Usuari:Victor M. Vicente Selvas/Llista de rècords meteorològics: diferència entre les revisions
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Revisió del 23:56, 28 feb 2012
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Aquesta llista de rècords meteorològics presenta els esdeveniments extrems de registres meteorològics grupats en diverses categories. Tots ells són registres oficialment observats.
Temperatura
Les condicions de mesura estàndard per a registrar la temperatura són d'observar-la a dos metres per sobre del sòl i en un lloc protegit de la llum solar directa (pr això és diu x º C a l'ombra).
Calor
Temperatures més altes enregistrades
Temperatura | Localitat | Data | |
---|---|---|---|
Àfrica/Sobre La Terra | 57.8 °C (136.0 °F) | 'Aziziya, Líbia | 1922-09-13[1] |
Algèria | 51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Illizi | 2011-08-18[2] |
Benin | 44.5 °C (112 °F) | Kandi | ?[2] |
Botswana | 42.6 °C (108.4 °F) | Tsabong | ?[2] |
Burkina Faso | 47.2 °C (117 °F) | Dori | ?[2] |
Burundi | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Bujumbura | ?[2] |
Camerun | 47.7 °C (117.9 °F) | Kousseri | ?[3] |
República Centroafricana | 45 °C (113 °F) | Birao | ?[2] |
Txad | 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 2010-06-22[3] |
Congo-Brazaville | 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) | Mpouya | 2011-07-03[2] |
Congo-Kinshasa | 38.6 °C (101.5 °F) | Kisangani | ?[2] |
Costa d'Ivori | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Odienne | ?[2] |
Djibouti | 49.5 °C (121 °F) | Tadjourah | ?[2] |
Egipte | 50.3 °C (122.6 °F) | Kharga | ?[2] |
Eritrea | 48 °C (118.4 °F) | Massawa | ?[2] |
Etiòpia | 48.9 °C (120 °F) | Dallol | ?[2] |
Gàmbia | 45.5 °C (114 °F) | Basse Santa Su | ?[2] |
Ghana | 43.9 °C (111 °F) | Navrongo | ?[2] |
Guinea-Bissau | 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Bafata | ?[2] |
Lesotho | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Maseru | ?[2] |
Malawi | 45 °C (113 °F) | Ngabu, Chikwana | ?[2] |
Mali | 48.2 °C (118 °F) | Gao | ?[2] |
Mauritània | 50 °C (122 °F) | Akjujt | ?[2] |
Marroc | 50.7 °C (123.2 °F) | Semara | 2009-08-16[2] |
Moçambic | 47.3 °C (117.2 °F) | Chibuto | 2009-02-03[2] |
Namíbia | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Noordoewer | 2009-02-06[2] |
Níger | 48.2 °C (118.8 °F) | Bilma | 2010-06-23[3] |
Nigèria | 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 2010-04-03[3] |
Rwanda | 35.4 °C (95.8 °F) | Kigali | ?[2] |
Senegal | 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) | Matam | ?[2] |
Sierra Leone | 40 °C (104 °F) | Njala | ?[2] |
Somália | 47.8 °C (118 °F) | Berbera | ?[2] |
Sud Àfrica | 50.0 °C (122 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 2010-01-22[4] |
Sudan | 49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 2010-06-25[3] |
Swazilàndia | 46.1 °C (115 °F) | Sidvokodvo | ?[2] |
Tanzània | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Zanzibar | ?[2] |
Tunísia | 50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | El Borma | ?[2] |
Uganda | 39.4 °C (103 °F) | Kigtum | ?[2] |
Zàmbia | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 2010-10-13[3] |
Zimbabwe | 45.6 °C (114 °F) | Beitbridge | ?[2] |
Asia | 53.9 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Tsvi, Districte Nord, Israel | 1942-06-21[5] |
Bangladesh | 45.1 °C (113.2°F) | Rajshahi | 1972-04-30[6] |
Xina | 49.7 °C (118 °F) | Llac Ading, Turpan, Xinjiang, Xina | 2008-08-03[3] |
Índia | 51.1 °C (123.9 °F) | Purulia, West Bengal | 2005-06-18[7] |
Iraq | 52.0 °C (125.7 °F) | Basra Ali Air Base, Nasiriyah |
2010-06-14[3] 2011-08-02[8][9] |
Israel | 54 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Zvi, Israel | 1942-06-21 |
Kuwait | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Kuwait International Airport, Kuwait | 2011-08-03[10] |
Japó | 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) | Kumagaya, Saitama / Tajimi, Gifu | 2007-08-16[11] |
Malàisia | 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 1998-04-09[12] |
Myanmar | 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Myinmu | 2010-05-12[3] |
Pakistan | 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) | Mohenjo-daro, Sindh | 2010-05-26[3][13] |
Filipines | 42.2 °C (107.96 °F) | Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Valley | 1912-04-12[14] |
Qatar | 50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 2010-07-14[3] |
Rússia | 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Belogorsk, Oblast d'Amur | 2010-07-12[15] |
Aràbia Saudita | 52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 2010-06-22[3] |
Singapur | 36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Singapore | 1998-03-26[12] |
