Usuari:Hienafant/Tank Girl (pel·lícula)

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Infotaula de pel·lículaHienafant/Tank Girl
Tank Girl[1]
Fitxa
DireccióRachel Talalay
ProductoraMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)[2]
Dades i xifres
Idioma originalAnglès[1]

Tank Girl és una pel·lícula basada en el còmic homònim[3] del 1995 dirigida per Rachel Talalay.[2]

Temes tractats[modifica]

L'any 2006, Dominique Mainon escriu al llibre The Modern Amazons: Warrior Women On-Screen: la pel·lícula tracta temes contra l'statu quo; i al contrari de moltes pel·lícules que són adaptacions de còmics que mostren "objectificacions sexuals gratuïtes de la dona", Tank Girl és "estridentment feminista", amb l'excepció del "clixé del complex de víctima/venjadora";[4] la pel·lícula es burla dels estereotips femenins, tal com es mostra quan Tank Girl repetidament repta Kesslee amb tornades enginyoses mentre ella està sent torturada, i quan respon a l'aparell d'entrenament amb ordinador quan li diu com s'ha de presentar als hòmens al club Liquid Silver donant-li roba per a seduir i dient-li que es lleve el borrissol corporal, porte maquillatge i una perruca. Tank Girl, aleshores, ignora el que li aconsella i modifica la roba al seu estil.[5]

L'any 2011, en el llibre Cult Cinema d'Ernest Mathijs i Jamie Sexton, l'assumpte sobre si les pel·lícules de culte que pretenien ser feministes ho eren realment o eren "parcialmet l'efecte de l'actuació de les actituds feministes a la seua rebuda" fou discutit. Els autors consideraren Tank Girl com una autèntica pel·lícula de culte feminista, en oposició a les pel·lícules de Kathryn Bigelow i Catherine Hardwicke, les quals els autors consideraren massa masculines i entusiastes a servirl'heteronormativitat.[6]

En el llibre Trash Aesthetics: Popular Culture and Its Audience, Deborah Cartmell afirmà que mentre el còmic mostrava Tank Girl com a "gens heroica o una antiheroïna accidental", la pel·lícula la mostra amb justificacions morals i emocionals "clàssiques del western més genèric" el seu alliberament i revenja contra W&P; després que fou testimoni de la matança del seu nuvi i el seu cavall, veu un dels nens de la comuna com és abduït, i ella mateixa és capturada i esclavitzada. Cartmell també afirmà que Tank Girl tenia similituds amb altres "icones postfeministes contemporànies", mentre ella mostra una sexualitat femenina dominant i una "familiaritat i coneixement" amb les "modes 'criminals' de la sexualitat", tals com la masturbació, el sadomasoquisme i el lesbianisme.[7]

Producció[modifica]

Quasi un any després del llançament del còmic en la revista britànica Deadline el 1988, l'editor de la revista Tom Astor començà a cercar un estudi interessat a fer una versió en pel·lícula. Mentre diferents estudis hi expressaren interés, incloent-hi New Line Cinema, el progrés fou lent.[8] Rachel Talalay's stepdaughter gave her a Tank Girl comic to read while Talalay was shooting her directorial debut film, Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare (released in 1991). Talalay read the comic between takes, and took an interest in directing a Tank Girl film.[9] She contacted Astor, who gave her permission to have the film made about a year later, just as she had given up on trying to secure the rights.[10] Talalay pitched the film to Amblin Entertainment, Disney, and Columbia Pictures, who all turned it down, before MGM made an offer.[11] Talalay worked closely with the Tank Girl comic's co-creators Alan Martin and Jamie Hewlett during the film's production, and selected Catherine Hardwicke to be the production designer. The studio was unhappy with the choice of Hardwicke over more experienced designers. Talalay had to meet with producers to persuade them to allow Hardwicke, who was relatively unknown at the time, to work on the project.[12] Tedi Sarafian wrote the screenplay, with the film marking his debut production credit,[13] and Gale Tattersall was chosen to be the cinematographer.[14]

