects.com/Project/Origami-Flying-Disk/327/1

[Minnesota-325] . " Faster-moving fluid , lower pressure. ... When the demonstrator holds the paper in front of his mouth and blows across the top , he is creating an area of faster-moving air." University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy http://www.physics.umn.edu/outreach/pforce/circus/Bernoulli.html

[326] . "Bernoulli's Principle states that faster moving air has lower pressure... You can demonstrate Bernoulli's Principle by blowing over a piece of paper held horizontally across your lips." http://www.tallshipschannelislands.com/Pdfs/Educational_Packet.pdf

[327] . "If the lift in figure A were caused by "Bernoulli principle ," then the paper in figure B should droop further when air is blown beneath it. However , as shown , it raises when the upward pressure gradient in downward-curving flow adds to atmospheric pressure at the paper lower surface." Gale M. Craig Physical Principles Of Winged Flight http://www.regenpress.com/aerodynamics.pdf

[328] . "In fact , the pressure in the air blown out of the lungs is equal to that of the surrounding air..." Babinsky http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf/pe3_6_001.pdf

[329] . "...air does not have a reduced lateral pressure (or static pressure...) simply because it is caused to move , the static pressure of free air does not decrease as the speed of the air increases , it misunderstanding Bernoulli's principle to suggest that this is what it tells us , and the behavior of the curved paper is explained by other reasoning than Bernoulli's principle." Peter Eastwell (( Bernoulli? Perhaps , but What About Viscosity? )) The Science Education Review , 6(1) 2007 http://www.scienceeducationreview.com/open_access/eastwell-bernoulli.pdf

[330] . "Make a strip of writing paper about 5 cm X 25 cm. Hold it in front of your lips so that it hangs out and down making a convex upward surface. When you blow across the top of the paper , it rises. Many books attribute this to the lowering of the air pressure on top solely to the Bernoulli effect. Now use your fingers to form the paper into a curve that it is slightly concave upward along its whole length and again blow along the top of this strip. The paper now bends downward...an often-cited experiment which is usually taken as demonstrating the common explanation of lift does not do so..." Jef Raskin (( Coanda Effect: Understanding Why Wings Work )) http://karmak.org/archive/2003/02/coanda_effect.html

[Babinsky2-331] . "Blowing over a piece of paper does not demonstrate Bernoulli’s equation. While it is true that a curved paper lifts when flow is applied on one side , this is not because air is moving at different speeds on the two sides... (( It is false to make a connection between the flow on the two sides of the paper using Bernoulli’s equation. )) " Holger Babinsky How Do Wings Work (( Physics Education 38(6) http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf/pe3_6_001.pdf

[332] . "An explanation based on Bernoulli’s principle is not applicable to this situation , because this principle has nothing to say about the interaction of air masses having different speeds... Also , while Bernoulli’s principle allows us to compare fluid speeds and pressures along a single streamline and... along two different streamlines that originate under identical fluid conditions , using Bernoulli’s principle to compare the air above and below the curved paper in Figure 1 is nonsensical ; in this case , there aren’t any streamlines at all below the paper!" Peter Eastwell )) Bernoulli? Perhaps , but What About Viscosity?(( The Science Education Review 6(1) 2007 http://www.scienceeducationreview.com/open_access/eastwell-bernoulli.pdf

[333] . "The well-known demonstration of the phenomenon of lift by means of lifting a page cantilevered in one’s hand by blowing horizontally along it is probably more a demonstration of the forces inherent in the Coanda effect than a demonstration of Bernoulli’s law ; for , here , an air jet issues from the mouth and attaches to a curved (and , in this case pliable) surface. The upper edge is a complicated vortex-laden mixing layer and the distant flow is quiescent , so that Bernoulli’s law is hardly applicable." David Auerbach )) Why Aircreft Fly(( European Journal of Physics Vol 21 p 289 http://iopscience.iop.org/0143-0807/21/4/302/pdf/0143-0807_21_4_302.pdf

[334] . "Millions of children in science classes are being asked to blow over curved pieces of paper and observe that the paper "lifts"... They are then asked to believe that Bernoulli's theorem is responsible... Unfortunately , the "dynamic lift" involved...is not properly explained by Bernoulli's theorem." Norman F. Smith "Bernoulli and Newton in Fluid Mechanics" )) The Physics Teacher Nov 1972((