Corea del Sud | 40.0 °C (104 °F) | Daegu | 1942-08-01[16] |
Tailàndia | 44.5 °C (112.1°F) | Uttaradit | 1960-04-27[17] |
Turquia | 48.8 °C (119.8°F) | Mardin | 1993-08-14[18] |
Oceania‡ | 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia, Austràlia | 1960-01-02[19][20][21] |
Nova Zelanda | 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury and Jordan, Marlborough (tied) | 1973-02-07[22] |
Illes Solomon | 36.1 °C (97 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 2010-02-01[3] |
Europa | 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Atenes, Grècia | 1977-07-10[23] |
Albània | 43.9 °C (118.1 °F) | Kuçovë | 1973-07-18 |
Àustria | 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Dellach im Drautal | 1983-07-27[24] |
Belarússia | 38.9 °C (102 °F) | Gomel | 2010-08-07[3] |
Bèlgica | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Uccle | 1947-06-27 |
Bòsnia i Herzegovina | 46.2 °C (115.16 °F) | Mostar (Herzegovina, Federació de Bòsnia i Herzegovina) | 1900-07-31 |
Bulgària | 45.2 °C (113.3 °F) | Sadovo, Província de Plovdiv | 1916-08-05[25] |
Croàcia | 42.8 °C (109 °F) | Ploče | 1998-08-05[26] |
Xipre | 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) | Lefkoniko, Xipre | 2010-08-01[3] |
Txèquia | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Praga-Uhříněves | 1983-07-27[27] |
Dinamarca | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 1975-08-10[28] |
Anglaterra | 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) | Faversham, Kent | 2003-08-10[29] |
Estònia | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 1992-08-11[30] |
Finlàndia | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Liperi | 2010-07-29[31] |
França | 44.1 °C (110.1 °F) | Conqueyrac / Saint-Christol-lès-Alès | 2003-08-12[32] |
Alemanya | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg | 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13[33] |
Grenlàndia | 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) | Tasiilaq | 2005-07-13[2][34] |
Hongria | 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 2007-07-20[35] |
Islàndia | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 1939-06-22[36][37] |
Irlanda | 33.3 °C (92 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 1887-06-26[38] |
Itàlia | 47 °C or 48.5 °C (116.6 or 119.3 °F) | Foggia, Apulia o Catenanuova, Sicília (el rècord de Catenanuova ´s disputat) | 2007-06-25 and 1999-08-20[39] |
Letònia | 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Daugavpils | 1943-08-04[40] |
Lituània | 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Comtat Utena | 1994-07-30[41] |
Macedònia | 45.7 °C(114.26 °F) | Demir Kapija | 2007-07-24[42] |
Moldàvia | 41.5 °C(106.7 °F) | Camenca, Camenca sub-districte, Transnistria | 2007-07-21[43] |
Montenegro | 44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica | 2007-08-16 |
Països Baixos | 38.6 °C (102 °F) | Warnsveld | 1944-08-23[44] |
Irlanda del Nord | 30.8 °C (87.4 °F) | Knockarevan, County Fermanagh / Belfast, County Antrim | 1976-06-30 / 1983-07-12[29] |
Noruega | 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Buskerud | 1970-06-20[45] |
Polònia | 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków, Opole Voivodeship (aleshores a Alemanya) | 1921-07-29[46] |
Portugal | 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 2003-08-01[47] |
Romania | 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 1951-08-10[48] |
Rússia | 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 2010-07-12[49] |
Escòcia | 32.9 °C (91.2 °F) | Greycrook, Scottish Borders | 2003-08-09[29] |
Sèrbia | 44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje Districte | 2007-07-24[50] |
Eslovàquia | 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 2007-07-20[2] |
Eslovènia | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Črnomelj | 1950-07-05[51] |
Espanya | 47.2 °C (116.9 °F) | Múrcia | 1994-07-04[52] |
Suècia | 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County / Målilla, Kalmar County | 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[53] |
Suïssa | 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 2003-08-11[54] |
Ucraína | 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 2010-08-12[55] |
Gal·les | 35.2 °C (95.4 °F) | Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire | 1990-08-02[29] |
Amèrica del Nord | 56.7 °C (134 °F) | Death Valley, Califòrnia, Estats Units | 1913-07-10[56] |
Canadà | 45.0 °C (113 °F) | Midale, Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan | 1937-07-05[57] |
Mèxic | 53.0 °C (127.4 °F) | Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mèxic | [58][59] |