MGM held open casting sessions in London, Los Angeles and New York for the role of Tank Girl. According to Talalay, some were skeptical of the open casting, thinking that it was a publicity stunt. This was true to an extent, as she had been asking the studio to cast a well-known actress. The original choice, the English actress Emily Lloyd, was replaced after she refused to cut her hair for the role.[15][12] Talalay cast Lori Petty, an American, because "she is crazy in her own life and [the film] needed somebody like that.[16] MGM faxed Deadline asking them for an "ideal cast" list; they selected Malcolm McDowell for Kesslee, but never believed MGM would actually contact him.[17] McDowell spoke favourably of his experience working on the film, saying it had the "same flavour" as A Clockwork Orange, and praised Talalay and Petty.[18] Talalay was approached by several people who wanted cameos in the film, but she did not want the film to be overloaded with such appearances. Two cameos were settled on—Iggy Pop was given the role of Rat Face, and Björk was offered Sub Girl. Björk later dropped out, and her character's scenes were re-written. The role was then given to Ann Cusack.[19]

Tank Girl was filmed over 16 weeks,[20] in three locations: desert scenes were filmed in White Sands, New Mexico, the Liquid Silver club set was built at an abandoned shopping mall in Phoenix, Arizona,[21] and all other scenes were filmed within forty miles of Tucson, Arizona.[22] Many scenes were filmed in an abandoned open-pit mine, where filming had to be abandoned one day due to a chemical leak. Permission was received to film the water pipe scenes at the Titan Missile Museum, near the mine, but the day before shooting this permission was withdrawn. These scenes were instead filmed in a tunnel back at the abandoned mine. New sets were often found by simply searching the mine.[23] Principal photography was completed on 28 September 1994, two days over-schedule, but still within the original budget.[24]

In the comics, the Rippers are considerably more kangaroo-like. However, Talalay wanted real actors rather than stuntmen in suits playing the roles. She asked Hewlett to redesign the Rippers to make them more human, allowing them to have the actual actors' facial expressions.[17] Requests were sent out to "all the major make-up and effects people", including Stan Winston, whose prior work included the Terminator films, Aliens and Jurassic Park. Talalay said while she considered Winston to be the best, she did not expect to hear back from him.[25] When she did, she still did not think she would be able to afford his studio on their budget. A meeting was arranged, where Winston insisted on being given the project, saying the Rippers would be "the best characters we've had the opportunity to do."[26] Winston's studio cut their usual prices in half to meet the film's budget.[26] Eight Rippers featured in the film: half were given principal roles and the others were mainly in the background. Each Ripper had articulated ears and tails which were activated by remote control, and the background Rippers also had mechanical snouts which could be activated either by remote control or by the motion of the actors' mouths.[27] Each Ripper's make-up took about four hours to put on. Three technicians from Winston's studio were required to work on each Ripper's articulations during filming; no puppets or digital effects were used for the Rippers.[28]

Believing that MGM would not allow the depiction of a bestial relationship in the film, the romance between Tank Girl and Booga was only written into the second or third version of the script, after Booga was already established to people involved in the production. By this stage, Booga "was a character and not just a kangaroo [so] it wasn't an issue anymore."[29] A "naked Ripper suit" incorporating a prosthetic penis was created for Booga and used in a filmed post-coital scene, but was removed from the final film at the studio's insistence.[10] Deborah Cartmell described the post-coital scene in the final version, which featured Booga fully clothed, as "carefully edited".[30] Against Talalay's wishes, the studio made several other edits to the film. The scene in which Kesslee tortures Tank Girl was heavily cut on the grounds that Tank Girl appeared "too ugly" while being tortured. Also cut were a scene showing Tank Girl's bedroom, which was shown to be decorated with dozens of dildos, and a scene in which Tank Girl places a condom on a banana before throwing it at a soldier. The studio also cut the original ending scene, a live-action scene in which it begins to rain—the film would have ended with Tank Girl burping.[10]