[335] . "...if a streamline is curved , there must be a pressure gradient across the streamline , with the pressure increasing in the direction away from the centre of curvature." Babinsky http://iopscience.iop.org/0031-9120/38/6/001/pdf/pe3_6_001.pdf

[336] . "The curved paper turns the stream of air downward , and this action produces the lift reaction that lifts the paper." Norman F. Smith )) Bernoulli , Newton , and Dynamic Lift Part Ii(( School Science and Mathematics vol 73 Issue 4 pg 333 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1973.tb09040.x/pdf

[337] . "The curved surface of the tongue creates unequal air pressure and a lifting action. ... Lift is caused by air moving over a curved surface." )) Aeronautics An Educator’s Guide with Activities in Science , Mathematics , and Technology Education(( by Nasa pg 26 http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/58152main_Aeronautics.Educator.pdf

[338] . "Viscosity causes the breath to follow the curved surface , Newton's first law says there a force on the air and Newton’s third law says there is an equal and opposite force on the paper. Momentum transfer lifts the strip. The reduction in pressure acting on the top surface of the piece of paper causes the paper to rise." )) The Newtonian Description of Lift of a Wing-Revised(( David F. Anderson & Scott Eberhardt http://home.comcast.net/~clipper-108/Lift_Aapt.pdf

[339] . '"Demonstrations" of Bernoulli's principle are often given as demonstrations of the physics of lift. They are truly demonstrations of lift , but certainly not of Bernoulli's principle.' David F Anderson & Scott Eberhardt )) Understanding Flight pg 229 http://books.google.com/books?id=52Hfn7uEgsoC&pg=Pa229

[340] . "As an example , take the misleading experiment most often used to "demonstrate" Bernoulli's principle. Hold a piece of piece of paper so that it curves over your finger , then blow across the top. The paper will rise. However most people do not realize that the paper would Not rise if it was flat , even though you are blowing air across the top of it at a furious rate. Bernoulli's principle does not apply directly in this case. This is because the air on the two sides of the paper did not start out from the same source. The air on the bottom is ambient air from the room , but the air on the top came from your mouth where you actually increased its speed without decreasing its pressure by forcing it out of your mouth. As a result the air on both sides of the flat paper actually has the same pressure , even though the air on the top is moving faster. The reason that a curved piece of paper does rise is that the air from your mouth speeds up even more as it follows the curve of the paper , which in turn lowers the pressure according to Bernoulli." From The Aeronautics File By Max Feil http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nutfrrTxlkMj:www.mat.uc.pt/~pedro/ncientificos/artigos/aeronauticsfile1.ps+&cd=29&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us ..

[341] . "Some people blow over a sheet of paper to demonstrate that the accelerated air over the sheet results in a lower pressure. They are wrong with their explanation. The sheet of paper goes up because it deflects the air , by the Coanda effect , and that deflection is the cause of the force lifting the sheet. To prove they are wrong I use the following experiment: .. If the sheet of paper is pre bend the other way by first rolling it , and if you blow over it than , it goes down. This is because the air is deflected the other way. .. Airspeed is still higher above the sheet , so that is not causing the lower pressure." Pim Geurts. sailtheory.com http://www.sailtheory.com/experiments.html

[342] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2005/ps 3.html .3. title=spinoff 2005-Lightning Often Strikes Twice .3. publisher=Office of the Chief Technologist , Nasa .3. work = Spinoff .3. date=March 25 , 2010 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010

[343] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. author=Staff .3. url=http://weather.weatherbug.com/weather-news/weather-reports.html?story=6571 .3. title=Full weather report story from WeatherBug.com .3. publisher=Weather.weatherbug.com .3. date=May 17 , 2010 .3. accessdate=June 23 , 2010

[344] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://www.misconceptionjunction.com/index.php/2010/10/dropping-a-penny-from-the-top-of-the-empire-state-building-isnt-dangerous/ .3. title=Dropping A Penny From The Top Of The Empire State Building Isn't Dangerous .3. publisher=misconceptionjunction.com}}

