Rèpliques i derivats de la Torre Eiffel

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
La Torre Eiffel original de París. Aquest article parla de rèpliques i derivats d'aquest edifici.

Una de les estructures més emblemàtiques i reconeixibles del món, la Torre Eiffel, acabada el 1889, ha estat la inspiració per a la creació de més de 50 torres similars a tot el món. La majoria no són rèpliques exactes, tot i que n'hi ha moltes que s'hi assemblen molt, mentre que d'altres semblen lleugerament diferents. La Torre Eiffel també ha inspirat altres torres que no s'assemblen a rèpliques i, per tant, no figuren aquí, per exemple la Torre de Blackpool .

Rèpliques d'alçada coneguda[modifica]

La torre té 330 metres (1,083 ft) alt. Altres torres inspirades en Eiffel s'enumeren a la taula en ordre descendent d'escala i alçada,:

Nom País Ubicació Alçada Escala Coordenades Notes Imatge
Watkin's Tower Regne Unit Wembley, Greater London 358 m (1,175 ft) planned height escala 1:1 51° 33′ 20″ N, 0° 16′ 46″ O / 51.55556°N,0.27944°O / 51.55556; -0.27944 (Watkins Tower (demolished)) Mai acabat: la construcció va començar el 1891, enderrocada el 1907.
Dragon Tower Xina Harbin, Heilongjiang 336 m (1,102 ft) escala 1:1 45° 44′ 45.55″ N, 126° 40′ 28″ E / 45.7459861°N,126.67444°E / 45.7459861; 126.67444 (Dragon Tower) Torre de comunicacions
Tokyo Tower Japó Minato, Tokyo 332.5 m (1,091 ft) escala 1:1 35° 39′ 31″ N, 139° 44′ 44″ E / 35.65861°N,139.74556°E / 35.65861; 139.74556 (Tokyo Tower) El seu arquitecte també va dissenyar la torre de televisió de Sapporo
Nagoya TV Tower Japó Nagoya 180 m (591 ft) escala 1:2 35° 10′ 20″ N, 136° 54′ 30″ E / 35.17222°N,136.90833°E / 35.17222; 136.90833 (Nagoya TV Tower) Encara que principalment és una torre de comunicacions, també compta amb dos restaurants i una plataforma d'observació a l'aire lliure; acabat el 1954.
New Brighton Tower Regne Unit New Brighton, Merseyside 173 m (568 ft) escala 1:2 53° 26′ 12.37″ N, 3° 02′ 11.03″ O / 53.4367694°N,3.0363972°O / 53.4367694; -3.0363972 (New Brighton Tower) Acabada el 1900, enderrocada el 1921
Las Vegas Eiffel Tower Estats Units Las Vegas, Nevada 164.6 m (540 ft) escala 1:2 36° 6′ 45″ N, 115° 10′ 20″ O / 36.11250°N,115.17222°O / 36.11250; -115.17222 (Paris Las Vegas Eiffel Tower) Paris Las Vegas hotel/casino a Las Vegas Strip
Ismaning Radio Tower Alemanya Ismaning, Bavaria 163 m (535 ft) escala 1:2 48° 15′ 1″ N, 11° 45′ 0″ E / 48.25028°N,11.75000°E / 48.25028; 11.75000 (Ismaning Radio Tower (demolished)) Torre de ràdio de fusta utilitzada per a la transmissió d'ona mitjana. Enderrocat l'any 1983
Panamanian Eiffel Tower(xinès) Panamà Panama City 162 m (531 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:2 09° 00′ 35″ N, 79° 29′ 38″ O / 9.00972°N,79.49389°O / 9.00972; -79.49389 (Tower of Franco-Panamanian Friendship) Construïda el 2019-2021, una de les rèpliques més properes de la torre Eiffel a escala 1:2. Només el consell té una forma lleugerament modificada per evitar problemes internacionals de drets d'autor. Construït amb inversió del govern francès per commemorar la primera participació francesa en la planificació d'un canal a Panamà .