The tank used in the film is a modified M5A1 Stuart. It was purchased from the government of Peru about 12 years prior to filming, and had already been used in several films. Among numerous modifications made for Tank Girl, the tank's 37 mm anti-tank gun was covered with a modified flag pole to give the appearance of a 105 mm gun. An entire 1969 Cadillac Eldorado was added onto the tank, with the rear section welded at the back and the fender welded to the front.[31]

Banda sonora[modifica]

The film's soundtrack was assembled by Courtney Love;[32][33] Graeme Revell composed original music.[14] Love's band Hole contributed the song "Drown Soda". Greg Graffin from Bad Religion was originally supposed to do the duet of "Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love" with Joan Jett, but due to contractual restrictions he was replaced by Paul Westerberg from The Replacements. Devo recorded a new version of their song "Girl U Want" specifically for the film, as they were big fans of the comic.[34] The soundtrack featured Björk's song "Army of Me" before it was released as a single. Following the financial failure of the film, both Björk and her label declined to use footage from the film in the song's accompanying music video.[35]

The song "Mockingbird Girl" by The Magnificent Bastards (a side project of Scott Weiland) was recorded specifically for the album, after Love approached Weiland asking if he would like to contribute a song.[36] The single's cover showed the torso and thighs of an animated character resembling Tank Girl, and also featured the tracks "Ripper Sole" and "Girl U Want" from the album. In the US it peaked at No. 27 on the Mainstream Rock chart and No. 12 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart.[37] The song "2¢" by Beowülf also appears in the film; Talalay lobbied Restless Records to have the song included on the soundtrack, but was unsuccessful. Instead, she directed the music video for the song, which featured both animated and live-action footage from the film.[38]

The soundtrack album was released on 28 March 1995 on Warner Bros./Elektra Records. It peaked at No. 72 on the Billboard 200.[37] The next week, New York magazine wrote that the soundtrack was getting more attention than the film itself.[39] Ron Hancock from Tower Records, however, stated that sales of the album were disappointing, and attributed the low sales to the financial failure of the film.[35] Owen Gleiberman spoke favourably of the soundtrack,[32] as did Laura Barcella writing in the book The End, who described it as a "who's who of '90s female rock."[33] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic said the album was "much better than the film", awarding it three out of five stars.[40]

Llançament[modifica]

Exposició inicital i recaudació[modifica]

A blue-eyed, white-haired man of about 70, smiling
Malcolm McDowell, qui interpretà al villà Kesslee, el 2011

Tank Girl s'estrenà en el Mann Chinese Theatre el 30 de març de 1995. Aproximadament 1,500 persones anaren a the screening, including Talalay, Petty, Ice-T, McDowell, Watts and several other actors from the film, as well as Rebecca De Mornay, Lauren Tom, Brendan Fraser and Jason Simmons. Men in W&P costumes handed out bottles of mineral water, and girls dressed in Liquid Silver outfits gave out Astro Pops, candy cigarettes and Tank Girl candy necklaces. About 400 people attended the official after-party at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.[41] The film opened in cinemas in the US the following day.[42]

In the United States Tank Girl opened in 1,341 theatres. It made $2,018,183 in its first weekend,[43] towards $2,684,430 in its first week of release. By the end of its second week, Tank Girl had made only $3,668,762. Its final gross in the United States was $4,064,495.[42] Internationally, the film added approximately $2,000,000 to that total,[44] against a production budget of $25 million.[42]

Rebuda dels crítics[modifica]

The film holds a 38% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 37 reviews, with the consensus summary: "While unconventional, Tank Girl isn't particularly clever or engaging, and none of the script's copious one-liners have any real zing."[45] Lamar Hafildason of the BBC gave the film one out of five stars, saying: "Sadly, the BBC does not pay out for one-word reviews. If it did, then this review would read simply: tiresome."[46] In 2001 Matt Brunson from Creative Loafing gave the film one and a half stars out of four concluding "a rockin' soundtrack ... and a peek at Watts early in her career are the only ingredients saving this from a bomb rating.[47] Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars. While praising the film's ambition, he said its manic energy wore him down:


Wikiquote A Viquidites hi ha citacions, dites populars i frases fetes relatives a [[Q:Here is a movie that dives into the bag of filmmaking tricks and chooses all of them. Trying to re-create the multimedia effect of the comic books it's based on, the film employs live action, animation, montages of still graphics, animatronic makeup, prosthetics, song-and-dance routines, scale models, fake backdrops, holography, title cards, matte drawings, and computerized special effects. All I really missed were 3-D and Smell-O-Vision.[48]|Hienafant/Tank Girl (pel·lícula)]]

Owen Gleiberman gave the film a C– rating, praising Petty's performance, but added it was the only good part of the otherwise "amateurish" film.[32] Jonathan Rosenbaum and Janet Maslin gave moderately positive reviews, with Rosenbaum concluding: "unless you're a preteen boy who hates girls, it's funnier and a lot more fun than Batman Forever."[49] Maslin wrote: "Chief among its strong points is Lori Petty, a buzz-cut fashion plate in a Prozac necklace, who brings the necessary gusto to Tank Girl's flippancy."[50] Leonard Klady from Variety gave a mixed review, saying "What’s missing from the mix is an engaging story to bind together its intriguing bits. And Lori Petty as 'Tank Girl' ... has the spunk but, sadly, not the heart of the post-apocalyptic heroine."[51]

Home media[modifica]

Tank Girl was released on 10 April 2001. Aaron Beierle from DVD Talk gave the DVD three and a half stars out of five for both video and audio quality, though only half a star for special features, noting that only the original trailer was included.[52]

Shout! Factory acquired the rights to several MGM films, including Tank Girl, and subsequently released a Blu-ray version on 19 November 2013. Special features included the original trailer, a 'Making of' featurette, a commentary track with Petty and Talalay, and interviews with Talalay, Petty, and Hardwicke. Jeffrey Kauffman from Blu-ray.com gave the version four stars out of five for audio and video quality, and three stars for special features.[53] M. Enois Duarte from High-Def Digest gave the version three and a half stars out of five for video quality, four stars for audio quality, and two and a half stars for extras.[54]

Llegat i productes relacioats[modifica]

Una persona disfressada de Tank Girl el 2014

Per a augmentar l'estadística de lectors, Deadline mostrà Tank Girl en les seues cobertes moltes vegades entre 1994 i 1995, en anticipació del llançament de la pel·lícula. Posteriorment, Tom Astor digué que el llançament de la pel·lícula "ajudà molt, però no va marcar la diferència[;] perdé part del seu atractiu de culte sense guanyar cap credibilitat del correct principal."[55] La revista parà de publicar a finals de 1995.[56] Alan Martin i Jamie Hewlett des d'aleshores han parlat pobrament sobre les seues experiències sobre crear la pel·lícula, anomenant-la "a bit of a sore point" for them.[57] "El guió was lousy," Hewlett recalled, "me and Alan kept rewriting it and putting Grange Hill jokes and Benny Hill jokes in, and they obviously weren't getting it. They forgot to film about ten major scenes so we had to animate them … it was a horrible experience."[58] Talalay complained that the studio interfered significantly in the story, screenplay and feel of the film.[59][60][15] She said that she had been "in sync" and on good terms with Martin and Hewlett until the studio made significant cuts to the film, which she had no control over.[10] Peter Milligan wrote an adaptation comic in 1995,[61] and a novelization of the film by Martin Millar was published in 1996.[62]

Despite being a critical and commercial failure, Tank Girl is often said to have a cult following.[63][33][64] Petty's version of Tank Girl remains a popular character at cosplay events.[65][66] The music video for Avril Lavigne's 2013 song Rock n Roll was heavily influenced by Tank Girl, right down to the styling of Lavigne's hair.[67] During her interview that appeared on the Blu-ray release of the film in 2013, Petty was asked why the she thinks the film still resonates with fans, and replied: "There's no formula as to why Tank Girl was so fabulous and why people love it so much ... It was unique, it was new, it was fresh, it was way ahead of its time, and I'm happy that I got to do it and that I'll always have her."[68]