Amèrica del Sud | 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Villa de María, Argentina | 1920-01-02[19][60] |
Bolívia | 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Departament de Tarija | 2010-10-29*[3] |
Brasil | 44.7 °C (112.4 °F) | Bom Jesus, Piauí | 2005-11-21[61] |
Colòmbia | 42.3 °C (108 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca Department | 2010-10-29[3] |
Paraguai | 45 °C (113 °F) | Pratts Gill, Departament de Boquerón | 2009-11-14[62] |
Uruguai | 44 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, | 1943-01-20[63] |
Venezuela | 41 °C (105.8 °F) | Maracaibo, Estat de Zulia | ?[2] |
Amèrica Central i el Carib | 45 °C (113 °F) | Olintepeque, Guatemala | ? [64] |
República Dominicana | 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 1954-08-31[65][66] |
Cuba | 38.8 °C (102 °F) | Jucarito (Província de Granma ) | 1999-04-17[67] |
Puerto Rico | 37.2 °C (99 °F) | Arecibo | 1985-06-25[68] |
Antàrtida | 14.6 °C (59 °F) | Vanda Station, Scott Coast | 1974-01-05[19] |
Pol Sud | -12.3 °C (9.9 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | 2011-12-25[69] |
- *Temperature reached on multiple occasions; this is the most recent.
- †There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[70]
- ‡On 16 January 1889, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[19]
Altres rècords de calor
- Pujada més ràpida de la temperatura; 27 °C (49 °F) en dos minuts; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.[71]
- Més dies consecutius per sobre dels 100 °F (37.8 °C): 160 dies; Marble Bar, Western Australia del 31 d'octubre de 1923 ald'abril de 1924.[72]
Fred
Temperatures més baixes enregistrades
Temperatura | Localitat | Data | |
---|---|---|---|
Antàrtida / Sobre La Terra | −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 1983-07-21[19][71][73] |
Antàrtida Est | −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) | Dome A | 2005-07[74] |
Pol Sud | −82.8 °C (−117.0 °F) | Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station | [75] |
Asia | −68 °C (−90 °F) | Verkhoyansk i Oymyakon, els dos a la República Sakhà, Rússia |
1892-02-07 1933-02-06[19] |
Bangladesh | 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) | Jessore | 2011-01-12 [76] |
Xina | −52.3 °C (−62.1 °F) | Mohe County | 1969-02-13[77] |
Índia | −33.9 °C (−29.0 °F) | Ladakh | 1911-03-22[78] |
Iran | −36 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1969[79] |
Iraq | −17.6 °C (0.3 °F) | Mosul, Ninawa Governorate | 1911-01-24[80] p29 |
Israel | −13.7 °C (7.3 °F) | Beit Netofa Valley | 1950-02-07[81] |
Japó | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 1902-01-25[11] |
Malàisia | 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1978-02-01[12] |
Nepal | −45.0 °C (−49.0 °F) | Mt. Everest, Sagarmatha | 1999-05-15[11] |
Corea del Nord | −43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 1933-01-12[82] |
Filipines | 2 °C (35.6 °F) | Mount Pulag, Mountain Province | 2011-01[83] |
Tailàndia | −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakorn | 1974-01-02[17] |
Turquia | −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Van | 1990-01-09[18] |
Amèrica del nord America | −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) | North Ice, Greenland | 1954-01-09[19] |
Canadà | −63 °C (−81 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 1947-02-03[19][71] |
Mèxic | −32 °C (−25.6 °F) | Santa Barbara, Durango | 1999[84] |
Estats Units | −62 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 1971-01-23[85] |
Europa | −58.1 °C (−72.6°F) | Ust' Shchugor, Russia | 1978-12-31[23] |
Albània | −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) | Voskopojë | 1967-01-27 |
Àustria | −37.4 °C (−38.6 °F) | Sonnblick | 1905-01-01[86] |
Belarussia | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 1940-01-17[87] |
Bèlgica | −30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Vall de Lesse a Rochefort | 1940-01-20[88] |
Bulgària | −38.3 °C (−37 °F) | Tran | 1947-01-25[25] |
Croàcia | −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) | Čakovec | 1929-02-03[26] |
Txèquia | −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 1929-02-11[27] |
Dinamarca | −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 1982-01-08[28] |
Anglaterra | −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) | Newport, Shropshire, West Midlands | 1982-01-10[29] |
Estònia | −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 1940-01-17[30] |
Finlàndia | −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Kittilä, Lapland | 1999-01-28[89] |
França | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 1985-01-17[90] |
Alemanya | −45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Baviera | 2001-12-24[33] |