Funkturm Berlin Alemanya Berlin 150 m (492 ft) escala 1:2 52° 30′ 18.2″ N, 13° 16′ 41.45″ E / 52.505056°N,13.2781806°E / 52.505056; 13.2781806 (Funkturm Berlin) Torre de radiodifusió construïda els anys 1924 i 1926, ja no funciona com a tal; fita cívica amb restaurant i mirador
The Parisian Macau Cotai Strip, Macau 150 m (492 ft) escala 1:2 22° 08′ 37″ N, 113° 33′ 46″ E / 22.14364°N,113.56283°E / 22.14364; 113.56283 (Tower at The Parisian, Cotai Strip, Macau) Completed and opened on 13 September 2016
Eiffel Tower Xina Shenzhen 108 m (354 ft) escala 1:3 22° 32′ 13.33″ N, 113° 58′ 9.51″ E / 22.5370361°N,113.9693083°E / 22.5370361; 113.9693083 (Window of the Worlds Eiffel Tower) Dominant structure at Window of the World, a collection of nearly 130 reproductions of famous tourist attractions, opened 1993
Eiffel Tower of Tianducheng Community Xina Hangzhou 108 m (354 ft) escala 1:3[1][2] 30° 23′ 6.72″ N, 120° 14′ 36.60″ E / 30.3852000°N,120.2435000°E / 30.3852000; 120.2435000 (Tianducheng Eiffel Tower) Central feature of Tianducheng, a Paris-themed housing development, home to some 50,000 people[3]
Eiffel Tower Estats Units Mason, Ohio 101 m (331 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:3 39° 20′ 36″ N, 84° 16′ 1″ O / 39.34333°N,84.26694°O / 39.34333; -84.26694 (Kings Island Eiffel Tower)[4] Kings Island amusement park
Eiffel Tower Estats Units Doswell, Virginia 101 m (331 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:3 37° 50′ 23″ N, 77° 26′ 43″ O / 37.83972°N,77.44528°O / 37.83972; -77.44528 (Kings Dominion Eiffel Tower) Kings Dominion amusement park
Metallic tower of Fourvière França Lyon 101 m (331 ft) escala 1:4 45° 45′ 49.57″ N, 4° 49′ 20.16″ E / 45.7637694°N,4.8222667°E / 45.7637694; 4.8222667 (Metallic tower of Fourvière) Built between 1892 and 1894 as observation tower; now used solely for communications.
Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town Lahore Paquistan Bahria Town Lahore. Lahore 80 m (262 ft) escala 1:4 31° 21′ 20.83″ N, 74° 11′ 5.27″ E / 31.3557861°N,74.1847972°E / 31.3557861; 74.1847972 (Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town Lahore) Constructed in 2014 as a focal point for a housing estate
Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town Karachi[5] Paquistan Bahria Town Karachi, Karachi 80 m (262 ft) escala 1:4 25° 8′ 11.52″ N, 67° 21′ 0.77″ E / 25.1365333°N,67.3502139°E / 25.1365333; 67.3502139 (Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town Karachi) Construction started in 2019 and opened for public visits on 31 December 2020.
Torre del Reformador Guatemala Guatemala City 75 m (246 ft) escala 1:5 14° 36′ 46.9″ N, 90° 31′ 0.49″ O / 14.613028°N,90.5168028°O / 14.613028; -90.5168028 (Torre del Reformador) Erected in 1935
Tsūtenkaku ("Tower Reaching Heaven") Japó Osaka 64 m (210 ft) escala 1:6 34° 39′ 08″ N, 135° 30′ 22″ E / 34.65222°N,135.50611°E / 34.65222; 135.50611 (Tsūtenkaku) At Luna Park; destroyed by fire 1945, replaced with a different design
Petřín Lookout Tower República Txeca Prague 63.5 m (208 ft) escala 1:6 50° 05′ 0.76″ N, 14° 23′ 42.18″ E / 50.0835444°N,14.3950500°E / 50.0835444; 14.3950500 (Petřínská rozhledna) Built in 1891 as an observation tower with octagonal plan; now also used for communications.