Referències[modifica]

  1. 1,0 1,1 «TANK GIRL». British Board of Film Classification. Arxivat de l'original el 22 juliol 2015. [Consulta: 28 juliol 2015].
  2. 2,0 2,1 «Tank Girl». Film Affinity. [Consulta: 28 juliol 2015].
  3. Bates, John K. «Tank Girl Stomps Hollywood». Wired, desembre 1994.
  4. Mainon (2006), p. 157
  5. Mainon (2006), p. 159
  6. Mathijs i Sexton (2011)
  7. Cartmell (1997), p. 41–43
  8. Wynne, 1995, p. 16.
  9. Wynne, 1995, p. 17.
  10. 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Rachel Talalay (2013). Director's commentary (Tank Girl Blu-ray). 
  11. Wynne, 1995, p. 20.
  12. 12,0 12,1 Rachel Talalay (2013). Too Hip For Spielberg: An interview with Director Rachel Talalay (Blu-ray featurette). 
  13. «20: Tedi Sarafian – Writer/Director». The Doorpost Project, 5 December 2014. Arxivat de l'original el 21 July 2015. [Consulta: 22 juliol 2015].
  14. 14,0 14,1 Maslin, Janet. «Movie Review – Tank Girl; Brash and Buzz-Cut Atop Her Beloved Tank». The New York Times, March 31, 1995. Arxivat de l'original el 9 November 2014. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  15. 15,0 15,1 Bates, John K. «Tank Girl Stomps Hollywood». Wired, December 1994. Arxivat de l'original el 15 July 2014. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  16. Wynne, 1995, p. 33.
  17. 17,0 17,1 Wynne, 1995, p. 34.
  18. Wynne, 1995, p. 39.
  19. Wynne, 1995, p. 35.
  20. Wynne, 1995, p. 78.
  21. Wynne, 1995, p. 55.
  22. Wynne, 1995, p. 79.
  23. Catherine Hardwicke (2013). Creative Chaos: Designing the World of Tank Girl with Production Designer Catherine Hardwicke (Blu-ray featurette). 
  24. Wynne, 1995, p. 86.
  25. Wynne, 1995, p. 62.
  26. 26,0 26,1 Wynne, 1995, p. 63.
  27. Wynne, 1995, p. 68–69.
  28. Wynne, 1995, p. 82.
  29. Wynne, 1995, p. 21.
  30. Cartmell, 1997, p. 43.
  31. Wynne, 1995, p. 58–59.
  32. 32,0 32,1 32,2 Gleiberman, Owen. «Tank Girl review». Entertainment Weekly, 14-04-1995. Arxivat de l'original el 9 February 2015. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  33. 33,0 33,1 33,2 Barcella, 2012, p. 130.
  34. Rosen, Craig «'Tank Girl' Set shoots From Hip». Billboard, vol. 107, 12, 25-03-1995, pàg. 10, 44 [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  35. 35,0 35,1 Atwood, Brett «Elektra's Bjork Putting A Love Letter In The 'Post'». Billboard, vol. 107, 19, 13-05-1995, pàg. 17–18 [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  36. Azzerad, Michael «Peace, Love, and Understanding». Spin, vol. 11, 5, August 1995, pàg. 57.
  37. 37,0 37,1 «Tank Girl Awards». Allmusic. Arxivat de l'original el 8 July 2012. [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  38. «Tank Attack». Billboard, vol. 107, 14, April 8, 1995, pàg. 53 [Consulta: 18 març 2015].
  39. «Tank Girl». New York, vol. 28, 14, April 3, 1995, pàg. 86 [Consulta: 9 març 2015].
  40. Erlewine, Stephen Thoma. «Original Soundtrack: Tank Girl». Allmusic. Arxivat de l'original el 20 November 2013. [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  41. Ehran, Mark. «RSVP : Tanked Up at Moocher's Paradise». Los Angeles Times, 03-04-1995. Arxivat de l'original el 10 May 2015. [Consulta: 9 maig 2015].
