Prefectures del Japó
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Les prefectures (都道府県 Todōfuken) són les 47 jurisdiccions territorials que conformen el Japó, com a divisions administratives de primer nivell. Són 43 prefectures rurals (県 ken), dues prefectures urbanes (府 fu, Osaka i Kyoto), un "circuit" o "província" (道 dō, Hokkaido) i una metròpoli, (都 to), Tòquio).[1][2]
Aquesta divisió va ser establerta pel govern Meiji el 1868[3] i va substituir els han amb administradors rurals i urbans en les parts del país que havia controlat directament el shogunat Tokugawa. Tot i que inicialment foren creades unes 300 prefectures, aquest nombre va anar disminuint fins a un total de 47 l'any 1888. La Llei del Govern Local del 1947 atorgà més poder polític a les prefectures i les proveí de la capacitat d'escollir governadors mitjançant eleccions locals.[4]
Cada prefectura se subdivideix en ciutats (市 shi), viles (町 chō), i districtes rurals (郡 gun). Algunes prefectures tenen, a més, delegacions (支庁 shichō) que duen a terme funcions administratives de la prefectura fora de la capital. A Hokkaido, aquestes delegacions s'anomenen subprefectures.
Llista de prefectures
[modifica]| Prefectura | Japonès | Capital | Regió | Illa | Població ¹ | Àrea ² | Dens. 3 | Distr. | Municip. | ISO 3166-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aichi | 愛知県 | Nagoya | Chubu | Honshu | 7.043.235 | 5.153,81 | 1.366 | 15 | 88 | JP-23 |
| Akita | 秋田県 | Akita | Tohoku | Honshu | 1.189.215 | 11.612,11 | 102 | 9 | 69 | JP-05 |
| Aomori | 青森県 | Aomori | Tohoku | Honshu | 1.475.635 | 9.606,26 | 154 | 8 | 67 | JP-02 |
| Chiba | 千葉県 | Chiba | Kanto | Honshu | 5.926.349 | 5.156,15 | 1.149 | 9 | 80 | JP-12 |
| Ehime | 愛媛県 | Matsuyama | Shikoku | Shikoku | 1.493.126 | 5.676,44 | 263 | 11 | 70 | JP-38 |
| Fukui | 福井県 | Fukui | Chubu | Honshu | 828.960 | 4.188,76 | 198 | 10 | 35 | JP-18 |
| Fukuoka | 福岡県 | Fukuoka | Kyushu | Kyushu | 5.015.666 | 4.971,01 | 1.009 | 17 | 97 | JP-40 |
| Fukushima | 福島県 | Fukushima | Tohoku | Honshu | 2.126.998 | 13.782,54 | 154 | 15 | 90 | JP-07 |
| Gifu | 岐阜県 | Gifu | Chubu | Honshu | 2.107.687 | 10.598,18 | 199 | 17 | 99 | JP-21 |
| Gunma | 群馬県 | Maebashi | Kanto | Honshu | 2.024.820 | 6.363,16 | 318 | 12 | 70 | JP-10 |
| Hiroshima | 広島県 | Hiroshima | Chugoku | Honshu | 2.878.949 | 8.476,95 | 340 | 15 | 86 | JP-34 |
| Hokkaido | 北海道 | Sapporo | Hokkaido | Hokkaido | 5.682.950 | 83.452,47 | 68 | 66 | 212 | JP-01 |
| Hyogo | 兵庫県 | Kobe | Kinki | Honshu | 5.550.742 | 8.392,42 | 661 | 19 | 88 | JP-28 |
| Ibaraki | 茨城県 | Mito | Kanto | Honshu | 2.985.424 | 6.095,62 | 490 | 14 | 84 | JP-08 |
| Ishikawa | 石川県 | Kanazawa | Chubu | Honshu | 1.180.935 | 4.185,32 | 282 | 8 | 41 | JP-17 |
| Iwate | 岩手県 | Morioka | Tohoku | Honshu | 1.416.198 | 15.278,51 | 93 | 12 | 59 | JP-03 |
| Kagawa | 香川県 | Takamatsu | Shikoku | Shikoku | 1.022.843 | 1.861,70 | 549 | 7 | 43 | JP-37 |
| Kagoshima | 鹿児島県 | Kagoshima | Kyushu | Kyushu | 1.786.214 | 9.132,42 | 196 | 12 | 96 | JP-46 |
| Kanagawa | 神奈川県 | Yokohama | Kanto | Honshu | 8.489.932 | 2.415,42 | 3.515 | 7 | 37 | JP-14 |
| Kōchi | 高知県 | Kōchi | Shikoku | Shikoku | 813.980 | 7.104,70 | 115 | 7 | 53 | JP-39 |
| Kumamoto | 熊本県 | Kumamoto | Kyushu | Kyushu | 1.859.451 | 6.908,45 | 269 | 11 | 94 | JP-43 |