[345] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://blog.srmi.biz/energy-saving-tips/residential-heating/thermostat-myths/ .3. title=Thermostat Myths .3. publisher=Saturn Resource Management

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[347] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/photographic-memory/ .3. title=Photographic Memory .3. publisher=indianapublicmedia.org

[348] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.slate.com/id/2140685/ .3. title=Kaavya Syndrome The accused Harvard plagiarist doesn't have a photographic memory. No one does .3. publisher=slate.com

[349] . Plantilla:Cite news .3. url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/12/16/60minutes/main7156877.shtml .3. title=The Gift of Endless Memory .3. publisher=60 MINUTES .3. date=December 19 , 2010 .3. accessdate=November 3 , 2011

[MultiplePersonalities-350] 350,0 ^350,1 . ^{(( Wikipedia:Citation overkill .3. Citation overkill ))} ..
Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Schizophrenia9&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentId=118290 .3. title=Schizophrenia .3. publisher=National Alliance on Mental Illness ..

Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.mha-oc.org/10myths.html .3. title=10 Myths About Mental Illness .3. publisher=Mental Health Association ..

Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.schizophreniasymptoms.com/dispelling the myths.php .3. title=Schizophrenia: Dispelling the Myths .3. publisher=schizophreniasymptoms.com ..

Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.academyofct.org/Library/InfoManage/Guide.asp?FolderId=1097&SessionId= .3. title=Schizophrenia and Cognitive Therapy .3. publisher=Academy of Cognitive Therapy ..

Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://health.discovery.com/tv/psych-week/articles/myths-about-dissociative-identity-disorder.html .3. title=5 Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder .3. publisher=discovery.com ..

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Plantilla:Vcite journal .3. author=Picchioni Mm , Murray Rm .3. title=Schizophrenia .3. journal=Bmj .3. volume=335 .3. issue=7610 .3. pages=91–5 .3. year=2007 .3. month=July .3. pmid=17626963 .3. pmc=1914490 .3. doi=10.1136/bmj.39227.616447.Be

[371] Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Schizophrenia9&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentId=118290 .3. title=Schizophrenia .3. publisher=National Alliance on Mental Illness ..

[372] Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.mha-oc.org/10myths.html .3. title=10 Myths About Mental Illness .3. publisher=Mental Health Association ..

[373] Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.schizophreniasymptoms.com/dispelling the myths.php .3. title=Schizophrenia: Dispelling the Myths .3. publisher=schizophreniasymptoms.com ..

[374] Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.academyofct.org/Library/InfoManage/Guide.asp?FolderId=1097&SessionId= .3. title=Schizophrenia and Cognitive Therapy .3. publisher=Academy of Cognitive Therapy ..

[375] Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://health.discovery.com/tv/psych-week/articles/myths-about-dissociative-identity-disorder.html .3. title=5 Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder .3. publisher=discovery.com ..

[376] Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.thebrainhealth.com/schizophrenia-vs-dissociative-identity-disorder.html .3. title=Schizophrenia vs. Dissociative Identity Disorder .3. publisher=thebrainhealth.com ..

[377] Plantilla:Vcite journal .3. author=Picchioni Mm , Murray Rm .3. title=Schizophrenia .3. journal=Bmj .3. volume=335 .3. issue=7610 .3. pages=91–5 .3. year=2007 .3. month=July .3. pmid=17626963 .3. pmc=1914490 .3. doi=10.1136/bmj.39227.616447.Be

[351] . {{ Cite news .3. last=Cole .3. first=Diane .3. url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060806/14ball.htm .3. title=Contrary to myth , baseball may have had no single inventor .3. publisher=Us News and World Report .3. date=October 4 , 1990 .3. accessdate=August 6 , 2009}}

[352] . {{ Cite news .3. last=Fox .3. first=Butterfield .3. url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/04/nyregion/cooperstown-hoboken-try-new-york-city.html .3. title=Cooperstown? Hoboken? Try New York City .3. work=The New York Times .3. date=October 4 , 1990 .3. accessdate=April 3 , 2009}}

[353] . {{ cite web .3. url=http://r25.jp/magazine/ranking_review/10002000/1112008051512.html .3. title=柔道帯の最高位は、何と紅!? "紅帯"所持者に投げられてきた! .3. language=Japanese .3. publisher=R25.jp .3. date=May 15 , 2008 .3. accessdate=November 11 , 2008 .3. archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080519163156/http://r25.jp/magazine/ranking_review/10002000/1112008051512.html .3. archivedate = May 19 , 2008}}