  42. 42,0 42,1 42,2 «Tank Girl». Box Office Mojo. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  43. «Tank Girl (R)». BOXOFFICE. Arxivat de l'original el 25 June 2015. [Consulta: 25 juny 2015].
  44. «‘Batman’s’ boffo B.O. in Britain». Variety, 24-07-1995. [Consulta: 14 juliol 2015].
  45. «Tank Girl». Rotten Tomatoes. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  46. Haflidason, Almar. «All the President's Men, Assault on Precinct 13, Red 2 among new home entertainment titles». BBC, 26-11-2013. Arxivat de l'original el 8 April 2014. [Consulta: 23 juny 2015].
  47. Brunson, Matt. «Tank Girl review». BBC, 26-06-2001. Arxivat de l'original el 27 December 2009. [Consulta: 23 juny 2015].
  48. Ebert, Roger. «Tank Girl review». Chicago Sun-Times, 31-03-1995. Arxivat de l'original el 9 February 2015. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  49. Rosenbaum, Jonathan. «Tank Girl». Chicago Reader. Arxivat de l'original el 2 April 2015. [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  50. Maslin, Janet. «Tank Girl (1995)». The New York Times, March 31, 1995. Arxivat de l'original el November 9, 2014. [Consulta: 23 juny 2015].
  51. Klady, Leonard. «Review: ‘Tank Girl’». Variety, March 29, 1995. Arxivat de l'original el 23 June 2015. [Consulta: 23 juny 2015].
  52. Beierle, Aaron. «Tank Girl». DVD Talk. Arxivat de l'original el 2 April 2015. [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  53. Kauffman, Jeffrey. «Tank Girl Blu-ray». Blu-ray.com, November 8, 2013. Arxivat de l'original el 3 November 2014. [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  54. Duarte, M. Enois. «Tank Girl: Collector's Edition». High-Def Digest, 14-11-2013. Arxivat de l'original el 2 April 2015. [Consulta: 17 març 2015].
  55. Shirley, 2005, p. 255.
  56. Shirley, 2005, p. 257.
  57. «Alan Martin on Tank Girl». sci-fi online. Arxivat de l'original el 28 October 2013. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  58. Fairs, Marcus. «Jamie Hewlett interview». Icon Magazine, June 2006. Arxivat de l'original el 24 March 2010. [Consulta: 21 febrer 2010].
  59. Talalay, Rachel; Rosenberg, Bob. «Tank Girl Movie: The Outtakes». Tank Girl. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  60. «A Q&A with Rachel Talalay». Nightmare on Elm Street Companion, 25-03-2005. Arxivat de l'original el 31 December 2005. [Consulta: 21 febrer 2010].
  61. «Tank girl». Open Library. [Consulta: 22 juliol 2015].
  62. «Tank Girl: Novelisation». Open Library. [Consulta: 22 juliol 2015].
  63. Volmers, Eric «The blu-ray redemption of Tank Girl: Director Rachel Talalay talks about her 1995 cult film’s handsome rebirth on DVD». Calgary Herald, 06-03-2014 [Consulta: 9 febrer 2015].
  64. Mathijs & Mendik, 2007, p. 9.
  65. Hayes, Britt. «Cosplay of the Day: Don't Mess With Tank Girl Unless You Want to Get Bombed». Screen Crush, 22-02-2013. [Consulta: 17 juliol 2015].
  66. Panda, Robo. «Tank Girl Anniversary Edition Of The Funny, Sexy, And Awesome Cosplay Of The Week». Uproxxx, 27-03-2015. [Consulta: 17 juliol 2015].
  67. E. Smith, Courtney «Avril Lavigne Pays Homage To ‘Tank Girl’ With ‘Rock N Roll’ Video». , 20-08-2013 [Consulta: 2 novembre 2013].
  68. Lori Petty (2013). Baseballs, Tanks and Bad Tattoos: An interview with Actress Lori Petty (Blu-ray featurette). 

Bibliografia[modifica]

Vegeu també[modifica]