Torre Eiffel Mèxic Gómez Palacio, Durango 58 m (190 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:6 25° 32′ 59.50″ N, 103° 28′ 44.68″ O / 25.5498611°N,103.4790778°O / 25.5498611; -103.4790778 (Torre Eiffel) Donated by the French-speaking community of Gómez Palacio in 2007
Eiffel Tower Romania Slobozia 54 m (177 ft) escala 1:6 44° 33′ 27″ N, 27° 19′ 59″ E / 44.55750°N,27.33306°E / 44.55750; 27.33306 (Slobozia Eiffel Tower) Erected as part of a private tourist complex
Eiffel Tower Rússia Parizh, Chelyabinsk Oblast 50 m (164 ft) escala 1:6 53° 17′ 51.02″ N, 60° 5′ 59.46″ E / 53.2975056°N,60.0998500°E / 53.2975056; 60.0998500 (Parizh Eiffel Tower) Built by South Ural Cell Telephone company as a cellphone tower
AWA Tower Austràlia Sydney, New South Wales 46 m (151 ft) escala 1:6 33° 52′ 1″ S, 151° 12′ 20″ E / 33.86694°S,151.20556°E / -33.86694; 151.20556 (AWA Tower) Communications tower sits atop 12-story building, completed in 1939
Bordeaux Tower Estats Units Fayetteville, North Carolina 45 m (148 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:6 35° 1′ 48″ N, 78° 55′ 50″ O / 35.03000°N,78.93056°O / 35.03000; -78.93056 (Fayetville Eiffel Tower) Built as part of a shopping center
Copenhagen Zoo Tower Dinamarca Copenhagen 43.5 m (143 ft) escala 1:6 55° 40′ 19.16″ N, 12° 31′ 24.70″ E / 55.6719889°N,12.5235278°E / 55.6719889; 12.5235278 (Copenhagen Zoo Tower) Built in 1905, it is one of the world's tallest observation towers built of wood
Tour d'Eiffel de Fes Marroc Fez 39 m (128 ft) escala1:9 Built in 2012 to honor the bond between the cities of Fez and Paris, but reported to have been removed in 2016[6]
Bamboo Eiffel Tower Indonèsia Tasikmalaya Regency 36 m (118 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:9 (Aproximadament) Bamboo structure, in honor of the coronation of Queen Wilhelmina; designed by A. H. van Bebber
Eiffel Tower Ucraina Kharkiv 35 m (115 ft) escala 1:9 (Aproximadament) 49° 59′ 23.91″ N, 36° 17′ 21.91″ E / 49.9899750°N,36.2894194°E / 49.9899750; 36.2894194 (Eiffel tower) Associated with a French-themed shopping mall.
Eyffela[7][8] França Chambretaud, Chanverrie 33 m (108 ft)[8] escala 1:10 46° 55′ 20″ N, 0° 57′ 45″ O / 46.92222°N,0.96250°O / 46.92222; -0.96250 (Eyffela) Built to put Chambretaud on the map and to attract tourists from nearby Puy du Fou.[7] Material: iron; weight: 32 tons.[8]
Golden Sands Eiffel Tower Bulgària Varna 32.4 m (106 ft) escala 1:10 (Aproximadament) 43° 17′ 3.91″ N, 28° 2′ 39.08″ E / 43.2844194°N,28.0441889°E / 43.2844194; 28.0441889 (Golden Sands Eiffel Tower) Built in the resort town as a tourist attraction
Malayer Eiffel Tower Iran Malayer, Hamadan 32 m (105 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:10 34° 18′ 58″ N, 48° 48′ 59″ E / 34.31611°N,48.81639°E / 34.31611; 48.81639 (Malayer mini world tower) Malayer mini world with 138 historical monuments (under construction)
Paris Center Eiffel Tower Israel Netivot 32 m (105 ft)[9][10] escala 1:10 31° 25′ 3.05″ N, 34° 35′ 41.6″ E / 31.4175139°N,34.594889°E / 31.4175139; 34.594889 (Paris Center, Netivot) Situated at Paris (Shriki) Center in the southern city of Netivot.
Eiffel Tower Espanya Parque Europa, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 30.4 m (100 ft)[11] escala 1:10 (Aproximadament) 40° 26′ 22.8″ N, 3° 27′ 35.2″ O / 40.439667°N,3.459778°O / 40.439667; -3.459778 (Parque Europa, Réplica Torre Eiffel) Completed in 2010; part of an $18m replica theme park.[12]
Kish Eiffel Tower Iran Kish Island 30 m (98 ft) escala 1:10 26° 32′ 13″ N, 54° 01′ 14″ E / 26.53694°N,54.02056°E / 26.53694; 54.02056 (Kish) Completed in September 2018 in Pardis 1 Shopping Center.