Grècia | −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 1967-01-27[91] |
Hongria | −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 1940-02-16[35] |
Islàndia | −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 1918-01-21[36] |
Irlanda | −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 1881-01-16[38] |
Itàlia | −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 2010-12-27[92] |
Letònia | −43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 1956-02-08[40] |
Lituània | −42.9 °C(−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1956-02-01[41] |
Macedònia | −31.5 °C(−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 1954-01-27[93] |
Països Baixos | −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 1944-01-27[44] |
Irlanda del Nord | −18.7 °C (-1.7 °F) | Castlederg, County Tyrone | 2010-12-24[94] |
Noruega | −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1886-01-01[45] |
Polònia | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Suwałki, Województwo warmińsko-mazurskie | 1940-01-11[46] |
Portugal | −16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
1945-01-16 and 1954-02-05[95] |
Romania | −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Braşov County | 1942-01-25[48] |
Escòcia | −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Altnaharra, Sutherland |
1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10 1995-12-30[29] |
Sèrbia | −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District | 1985-01-13[50] |
Eslovàquia | −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vigľaš-Pstruša | 1929-02-11[96] |
Eslovènia | −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[51] |
Espanya | −32.0 °C (−25.6 °F) | Estanygento, Lleida | 1956-02-02[52] |
Suècia | −53.0 °C (−63.4 °F) | Malgovik, Västerbotten County | 1941-12-13[53] |
Suïssa | −41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 1987-01-12[54] |
Ucraïna | −41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 1935-02-08[97] |
Gal·les | −23.3 °C (−9.9 °F) | Rhayader, Powys | 1940-01-21[29] |
Amèrica del Sud | −39 °C (−38 °F) | Valle de los Patos Superior, San Juan, Argentina | 1972-07-17[98][99] |
Bolívia | −25.7 °C (−14.3 °F) | Uyuni, Potosí Department | 1946-08-04[100] |
Brasil | −14 °C (7 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 1952-06[101] |
Xile | −37 °C (−35 °F) | Coyhaique Alto, Aisén | 2002-06-21[102] |
Paraguay | −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 2000-07-13[103] |
Peru | −25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 1966-06-30[104] |
Uruguay | −11 °C (12 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 1967-06-14[63] |
Venezuela | −12 °C (10 °F) | Piedras Blancas, Merida State | ?[2] |
Àfrica | −24 °C (−11 °F) | Ifrane, Morocco | 1935-02-11[19] |
Algeria | −20 °C (−4 °F) | Batna, Batna Province | 1945-01-04[105] |
Lesotho | −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) | Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae), Mokhotlong District | 1967-06-12[105] |
South Africa | −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 1996-06-28[4] |
Oceania | −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago, New Zealand | 1903-07-18[106] |
Australia | −23 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia | 1994-06-29[107] |
Central America and Caribbean Islands | −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Guatemala | ? [64] |
Dominican Republic | −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) | Valle Nuevo | 2011-03-21[108] |
Cuba | 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa | 1996-02-18 [109] |
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico | 4.4 °C (40 °F) | Adjuntas Aibonito Corozal |
1989-12-28 [110] 1906-02-26 [110] 1945-01-19 [110] |
Other cold records
- Fastest temperature drop: 27.2 °C (49 °F) in 15 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.[71]
Precipitation
- Least per year (locale): none in recorded history; Antofagasta Region, Atacama Desert, Chile.[111]
Rain
- Most in one minute: 31.2 mm (1.23 in); Unionville, Maryland, United States, 4 July 1956.[23]
- Most in 60 minutes: 305 mm (12.0 in) in 42 minutes. Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.[23]
- Most in 12 hours: 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[23]
- Most in 24 hours: 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Foc-Foc, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during tropical cyclone Denise.[23]
- Most in 48 hours: 2,467 mm (97.1 in); Aurère, Réunion, 8–10 January 1958.[23]
- Most in 72 hours: 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007.[23]
- Most in 96 hours: 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007.[23]
- Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, India, 1860–1861.[23]
- Highest average annual total: 11,872 mm (467.4 in); Mawsynram, India.[23]
Snow
- Most in one-year period: 31.1 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, February 19, 1971 to February 18, 1972.[71]
- Most in one season (1 July–30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[112]
- Largest snowflake ever observed: 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keogh, Montana, United States, 28th January 1887.[71]
Wind speed
- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on May 3, 1999.[113]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer: 113.2 m/s or 407 km/h (253 mph) 3-second gust; one of five extreme gusts during a series of 5-min time periods; Barrow Island (Western Australia), 10 April 1996, during Cyclone Olivia.[114]
- Fastest recorded with an anemometer outside of a tropical cyclone: 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, April 12, 1934.[115]
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-hour period from March 21, 1951 to March 22, 1951.[71]
Tornadoes
Deadliest in history
- On Earth: Approximately 1300 deaths; Manikganj District, Bangladesh on April 26, 1989.[116]
- In North America: 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States March 18, 1925.[71]
- In Europe: 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valetta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict)[117]
Outbreaks
- Largest and most severe: The Super Outbreak: 148 tornadoes occurred in a span of 16 hours from 3 to 4 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, and included 24 F4s and 6 F5s, more F5s than have been reported in any other year, until 2011. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.[71]
Tropical cyclones
Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)
- Most intense ever recorded: 870 mb (25.63 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean, October 12, 1979.[71]
- Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 882 mb (26.05 inHg); eye of Hurricane Wilma, October 19, 2005.[118]
- Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 mb (26.35 inHg); Craig's Key, Florida, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, September 2, 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones have almost certainly had lower pressures, data is vague from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[119]
Other severe weather
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hailstone.jpg/300px-Hailstone.jpg)
Hail
- Heaviest: 1.0 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj District, Bangladesh, 14 April 1986.[120]
- Largest diameter officially measured: 8.0 polzades (20 cm) diameter, 18.625 polzades (47.3 cm) circumference; Vivian, South Dakota, July 23, 2010.[121]
- Largest circumference officially measured: 18.75 polzades (47.6 cm) circumference, 7.0 polzades (18 cm) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, June 22, 2003.[120][122]
Lightning
- Longest lightning bolt: 194 km (121 mi) (this is questionable - see the cited document) October 13, 2001.[123]
- Most strikes per year: More than 70 per km² in parts of Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[124]
Other categories
- Highest air pressure ever recorded: 1085.6 mb (32.06 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, December 19, 2001.[125] This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level.
Referències
- ↑ World: Highest Temperature World Meteorological Organisation. Retrieved on 2011-12-13.
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 2,15 2,16 2,17 2,18 2,19 2,20 2,21 2,22 2,23 2,24 2,25 2,26 2,27 2,28 2,29 2,30 2,31 2,32 2,33 2,34 2,35 «World Record Temperatures -Highest Lowest Hottest Coldest temperatures». Mherrera.org. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 Masters, Jeff. «Bolivia ties its all-time heat record». Weather Underground, 07-08-2010. [Consulta: 26 juny 2011].
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 «Details of the temperature, rainfall and wind extremes recorded in SA». South African Weather Service. [Consulta: 26 juny 2011]. Error de citació: Etiqueta
<ref>
no vàlida; el nom «saws» està definit diverses vegades amb contingut diferent. - ↑ «Asia: Highest Temperature | ASU World Meteorological Organization». Wmo.asu.edu, 21-06-1942. [Consulta: 28 gener 2012].
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ «Indian Heatwave Toll Touches 183 As Monsoon Advances». Terradaily.com. [Consulta: 28 gener 2012].
- ↑ «Temperatures reach 52 degrees Celsius (125.6 Fahrenheit) in Iraq». BNO News. [Consulta: 3 agost 2011].