| Kyoto | 京都府 | Kyoto | Kinki | Honshu | 2.644.331 | 4.612,93 | 573 | 12 | 44 | JP-26 |
| Mie | 三重県 | Tsu | Kinki | Honshu | 1.857.365 | 5.760,72 | 322 | 14 | 69 | JP-24 |
| Miyagi | 宮城県 | Sendai | Tohoku | Honshu | 2.365.204 | 6.861,51 | 325 | 15 | 71 | JP-04 |
| Miyazaki | 宮崎県 | Miyazaki | Kyushu | Kyushu | 1.170.023 | 6.684,67 | 175 | 8 | 44 | JP-45 |
| Nagano | 長野県 | Nagano | Chubu | Honshu | 2.214.409 | 12.598,48 | 163 | 16 | 120 | JP-20 |
| Nagasaki | 長崎県 | Nagasaki | Kyushu | Kyushu | 1.516.536 | 4.092,80 | 371 | 9 | 79 | JP-42 |
| Nara | 奈良県 | Nara | Kinki | Honshu | 1.442.862 | 3.691,09 | 391 | 8 | 47 | JP-29 |
| Niigata | 新潟県 | Niigata | Chubu | Honshu | 2.475.724 | 12.582,37 | 197 | 16 | 111 | JP-15 |
| Oita | 大分県 | Oita | Kyushu | Kyushu | 1.221.128 | 5.804,24 | 210 | 12 | 58 | JP-44 |
| Okayama | 岡山県 | Okayama | Chugoku | Honshu | 1.950.656 | 7.008,63 | 278 | 18 | 78 | JP-33 |
| Okinawa | 沖縄県 | Naha | Kyushu | Okinawa | 1.318.281 | 2.271,30 | 580 | 5 | 53 | JP-47 |
| Osaka | 大阪府 | Osaka | Kinki | Honshu | 8.804.806 | 1.893,18 | 4.652 | 5 | 44 | JP-27 |
| Saga | 佐賀県 | Saga | Kyushu | Kyushu | 876.664 | 2.439,23 | 359 | 8 | 49 | JP-41 |
| Saitama | 埼玉県 | Saitama | Kanto | Honshu | 6.938.004 | 3.767,09 | 1.827 | 9 | 90 | JP-11 |
| Shiga | 滋賀県 | Otsu | Kinki | Honshu | 1.342.811 | 4.017,36 | 334 | 11 | 50 | JP-25 |
| Shimane | 島根県 | Matsue | Chugoku | Honshu | 761.499 | 6.707,32 | 114 | 12 | 59 | JP-32 |
| Shizuoka | 静岡県 | Shizuoka | Chubu | Honshu | 3.767.427 | 7.328,61 | 484 | 12 | 74 | JP-22 |
| Tochigi | 栃木県 | Utsunomiya | Kanto | Honshu | 2.004.787 | 6.408,28 | 313 | 7 | 49 | JP-09 |
| Tokushima | 徳島県 | Tokushima | Shikoku | Shikoku | 823.997 | 4.145,26 | 199 | 10 | 50 | JP-36 |
| Tòquio | 東京都 | Shinjuku | Kanto | Honshu | 12.059.237 | 2.187,08 | 5.514 | 1 | 39 | JP-13 |
| Tottori | 鳥取県 | Tottori | Chugoku | Honshu | 613.229 | 3.507,19 | 175 | 6 | 39 | JP-31 |
| Toyama | 富山県 | Toyama | Chubu | Honshu | 1.120.843 | 4.247,22 | 264 | 7 | 35 | JP-16 |
| Wakayama | 和歌山県 | Wakayama | Kinki | Honshu | 1.069.839 | 4.725,55 | 226 | 7 | 50 | JP-30 |
| Yamagata | 山形県 | Yamagata | Tohoku | Honshu | 1.244.040 | 9.323,34 | 133 | 9 | 44 | JP-06 |
| Yamaguchi | 山口県 | Yamaguchi | Chugoku | Honshu | 1.528.107 | 6.110,76 | 250 | 11 | 56 | JP-35 |
| Yamanashi | 山梨県 | Kofu | Chubu | Honshu | 888.170 | 4.465,37 | 199 | 8 | 64 | JP-19 |
Referències
[modifica]- ↑ Louis-Frédéric. «Provinces and prefectures». A: Japan Encyclopedia (en anglès). Harvard University Press, 2002, p. 780. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Braibanti, Ralph J. D. «Administration of Military Government in Japan at the Prefectural Level» (en anglès). American Political Science Review, 43, 2, 4-1949, p. 250–274. DOI: 10.2307/1950382. ISSN: 1537-5943.
- ↑ Mori, Kenji. «The development of the modern koseki». A: David Chapman, Karl Jakob Krogness (eds). Japan's Household Registration System and Citizenship. Routledge, 2014, p. 59-76. DOI 10.4324/9781315889757-4/development-modern-koseki-kenji-mori-karl-jakob-krogness. ISBN 978-1-315-88975-7.
- ↑ Yoshiaki, Yoshida. «Authority of the National and Local Governments under the Constitution | Office of Justice Programs». Law & Contemp. Probs, 1990. [Consulta: 9 juny 2024].