Eiffel Tower Belarús Paryž, Vitebsk Oblast 30 m (98 ft)[13]

(Aproximadament)

escala 1:10 (Aproximadament) 55° 09′ 22″ N, 27° 23′ 08″ E / 55.156038°N,27.385659°E / 55.156038; 27.385659 Has a cross at its top. Designed by ksyondz (Catholic minister) Yuosaz Bulka. Has a sculpture of Mary Magdalene and 2 sculptures of angels nearby.[13]
Eiffel Tower Uzbekistan Samarkand 30 m (98 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:10 39° 39′ 39″ N, 66° 54′ 28″ E / 39.6608913°N,66.9077280°E / 39.6608913; 66.9077280 (Samarkand) Sogdian Park.
Filiatra Eiffel Tower Grècia Filiatra, Messinia 26 m (85 ft) escala 1:18 37° 09′ 44″ N, 21° 34′ 59″ E / 37.1621591°N,21.5829313°E / 37.1621591; 21.5829313 (Filiatra Eiffel Tower) At the entrance of the village,[14][15] donated in 1960 by Charalambos Fournarakis[16]
Eiffel Tower Estats Units Epcot theme park, Lake Buena Vista, Florida 23 m (75 ft) 1:14 (1:10)[17] 28° 22′ 6.86″ N, 81° 33′ 11.89″ O / 28.3685722°N,81.5533028°O / 28.3685722; -81.5533028 (EPCOT Eiffel Tower) Part of the France Pavilion at Epcot, Walt Disney World; opened in 1982
Monte Amiata Summit Cross Itàlia Amiata 22 m (72 ft) escala 1:15 42° 53′ 16.59″ N, 11° 37′ 30.08″ E / 42.8879417°N,11.6250222°E / 42.8879417; 11.6250222 (Monte Amiata Summit Cross) Summit cross
Paris, Texas Eiffel Tower Estats Units Paris, Texas 20 m (66 ft) escala 1:16 33° 38′ 23.52″ N, 95° 31′ 25.92″ O / 33.6398667°N,95.5238667°O / 33.6398667; -95.5238667 (Paris (Texas) Eiffel Tower) Tower constructed in 1993; the hat was added in 1998
Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee) Estats Units Paris, Tennessee 18.25 m (60 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:20 36° 17′ 12.94″ N, 88° 18′ 5.41″ O / 36.2869278°N,88.3015028°O / 36.2869278; -88.3015028 (Paris, Tennessee Eiffel Tower) Dedicated on 29 January 1993
Kyiv's Eiffel Tower Ucraina Kyiv 16 m (52 ft) escala 1:20 50° 25′ 04″ N, 30° 31′ 45″ E / 50.417645°N,30.529050°E / 50.417645; 30.529050 (Kyiv's Eiffel Tower) Built as a part of residential complex "French quartal" in 2015
Krasnoyarsk Eiffel Tower Rússia Krasnoiarsk 14.8 m (49 ft) escala 1:22 56° 02′ 17″ N, 92° 54′ 43″ E / 56.038056°N,92.911944°E / 56.038056; 92.911944 (Krasnoyarsk Eiffel Tower)
Milwaukee School of Engineering Eiffel Tower Estats Units Milwaukee, Wisconsin 13 m (43 ft) escala 1:25 Temporary model designed and erected by Milwaukee School of Engineering students for the annual Bastille Days festival in Cathedral Square Park for four days every July
Europe Eiffel Tower Bèlgica Brussel·les 12.96 m (42.5 ft) escala 1:25 50° 53′ 39.44″ N, 4° 20′ 21.16″ E / 50.8942889°N,4.3392111°E / 50.8942889; 4.3392111 (Mini Europe Eiffel Tower) Mini-Europe
Kabardinka Eiffel Tower Rússia Kabardinka 12 m (39 ft) escala 1:25 44° 38′ 59″ N, 37° 55′ 54″ E / 44.6497327°N,37.9316336°E / 44.6497327; 37.9316336 (Kabardinka Eiffel Tower) Built in 2014 in the resort town as a tourist attraction[18]
Kota Eiffel Tower Índia Kota, Rajasthan 12 m (39 ft) escala 1:25 25° 10′ 50″ N, 75° 50′ 47″ E / 25.180476°N,75.846518°E / 25.180476; 75.846518 (Miniature Eiffel Tower) Feature of Seven Wonders Park, Kota
Eiffel Tower Japó Tochigi Prefecture 12 m (39 ft) escala 1:25 36° 48′ 24″ N, 139° 42′ 44″ E / 36.806637°N,139.712172°E / 36.806637; 139.712172 (Tobu World Square Eiffel Tower) At Tobu World Square. The park also has a replica of the Tokyo Tower.