- ↑ «Temperature history for Tallil, Iraq». Weather Underground (weather service). [Consulta: 3 agost 2011].
- ↑ G. Ballester Valor. «Weather extrem report summary by state or territory». Ogimet.com. [Consulta: 28 gener 2012].
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 «former National Rankings». Japan Meteorological Agency. [Consulta: 22 gener 2009].
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 «General Climate Information». Malaysia Meterological Department [Consulta: 30 juny 2010]. Error de citació: Etiqueta
<ref>
no vàlida; el nom «climate stats» està definit diverses vegades amb contingut diferent. - ↑ «Record breaking heat in Pakistan». Pakistan Meteorological Department, 26-05-2010 [Consulta: 4 juny 2010].
- ↑ «Worl Meteorological Organization», 1967. [Consulta: 10 juny 2011].
- ↑ «Wunder Blog». Weather Underground, 19-07-2010. [Consulta: 28 gener 2011].
- ↑ «Climate of Korea». Korea Meteorological Administration. [Consulta: 24 juliol 2010].
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 «Thai Meteorological Department». Thai Meteorological Department.
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 «Sıkça Sorulan Sorular - Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü». Dmi.gov.tr. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 19,4 19,5 19,6 19,7 19,8 Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
- ↑ «Australian Temperature Extremes». Bureau of Meteorology, 01-04-2009. [Consulta: 16 desembre 2009].
- ↑ «50.5°C - W.A.'s Highest Ever Temperature». Bureau of Meteorology, 20-02-1998. [Consulta: 12 juliol 2011].
- ↑ «Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007». Teara.govt.nz. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 23,00 23,01 23,02 23,03 23,04 23,05 23,06 23,07 23,08 23,09 23,10 «Global Weather & Climate Extremes». World Meteorological Organisation. [Consulta: 25 setembre 2010].
- ↑ wetterrekorde Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamic
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 «Bulgaria Second National Communication» (PDF). [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 [2][Enllaç no actiu]
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 «Česká republika - Česká nej». www.atlasceska.cz. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 28,0 28,1 Vejrekstremer i Danmark DMI
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 29,2 29,3 29,4 29,5 29,6 «Extreme weather». Met Office. [Consulta: 10 agost 2003]. Error de citació: Etiqueta
<ref>
no vàlida; el nom «UK Met Office» està definit diverses vegades amb contingut diferent. - ↑ 30,0 30,1 «EMHI». Emhi.ee, 11-08-1992. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Kaikkien aikojen lämpöennätys rikki Liperissä: 37,2!». Iltasanomat.fi. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ http://www.meteo.fr/meteonet/temps/france/clim/prod/tmd/dept30/TMD300803.pdf
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 Weather Extremes – Air Temperature. DWD. Retrieved on 2010-07-10
- ↑ «History : Weather Underground». Wunderground.com. [Consulta: 29 gener 2012].
- ↑ 35,0 35,1 «Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service». Met.hu. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 36,0 36,1 Einarsson, Markús. Climate of Iceland pg 683. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ↑ Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set Iceland Review 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 «Temperature - Climate - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service Online». Met.ie, 02-01-1979. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Record meteo estremi - MeteoNet». MeteoNet, 26-01-2011. [Consulta: 12 febrer 2012].
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 Latvian climatic characteristics. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved on 2010-08-07 (letó)
- ↑ 41,0 41,1 «(Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)». www.meteo.lt. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ [3] Republic Hydrometeorological Institute
- ↑ «Extreme». Meteo.md. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 44,0 44,1 meteonet.nl[Enllaç no actiu]
- ↑ 45,0 45,1 «Klima». met.no. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 46,0 46,1 «Zakład Klimatologii - Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków». Klimat.geo.uj.edu.pl. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ Extremes Instituto de Meteorologia, IP Portugal
- ↑ 48,0 48,1 THERMAL EXTREMES Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie Error de citació: Etiqueta
<ref>
no vàlida; el nom «IGiGP UJ» està definit diverses vegades amb contingut diferent. - ↑ «Погода и Климат - В России установлен новый абсолютный температурный максимум». Pogoda.ru.net. [Consulta: 28 gener 2011].
- ↑ 50,0 50,1 TEMPERATURE REGIME IN SERBIA Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia
- ↑ 51,0 51,1 http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf
- ↑ 52,0 52,1 http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/divulgacion/resumen_efemerides/Resumen_extremos.pdf
- ↑ 53,0 53,1 Temperaturrekord. SMHI. Retrieved on 2009-12-19.
