John Charles Frémont

John Charles Frémont

Nom original	(en) John C. Frémont
Biografia
Naixement	21 gener 1813 Savannah (Geòrgia)
Mort	13 juliol 1890 (77 anys) Manhattan (Nova York)
Causa de mort	Causes naturals  (Peritonitis )
Sepultura	Sparkill (en)
Governor of the Territory of Arizona (en)
6 octubre 1878 – 11 octubre 1881 ← John Philo Hoyt – Frederick Augustus Tritle →
Senador dels Estats Units
9 setembre 1850 – 4 març 1851 – John B. Weller → Circumscripció electoral: Califòrnia
Senador dels Estats Units
4 març 1849 – 4 març 1851 – John B. Weller → Circumscripció electoral: California Class 1 senate seat (en)
Dades personals
Religió	Església episcopal als Estats Units
Formació	College of Charleston (en)
Activitat
Ocupació	Polític, explorador, oficial, botànic i enginyer
Partit	Partit Republicà dels Estats Units
Membre de	Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Ciències
Carrera militar
Branca militar	Exèrcit dels Estats Units d'Amèrica
Rang militar	general major
Conflicte	Guerra Civil dels Estats Units i Intervenció Nord-americana a Mèxic
Obra
Abrev. botànica	Frém.
Família
Cònjuge	Jessie Benton Frémont
Premis (1850)  Medalla dels Patrons de la Royal Geographical Society  Orde del Mèrit de les Arts i les Ciències
Signatura

John Charles Frémont o Fremont (1813-1890) va ser un explorador i polític estatunidenc. Durant la dècada de 1840 va dirigir quatre expedicions a l'oest nord-americà.

Epònims de plantes

• Western rosinweed (Calycadenia fremontii)
• pincushion flower (Chaenactis fremontii)
• goosefoot (Chenopodium fremontii)
• California flannelbush (Fremontodendron californicum)
• Mexican flannelbush (Fremontodendron mexicanum)
• silk tassel (Garrya fremontii)
• moss gentian (Gentiana fremontii)
• vernal pool goldfields (Lasthenia fremontii)
• tidytips (Layia fremontii)
• desert pepperweed (Lepidium fremontii)
• desert boxthorn (Lycium fremontii)
• barberry (Mahonia fremontii)
• bush mallow (Malacothamnus fremontii)
• monkeyflower (Mimulus fremontii)
• phacelia (Phacelia fremontii)
• desert combleaf (Polyctenium fremontii)
• cottonwood tree (Populus fremontii)
• desert apricot (Prunus fremontii)
• indigo bush (Psorothamnus fremontii)
• mountain ragwort (Senecio fremontii)
• yellowray gold (Syntrichopappus fremontii)
• chaparral death camas (Toxicoscordion fremontii)

Llocs

Placa a Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park, Redwood Grove

Comtats dels Estats Units:

• Fremont County, Colorado
• Fremont County, Idaho
• Fremont County, Iowa
• Fremont County, Wyoming.

Ciutats i poblacions:

• Fremont (Califòrnia)
• Fremont, Indiana
• Fremont, Michigan
• Fremont, Minnesota
• Fremont, Nebraska
• Fremont, New Hampshire
• Fremont, Steuben County, New York
• Fremont, Sullivan County, New York
• Fremont, Ohio
• Fremont, Utah
• Fremont, Clark County, Wisconsin
• Fremont, Waupaca County, Wisconsin (town)
• Fremont, Wisconsin, (village; also in Waupaca County)

Característiques geogràfiques:

• Fremont Peak (Wyoming) a les Wind River Mountains
• Fremont Peak (California) a San Benito County, Califòrnia
• Fremont Peak a San Francisco Peaks
• Fremont Island a Great Salt Lake
• Fremont Canyon on the North Platte River a Wyoming
• Fremont River (Utah), un afluent del Colorado River

Fonts

• Bancroft, Hubert H.. History of California. 5. San Francisco: The History Company, 1886. 
• Brands, H. W.. The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace. Nova York: Doubleday, 2012. ISBN 0-385-53241-5. 
• Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln. Pearson Education Ltd, 2003. ISBN 978-0-582-03279-8. 
• Catton, Bruce. Terrible Swift Sword. Garden City, Nova York: Double Day & Company Inc., 1963. 
• Plantilla:Cite article
• Frémont, John C. The Expeditions of John Charles Frémont The Bear Flag Revolt and the Court-Martial. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973. ISBN 0-252-00249-0. 
• Frémont, John Charles. Memoirs of My Life, By John Charles Frémont. Chicago: Belford, Clark, 1887. 
• Hall, Henry. America's Successful Men of Affairs. I. Nova York: New York Tribune, 1895. 
• Heidenreich, Linda. This Land Was Mexican Once: Histories of Resistance from Northern California. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-292-71633-9. 
• McFeely, William S. Grant: A Biography. Norton, 1981. ISBN 0-393-01372-3. 
• McNamara, John. «John C. Frémont Called "The Pathfinder," His Expeditions and Writings Inspired Americans». ThoughtCo., 31-05-2016.
• Nevins, Allan. Allen Johnson. Dictionary of American Biography Frémont, John Charles. 7. Nova York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1931, p. 19–23. 
• Nevins, Allan. Frémont, Pathmarker of the West. 1. Nova York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1939a. 
• Nevins, Allan. Frémont, Pathmarker of the West. 2. Nova York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1939b. 
• Oates, Stephen B. Woodward C. Vann. Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Nova York: Delacorte Press, 1974, p. 111–113. ISBN 0-440-05923-2. 
• Polk, James K.; Quaife, Milo M., Editor & Annotator. The Diary of James K. Polk During His Presidency, 1845 to 1849, Volume 1, 1910. 
• Richards, Leonard L. The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War. Nova York: Vintage Books Random House Inc., 2007. ISBN 978-0-307-27757-2. 
• Rogers, Fred B. «Bear Flag Lieutenant: The Life Story of Henry L. Ford (1822–1860), with Some Related and Contemporary Art of Alexander Edouart». California Historical Society Quarterly. University of California Press in association with the California Historical Society, 29, setembre 1950, pàg. 261–278.
• Sabin, Edwin L. Kit Carson Days, 1809–1868: Adventures in the Path of Empire. 1. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8032-9237-6. 
• The Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the years 1843–'44. Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1845. 
• The Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and California, to Which is Added A Description of the Physical Geography of California. With Recent Notices of the Gold Region from the Latest and Most Authentic Sources. Buffalo: Derby Orton & Mulligan, 1853. 
• Frémont, John Charles; Smucker, Samuel Mosheim. The Life of Col. John Charles Fremont and His Narrative of Explorations and Adventures in Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon and California. Nova York i Auburn: Miller, Orton & Mulligan, 1856. 
• Smith, Jean Edward. Grant. Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84927-5. 
• Solnit, Rebecca. «Of illegal immigration and bloodshed -- in 1846 / Celebrated killings highlight dubious path to statehood». SFGATE Hearst Communications, 25-06-2006.
• Tucker, Spencer C. Spencer C. Tucker. American Civil War: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Santa Barbara, Califòrnia: ABC-CLIO, 2013. ISBN 978-1-85109-677-0. 
• Walker, Dale L. Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California, 1846. Nova York: Macmillan, 1999. ISBN 0312866852. 
• White, Ronald C. American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant. Random House Publishing Group, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5883-6992-5. 