[354] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=Voices from the University: The Legacy of the Hebrew Bible .3. author=Szpek , Heidi .3. page=92 .3. isbn=978-0-595-25619-8

[355] . {{ cite web .3. title=The Straight Dope: Was the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden an apple? .3. author=Adams , Cecil .3. url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2682/was-the-forbidden-fruit-in-the-garden-of-eden-an-apple .3. accessdate=January 15 , 2010}}

[356] . BABYLONIAN TALMUD , BERAKHOT , 40a

[357] . GENESIS RABBA 15 7

[358] . {{ cite web .3. author= Adams , Cecil .3. url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2682/was-the-forbidden-fruit-in-the-garden-of-eden-an-apple .3. title=Was the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden an apple? .3. publisher=The Straight Dope .3. date=November 24 , 2006 .3. accessdate=February 9 , 2012}}

[359] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://buddhism.about.com/od/buddha/a/laughingbuddha.htm .3. title=The Laughing Buddha .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .3. publisher=about.com

[360] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/snapshot01.htm .3. title=Buddhism – Major Differences .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .3. publisher=Buddhanet.net

[361] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/b3schchn.htm .3. title=The Chinese Buddhist Schools .3. accessdate=January 6 , 2011 .3. publisher==Buddhanet.net

[autogenerated1-362] 362,0 ^362,1 . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Why Jesus Christ Wasn't Born on December 25 .3. url=http://www.gnmagazine.org/booklets/Hh/jcnotborndec25.asp .3. publisher=United Church of God .3. work=gnmagazine.org .3. accessdate=January 13 , 2011 Plantilla:Dead link .3. date=June 2011

[363] . http://www.history.com/topics/christmas

[364] . http://www.whychristmas.com/customs/25th.shtml

[bib-arch.org-365] 365,0 ^365,1 . Plantilla:Cite web .3. url=http://www.bib-arch.org/e-features/christmas.asp .3. title=How December 25 Became Christmas .3. publisher=Biblical Archaeology Review .3. accessdate=December 13 , 2009

[Newton-366] . Newton , Isaac , (( Observations on the Prophecies of Daniel , and the Apocalypse of St. John )) (1733). Ch. Xi. "(( A sun connection is possible because Christians consider Jesus to be the "sun of righteousness" prophesied in Malachi 4:2. )) "

[SolInvictus-367] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. last=Roll .3. first=Susan K. .3. title=Toward the Origins of Christmas .3. publisher=Peeters .3. year=1995 .3. page=130 .3. url=http://books.google.com/?id=6MxpembpjoAc&lpg=Pp1&pg=Pa130
Tighe , William J. (December 2003) , "Calculating Christmas". Touchstone Magazine. (Archived October 31 , 2009).

[368] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. title=(( Iconography of Christian Art , Vol. I )) , 1971 (English translation from German) .3. author=Schiller , G. .3. isbn=0-85331-270-2 .3. page=105

[369] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. last=Mikkelson .3. first=David and Barbara .3. title=Snopes.com – Three Wise Men .3. url=http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/3wisemen.asp .3. accessdate=April 7 , 2009

[370] . Plantilla:Cite book .3. first=Geza .3. last=Vermes .3. authorlink=Geza Vermes .3. title=The Nativity: History and Legend .3. location=London .3. publisher=Penguin .3. year=2006 .3. page=22

[371] . Plantilla:Cite web .3. title=Religion & Ethics – Beliefs: The Immaculate Conception .3. url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/beliefs/immaculateconception.shtml .3. year=2009 .3. publisher=Bbc .3. accessdate=January 5 , 2011

[372] . (( Erratum: The Bbc article errs in its statement of the virgin birth it says "Mary gave birth to Jesus while remaining a virgin" which , as stated , is part of the doctrine of PERPETUAL VIRGINITY. The correct formulation is "that Mary miraculously conceived Jesus while remaining a virgin" as stated in THE WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE ON THE VIRGIN BIRTH OF JESUS )) Retrieved January 5 , 2011.

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