Brisbane Eiffel Tower Austràlia Brisbane, Queensland 12 m (39 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:25 27° 28′ 14″ S, 153° 00′ 17″ E / 27.470686°S,153.004690°E / -27.470686; 153.004690 (Brisbane Eiffel Tower) Landmark among the sidewalk tables of La Dolce Vita café on Park Rd, Milton which offers Italian cuisine.
Minimundus Àustria Klagenfurt 12 m (39 ft) escala 1:25 46° 37′ 11″ N, 14° 15′ 52″ E / 46.61972°N,14.26444°E / 46.61972; 14.26444 (Minimundus) Part of a miniature park[19]
Phú sinh cát tường Eiffel Tower Vietnam Long An province 11 m (36 ft) escala 1:30 10° 54′ 01″ N, 106° 27′ 43″ E / 10.900408°N,106.461936°E / 10.900408; 106.461936 (Phú sinh cát tường Eiffel Tower) Part of a miniature park, 7 Wonders of the World
Meccano model Estats Units Atlanta, Georgia 11 m (36 ft)[20] escala 1:30 SciTrek technology museum. No longer exists; museum closed in 2004.
Bauru Eiffel Tower Brasil Bauru 10 m (33 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:30 22° 19′ 31″ S, 49° 05′ 33″ O / 22.32515°S,49.0923627°O / -22.32515; -49.0923627 (Bauru Eiffel Tower) Built in 1978 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Bauru School of Law at the Instituição Toledo de Ensino.[21]
Montmartre Eiffel Tower Canada Montmartre, Saskatchewan 8.5 m (28 ft) escala 1:38 50° 13′ 16″ N, 103° 26′ 55″ O / 50.221147°N,103.448703°O / 50.221147; -103.448703 (Montmatre Eiffel Tower) Erected in 2009. Settled by French immigrants, the community calls itself "Paris of the Prairies".[22]
Valday Eiffel Tower Rússia Valday, Novgorod Oblast 8 m (26 ft) escala 1:40 57° 58′ 33″ N, 33° 16′ 04″ E / 57.975785°N,33.267781°E / 57.975785; 33.267781 (Valday Eiffel Tower) Built in 2018[23]
Dreyfus Eiffel Tower Estats Units Austin, Texas 7.5 m (25 ft) escala 1:45 30° 17′ 02″ N, 97° 45′ 06″ O / 30.283898°N,97.751773°O / 30.283898; -97.751773 (Dreyfus Eiffel Tower) At the Dreyfus Antique Shop
Paris, Michigan Eiffel Tower Estats Units Paris, Michigan 7 m (23 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:50 43° 47′ 18″ N, 85° 30′ 02″ O / 43.788287°N,85.500514°O / 43.788287; -85.500514 (Paris, Michigan Eiffel Tower) Situated in a park
Santos Dumont Eiffel Tower Replica Brasil Santos Dumont, Minas Gerais 7 m (23 ft) escala 1:50 21° 27′ 21″ S, 43° 33′ 07″ O / 21.455859°S,43.552000°O / -21.455859; -43.552000 (Santos Dumont Eiffel Tower) Built in 2001 to celebrate the centennial anniversary of the flight of Alberto Santos-Dumont around the Eiffel Tower. Santos Dumont is now the name of his birthplace in Brazil. It was formerly known as Palmira.
Eiffel Tower Rússia Zvenigovo 3.5 m (11 ft) escala 1:100 55° 58′ 19.056″ N, 48° 0′ 52.5888″ E / 55.97196000°N,48.014608000°E / 55.97196000; 48.014608000 (Zvenigovo Eiffel Tower) Erected in the center of the town's main street.