Bibliografia

• Bicknell, John. Lincoln's Pathfinder (2017), popular history of 1856 election from Frémont's perspective. 355 pages
• Brandon, William, The Men and the Mountain (1955) ISBN 0-8371-5873-7. An account of Frémont's failed fourth expedition.
• Chaffin, Tom, Pathfinder: John Charles Frémont and the Course of American Empire, Nova York: Hill and Wang, 2002 ISBN 978-0-8090-7557-7
• Denton, Sally, Passion and Principle, John and Jessie Fremont, The Couple whose Power, Politics, and Love Shaped Nineteenth-Century America, Nova York: Bloomsbury, 2007 978-1-59691-019-5
• Eyre, Alice, The Famous Fremonts and Their America, Boston: The Christopher Publishing House, 1948; Library of Congress Card Catalog Number 61-13063
• Gano, Geneva M. "At the Frontier of Precision and Persuasion: The Convergence of Natural Philosophy and National Philosophy in John C. Fremont's '1842, 1843–44 Report and Map,'" ATQ ("The American Transcendental Quarterly"), September 2004, Vol. 18#3 pp 131–154
• Goetzmann, William H. Army Exploration in the American West 1803–1863 (Yale University Press, 1959; University of Nebraska Press, 1979)
• Harvey, Miles, The Island of Lost Maps: A True Story of Cartographic Crime, Random House, 2000, ISBN 0-375-50151-7, ISBN 0-7679-0826-0.
• Herr, Pamela. Jessie Benton Frémont: American Woman of the 19th century (1988), biography of his wife
• Menard, Andrew. Sight Unseen: How Frémont's First Expedition Changed the American Landscape (University of Nebraska Press, 2012) 249 pp.
• Miller, David. "Heroes' of American Empire: John C. Frémont, Kit Carson, and the Culture of Imperialism, 1842–1898," Dissertation Abstracts International, 2008, Vol. 68 Issue 10, p4447
• Roberts, David (2001), A newer world: Kit Carson, John C. Fremont and the claiming of the American west, Nova York: Touchstone ISBN 0-684-83482-0
• Rolle, Andrew F. (1991). John Charles Fremont: Character As Destiny. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0806131357
• Tompkins, Walker A. Santa Barbara, Past and Present. Tecolote Books, Santa Barbara, CA, 1975.

Fonts principals

• First biography: Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. Fremont and '49. Nova York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1914 [Consulta: 24 juliol 2012]. 
• Harper's Weekly political cartoon, "That's What's the Trouble with John C."; Fremont's 1864 challenge to Lincoln's re-nomination.
• David H. Miller and Mark J. Stegmaier, James F. Milligan: His Journal of Fremont's Fifth Expedition, 1853–1854; His Adventurous Life on Land and Sea, Arthur H. Clark Co., 1988. 300 pp.

Enllaços externs

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: John Charles Frémont

• Finding Frémont Exhibit Des Chutes Historical Museum in Bend, Oregon 2015
• Oil Portrait of John Charles Frémont, 1878–1882 Territorial Governor of Arizona
• Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: John C. Frémont
• Plantilla:CongBio Retrieved on 2009-05-01
• The Generals of the American Civil War – Pictures of John Charles Frémont
• Guide to the Frémont Family Papers at The Bancroft Library
• Memoirs of my life : including in the narrative five journeys of western explorations during the years 1842, 1843–4, 1845–6–7, 1848–9, 1853–4 by John c. Fremont
• Address of welcome to General John C. Fremont, governor of Arizona territory, upon the occasion of his reception by his associates of the Association Pioneers of the Territorial Days of California, at their headquarters, Sturtevant House, New York, on ... August 1, 1878
• "Las Mariposas" Photos of Frémont's Mariposa gold estate taken in 1860. PDF
• Birthplace of John C. Frémont historical marker – Georgia Historical Society
• Fremont's Travels 1838–1854 Map
• Obres de John Charles Frémont al Projecte Gutenberg.

• Obres de o sobre John Charles Frémont a Internet Archive
• Plantilla:Wikisource-inline