Escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça

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Escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça
Himantura chaophraya
	;
Taxonomia
Super-regne	Eukaryota
Regne	Animalia
Fílum	Chordata
Classe	Chondrichthyes
Ordre	Myliobatiformes
Família	Dasyatidae
Gènere	Himantura
Espècie	Himantura chaophraya ; Monkolprasit i Roberts, 1990
Nomenclatura
Sinònims	Dasyatis chaophraya (Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990); Himantura chaophrya (Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990);

L'escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça (Himantura chaophraya) és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels dasiàtids.^[2]

Descripció[modifica]

Pot arribar a fer 240 cm de llargària màxima i 600 kg de pes.^[3]
Superfície dorsal del disc de color marró.
Vàlvula espiral amb 21 voltes.
Absència d'aleta caudal.
Cua llarga amb forma de fuet.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Reproducció[modifica]

És ovovivípar.^[8]^[9]

Alimentació[modifica]

Menja invertebrats bentònics.^[10]

Hàbitat[modifica]

És un peix d'aigua dolça i salabrosa, demersal, potamòdrom^[11] i de clima tropical (25°N-20°S), el qual habita els fons sorrencs d'estuaris i rius grans.^[4]^[10]

Distribució geogràfica[modifica]

Es troba a les conques dels rius Mekong^[12] i Chao Phraya, l'est de Borneo, Nova Guinea i el nord d'Austràlia.^[4]^[7]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]

Ús comercial[modifica]

Es comercialitza fresc per a consumir-ne la carn i, possiblement també, el cartílag. Els exemplars de grans dimensions es venen en peces tallades d'un kg.^[10]^[24]

Estat de conservació[modifica]

Les seues principals amenaces són la sobrepesca i la contaminació.^[25]

Observacions[modifica]

És verinós per als humans.^[4]

Referències[modifica]

↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
↑ Last, P.R. i J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Austràlia. 513 p.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 FishBase (anglès)
↑ Kottelat, M., 1998. Fishes of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins, Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 9(1): 1-128.
↑ Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Kottelat, M., 2001. Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p.
↑ Dulvy, N.K. i J.D. Reynolds, 1997. Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315.
↑ Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 Rainboth, W.J., 1996.
↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
↑ Roberts, T.R., 1993. Artisanal fisheries and fish ecology below the great waterfalls of the Mekong River in southern Laos. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 41:31-62.
↑ Morgan, D.L., M.G. Allen, P. Bedford i M. Horstman, 2004. Fish fauna of the Fritzoy river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia - including the Bunuba, Gooniyandi, Ngarinyin, Nyikina and Walmajarri Aboriginal names. Records of the Western Australian Museum 22:147-161.
↑ Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
↑ Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley i M. Allen, 2002. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Austràlia Occidental. 394 p.
↑ Baird, I.G., V. Inthaphaisy, P. Kisouvannalath, B. Phylavanh i B. Mounsouphom, 1999. The fishes of southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laos. 161 p.
↑ Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2009. Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p.
↑ Kottelat, M. i A.J. Whitten, 1996. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi: additions and corrections. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 8 p.
↑ Last, P.R. i L.J.V. Compagno, 1999. Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma.
↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
↑ Taniuchi, T., 1998. Preliminary report on freshwater stingrays in Thailand and Laos. P. 7-33. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.
↑ Vidthayanon, C., 2005. Thailand red data: fishes. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 108 p.
↑ Wongrat, P., 1998. Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. P. 35-40. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.
↑ White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi, 2006. Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. (Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia). Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Austràlia.
↑ Stone, R., 2007. The last of the leviathans. Science 316:1684-1688.

Bibliografia[modifica]

Baillie, J. i B. Groombridge (eds.), 1996. 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa. 378 p.
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. A W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland, Estats Units.
Eschmeyer, William N., 1990: Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8.

Enllaços externs[modifica]

BioLib (anglès)
AQUATAB
Animal Diversity Web (anglès)

[1] Catalogue of Life (anglès)

[2] The Taxonomicon (anglès)

[3] Last, P.R. i J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Austràlia. 513 p.

[FishBase-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 FishBase (anglès)

[5] Kottelat, M., 1998. Fishes of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins, Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 9(1): 1-128.

[6] Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.

[Maurice-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Kottelat, M., 2001. Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p.

[8] Dulvy, N.K. i J.D. Reynolds, 1997. Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315.

[9] Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.

[Rainboth-10] 10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 Rainboth, W.J., 1996.

[11] Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.

[12] Roberts, T.R., 1993. Artisanal fisheries and fish ecology below the great waterfalls of the Mekong River in southern Laos. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 41:31-62.

[13] Morgan, D.L., M.G. Allen, P. Bedford i M. Horstman, 2004. Fish fauna of the Fritzoy river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia - including the Bunuba, Gooniyandi, Ngarinyin, Nyikina and Walmajarri Aboriginal names. Records of the Western Australian Museum 22:147-161.

[14] Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.

[15] Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley i M. Allen, 2002. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Austràlia Occidental. 394 p.

[16] Baird, I.G., V. Inthaphaisy, P. Kisouvannalath, B. Phylavanh i B. Mounsouphom, 1999. The fishes of southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laos. 161 p.

[17] Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2009. Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p.

[18] Kottelat, M. i A.J. Whitten, 1996. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi: additions and corrections. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 8 p.

[19] Last, P.R. i L.J.V. Compagno, 1999. Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma.

[20] Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.

[21] Taniuchi, T., 1998. Preliminary report on freshwater stingrays in Thailand and Laos. P. 7-33. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.

[22] Vidthayanon, C., 2005. Thailand red data: fishes. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 108 p.

[23] Wongrat, P., 1998. Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. P. 35-40. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.

[24] White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi, 2006. Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. (Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia). Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Austràlia.

[25] Stone, R., 2007. The last of the leviathans. Science 316:1684-1688.

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