English: Map of the study area in the southern Guiana Shield, showing the tributaries of the Amazonas River in the Northern Pará Drainage System (NPDS), in northern Brazil. The five state protected areas surveyed in the present study are hatched. The dots represent each of the sampling sites in the NPDS. FF = FLOTA Faro; EN = ESEC G-P North; EC = ESEC G-P Centre; FT = FLOTA Trombetas; ES = ESEC G-P South; RM = REBIO Maicuru; FP = FLOTA Paru.