Uman Eiffel Tower Ucraina Uman 3.25 m (10.7 ft) escala 1:100 48° 45′ 0″ N, 30° 13′ 10″ E / 48.75000°N,30.21944°E / 48.75000; 30.21944 (Uman Eiffel Tower) Situated in a central park
Eiffel Tower of Nikitin's Gymnasium Rússia Voronezh 3.24 m (10.6 ft)[24] escala 1:100 51° 41′ 28″ N, 39° 11′ 02″ E / 51.6912261°N,39.1837692°E / 51.6912261; 39.1837692 (Eiffel Tower of Nikitin's Gymnasium) Situated in the park of Nikitin's Gymnasium
Eiffel Tower Azerbaijan Baku 3 m (10 ft) (Aproximadament) escala 1:110 40° 22′ 19″ N, 49° 50′ 40″ E / 40.371932°N,49.844419°E / 40.371932; 49.844419 (Baku, Sahil Shopping Center) Sahil Shopping Center, at Parfums de France shop.

Referències[modifica]

  1. ↑ «Reuters.com». Reuters.com, 09-02-2009. [Consulta: 24 maig 2010].
  2. ↑ lefigaro.fr. «Le Figaro – Actualité en direct et informations en continu». Lefigaro.fr. Arxivat de l'original el 2016-12-20. [Consulta: 24 maig 2010].
  3. ↑ Badkar, Matma «China Tried To Build A City To Replicate Paris ... And Here's What It Looks Like Now». Business Insider, 02-08-2013 [Consulta: 30 setembre 2013].
  4. ↑ «KI Mobile». Visitkingsisland.com. Arxivat de l'original el 2 gener 2010. [Consulta: 24 maig 2010].
  5. ↑ «Eiffel Tower Bahria Town Karachi» (en anglès), 14-06-2022. [Consulta: 29 setembre 2022].
  6. ↑ «Mais où est passée la Tour Eiffel de Fès ?». franceinfo Culture (avec AFP) - franceinfo, 06-12-2016. [Consulta: 7 març 2021].
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 «Exclusivité : EYFFELA est là !» (en francès), 12-11-2021. [Consulta: 7 setembre 2022].
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 «Eiffela : Réplique de la tour Eiffel» (en francès). [Consulta: 29 setembre 2022].
  9. ↑ «מבלים בנתיבות, מרגישים בפריז». [Consulta: 27 agost 2021].
  10. ↑ «Netivot's Eiffel Tower». explanders.com, 12-03-2022. [Consulta: 29 setembre 2022].
  11. ↑ Parque Europa
  12. ↑ Lauren Frayer, "As Europe Goes, So Go Its Fake Monuments", NPR, June 2, 2012
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 «Realt.by в деревне. Часть 2. Белорусский Париж со своей Эйфелевой башней и деревня Мосар с "зоной трезвости" при костеле Святой Анны» (en rus). [Consulta: 29 maig 2021].
  14. ↑ «Tower model at Filiatra». Users.mes.sch.gr, 22-03-2001. [Consulta: 24 maig 2010].
  15. ↑ Photograph of Filiatra tower Arxivat May 28, 2010, a Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ «"Ομοίωμα του Πύργου του Άιφελ εστήθη εις τα Φιλιατρά" "Eiffel Tower replica placed in Filiatra"». Newspaper Eleftheria, p.4, 06-08-1960.
  17. ↑ Disney's official French Pavilion page Arxivat 2009-01-21 a Wayback Machine. — lists the Eiffel Tower as approximately 1/10 the height of the original.
  18. ↑ Kabardinka builds own Eiffel Tower (in Russian)
  19. ↑ Minimundus map Arxivat 2016-02-02 a Wayback Machine., accessed on line Oct. 8, 2015.
  20. ↑ «Eiffel Tower». Dalefield.com. [Consulta: 24 maig 2010].
  21. ↑ «Eternizados em praça pública», 08-08-2010.
  22. ↑ White, Patrick. «We'll always have Paris, even in Saskatchewan». The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc., 07-07-2009. Arxivat de l'original el 3 octubre 2011. [Consulta: 29 març 2011].
  23. ↑ «Эйфелева башня / Форум города Валдай / Валдай». [Consulta: 26 maig 2020].
  24. ↑ В Воронеже возникла своя Эйфелева башня // Аргументы и факты
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