- ↑ 54,0 54,1 «Weather in Switzerland». High-end-travel-switzerland.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Погода и Климат - Климатический монитор: погода в Луганске». Pogoda.ru.net. [Consulta: 28 gener 2011].
- ↑ «NCDC Global measured extremes». [Consulta: 6 novembre 2007].
- ↑ «Private Tutor». Infoplease.com. [Consulta: 29 gener 2012].
- ↑ «PROYECTO BASES DE DATOS CLIMATOLÓGICOS» (en spanish). Servicio Meteológico Nacional. [Consulta: 26 octubre 2011].
- ↑ «NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS» (en spanish). Servicio Meteológico Nacional. [Consulta: 26 octubre 2011].
- ↑ http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
- ↑ «Piauí tem a temperatura mais alta em 96 anos (Piauí has the highest temperature in 96 years)». Terra, 26-11-2005. [Consulta: 1r octubre 2010].
- ↑ «Boletín UGR/MAG» (en spanish). Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. [Consulta: 12 febrer 2012].
- ↑ 63,0 63,1 «Boletín meteorológico» (en spanish). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. [Consulta: 1r octubre 2010]. Error de citació: Etiqueta
<ref>
no vàlida; el nom «Uruguay records» està definit diverses vegades amb contingut diferent. - ↑ 64,0 64,1 «Datos metorologicos de los departamentos» (en spanish). INSIVUMEH. [Consulta: 26 octubre 2011].
- ↑ «Resumen Agrometeorológico del mes de Agosto del 2011» (en spanish). ONAMET. [Consulta: October 26th, 2011].
- ↑ «[www.onamet.gov.do/descargas/2011/PRONOSTICO TURISTICO/MENSUAL/BOLETIN TURISTICO AGOSTO 2011.pdf Resumen Agrometeorológico del mes de Agosto del 2011]» (en spanish). ONAMET. [Consulta: October 26th, 2011].
- ↑ «Temperaturas máxima y mínima absolutas registradas» (en spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. [Consulta: October 26th, 2011].
- ↑ «ARECIBO 3 ESE, PUERTO RICO - Climate Summary». Sercc.com. [Consulta: 29 gener 2012].
- ↑ «Heat wave: South Pole hits record high temperature on Christmas Day». United States Antarctic Program, 29-12-2011. [Consulta: 1r febrer 2012].
- ↑ Burt, Christopher C [2004]. Extreme Weather. W. W. Norton & Company, 2004, p. 36. ISBN 0-393-32658-6 [Consulta: 21 juny 2007].
- ↑ 71,00 71,01 71,02 71,03 71,04 71,05 71,06 71,07 71,08 71,09 Lyons, Walter A. The Handy Weather Answer Book. 2nd. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press, 1997. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8.
- ↑ «Marble Bar heatwave, 1923-1924». Australian Climate Extremes. Bureau of Meteorology. [Consulta: 21 setembre 2008].
- ↑ Budretsky, A.B. «New absolute minimum of air temperature» (en russian). Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition. Gidrometeoizdat [[[Leningrad]]], 105, 1984.
- ↑ Web Team. «''Australian Antarctic Division''». Aad.gov.au, 05-09-2005. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «''Office of Polar Programs''». Nsf.gov. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Lowest temperature in Jessore». bdnews24.com, January 12, 2011.
- ↑ «China weather, Weather of China, China weather forecast». Weatherchina.org. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ Extreme Weather Events India Meteorological Department
- ↑ «An extremely cold winter in Iran». Payvand.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ Climatological Means for Iraq, Government of Iraq Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
- ↑ «Climate Extremes in Israel». Israel Meteorological Service. [Consulta: September 13, 2010].
- ↑ 선종일. «Korean Climate». User.chollian.net, 01-08-1942. [Consulta: 29 gener 2012].
- ↑ «2°C at Luzon's highest peak». philstar.com. [Consulta: 11 gener 2011].
- ↑ «El día más frío del ańo :: México». EsMas.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ National Climate Extremes Committee. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
- ↑ «Wetterrekorde». ZAMG, 17-03-2008. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ Baglasov Andrey, Belov Alexandr, Sinitsa Valentina, Bychenkov Alexandr. «Department of Hydrometeorology». Pogoda.by. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «KMI (Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute) site». Kmi.be. [Consulta: 29 gener 2012].
- ↑ «Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Lämpötilaennätyksiä - kk». Fmi.fi. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «MétéoFrance». Comprendre.meteofrance.com. [Consulta: 29 gener 2012].
- ↑ «OnlineFX destination guide to Greece». Onlinefx.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Record del freddo in Italia: -48,3 gradi».
- ↑ Extreme Republic Hydrometeorological Institute
- ↑ «Lowest daily minimum temperature records in Northern Ireland». Met Office Weather Extremes, 24-12-2010. [Consulta: 14 agost 2011].
- ↑ (portuguès)«Terras da Beira - "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio», Retrieved 30 September 2010..
- ↑ «:: travel to SLOVAKIA». Travel-to-slovakia.biz. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Погодные рекорды Украины | Новости Украины | СЕГОДНЯ». Segodnya.ua. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ (castellà) «Datos extremos en el país y en el mundo», Retrieved 12 February 2011..
- ↑ There is another record (unofficial), of -40 °C (-40 °F), registered in Pampa Alta Pass, also known as Puesto Viejo, on the border between Argentina and Chile, on 2002-06-21. (See Extreme temperatures around the World. Retrieved on 12 February 2011.)
- ↑ Boletín Mensual del Tiempo 1946, Bolivia Servicio Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 27 January 2007.
- ↑ «História de Caçador» (en portuguese). A Notícia, 2010. [Consulta: 22 desembre 2010]. «[Caçador has the lowest recorded temperature, officially, in Brazil, of -14 °C in 1952. Another record, unofficial, of -17.8 °C in 1996-06-29, at the summit of Morro da Igreja, Urubici, also in Santa Catarina, would give the record to this locality.»
- ↑ (castellà) Boletines Anteriores, Junio 2002, Sección de Meteorología del Departamento de Geofísica de la Universidad de Chile. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
- ↑ (castellà) Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ↑ Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.
- ↑ 105,0 105,1 Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 19 October 2010. Error de citació: Etiqueta
<ref>
no vàlida; el nom «lesotho» està definit diverses vegades amb contingut diferent. - ↑ «New record for New Zealand's coldest day». TVNZ, 12-07-2011. [Consulta: 12 juliol 2011].
- ↑ «Climate statistics for Australian locations». Bom.gov.au. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Red de Estaciones Meteorológicas Automáticas» (en spanish). ONAMET. [Consulta: October 26, 2011].
- ↑ «III Congreso Cubano de Meteorología» (en spanish). ACQ & Asociados. [Consulta: October 27, 2011]. «Desde el punto de vista sinóptico, se realizó un estudio del día 18 de febrero de 1996, cuando se registraron temperaturas notablemente frías en la región occidental, y muy frías en el resto del país. Ese día, en la estación meteorológica de Bainoa se registró el record nacional de 0.6º C.»
- ↑ 110,0 110,1 110,2 «NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data». National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Consulta: October 27, 2011].
- ↑ Priit J. Vesilind. «The Driest Place on Earth». NationalGeographic.com, Aug 2003. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/1999/wsnorcrd.htm
- ↑ Center for Severe Weather Research. «Doppler On Wheels», 2006. [Consulta: 18 febrer 2007].
- ↑ World: Maximum Surface Wind Gust (3-Second) at the World Meteorological Organization website
- ↑ «101 Amazing Earth Facts». SPACE.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Tornadoes in Bangladesh». Tornadoproject.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Research: Tornado Extremes». TORRO. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Tropical Cyclone Report» (PDF). [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book». Extremeweatherguide.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ 120,0 120,1 «Appendix I – Weather Extremes». San Diego, California: National Weather Service. Arxivat de l'original el 2008-05-28. [Consulta: 1r juny 2010].
- ↑ NWS. «Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010». Aberdeen, South Dakota: National Weather Service, 30-07-2010. Arxivat de l'original el 2010-08-03. [Consulta: 3 agost 2010].
- ↑ «Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found». News.nationalgeographic.com. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore, Roger Edwards, and Christopher Landsea «Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication». Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 88, 6, June 2007, pàg. 853–860. Bibcode: 2007BAMS...88..853C. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853.
- ↑ «NASA - NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms». Nasa.gov. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
- ↑ Tom Ross & Neal Lott. «NCDC: Climate-Watch, December 2001». Ncdc.noaa.gov. [Consulta: 20 agost 2010].
Enllaços externs
- National Climate Extremes Committee
- Global Weather & Climate Extremes (Arizona State University)