Vés al contingut

Lactobacil: diferència entre les revisions

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Exploració interactiva de l'historial
← Edició anteriorEdició següent →
Contingut suprimit Contingut afegit
VisualWikitext
Cap resum de modificació
Etiquetes: Reversió manual editor visual
Cap resum de modificació
Línia 1: Línia 1:
{{FR|data=octubre de 2019}}
{{FR|data=octubre de 2019}}
{{Infotaula ésser viu
{{Infotaula ésser viu
| categoria_subdivisio = Espècies
| subdivisio = * ''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus|L. acidophilus]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus brevis|L. brevis]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus bulgaricus|L. bulgaricus]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus casei|L. casei]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus delbrueckii|L. delbrueckii]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus fermentum|L. fermentum]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus helveticus|L. helveticus]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus plantarum|L. plantarum]]''
* ''[[Lactobacillus reuteri|L. reuteri]]
}}
}}
Els '''lactobacils''' (''Lactobacillus'') són un grup de [[bacteris]] que pertanyen als [[Bacteri làctic|bacteris làctics]]. Es caracteritzen per ser cocs o bacils[[gram-positius|Gram positius]], no formadors d'[[Espora (micologia)|espores]], catalasa negatius, normalment immòbils i ocasionalment tenen la capacitat de [[Reacció d'oxidació reducció|reduir]] el [[nitrat]]. Són neutròfils, és a dir, el seu interval de pH òptim de creixement és entre 5-9. Poden créixer entre 2 i 53ºC però l'interval òptim de temperatura està comprès entre 30 i 40ºC. Són ubics, és a dir, es poden trobar en qualsevol ambient i alguns d'ells són: el [[tracte gastrointestinal]] (cavitat bucal, estómac i intestí), l'aparell genitourinari masculí, la microbiota [[vagina]]<nowiki/>l, vegetals, productes carnis, productes lactis, productes vinícoles, entre d'altres. Poden tenir un [[metabolisme]] homofermentatiu o heterofermentatiu tant estricte com facultatiu.
Els '''lactobacils''' (''Lactobacillus'') són un [[Gènere (biologia)|gènere]] de [[bacteris]] [[anaeròbics]] facultatius o anaeròbics estrictes i [[gram-positius]] no formadors d'espores. S'anomenen així perquè la majoria dels seus membres converteixen la [[lactosa]] i altres [[monosacàrids]] en [[àcid làctic]]. Són bacteris benignes. En humans es troben al [[tracte gastrointestinal]] (cavitat bucal, estómac i intestí), a l'aparell genitourinari masculí i a la [[vagina]] (''[[flora vaginal]]''). Són els microorganismes més freqüents a la uretra. Rarament produeixen infeccions en l'aparell urinari car són incapaços de créixer en l'orina. Poden causar bacterièmia transitòria d'origen genitourinari, septicèmia oportunista en individus immunodeprimits i endocarditis. El tractament és difícil car són resistents a la vancomicina (un antibiòtic generalment efectiu front els bacteris grampositius). Cal administrar una combinació de penicil·lina i un aminoglucòsid com ara la neomicina o l'estreptomicina. Moltes espècies són importants en la descomposició de la matèria vegetal. La producció d'àcid làctic fa que l'ambient es torni àcid, cosa que inhibeix el creixement de bacteris nocius.


Industrialment són utilitzats com cultius iniciadors per la producció de diversos tipus de productes [[Fermentació|fermentats]] com el [[iogurt]] i com a [[Probiòtic|probiòtics]] i suplements alimentaris.<ref>{{Ref-publicació|article=Lactic Acid Bacteria|url=https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118655252|publicació=Wiley Online Library|data=2014-04-30|doi=10.1002/9781118655252|llengua=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Ref-publicació|article=Lactic Acid Bacteria|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8841-0|data=2014|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-8841-0|llengua=en-gb}}</ref>
Algunes espècies de lactobacil són utilitzades industrialment per a la producció de [[iogurt]]s i altres aliments [[fermentats]]. Algunes begudes contenen lactobacils com a suplement dietètic. Molts lactobacils són els únics éssers vius que no necessiten [[ferro]] per viure i tenen una tolerància molt elevada al [[peròxid d'hidrogen]].


Fins el març del 2020, el gènere ''Lactobacillus'' comprenia 262 espècies però després de la seqüenciació completa del genoma de totes elles, un grup de científics de diversos països, treballant coordinadament, van proposar la reclassificació del gènere ''Lactobacillus'' i s'han establert 23 nous gèneres: ''Lactobacillus'', ''[[Amylolactobacillus]], [[Holzapfelia]]'', ''[[Bombilactobacillus]], [[Companilactobacillus]], [[Lapidilactobacillus]], [[Agrilactobacillus]], [[Schleiferilactobacillus]], [[Lacticaseibacillus]], [[Laticlactobacillus]]'', ''[[Loigolactobacillus]], [[Dellaglioa]], [[Liquorilactobacillus]], [[Ligilactobacillus]], [[Lactiplantibacillus]], [[Furfurilactobacillus]], [[Paucilactobacillus]], [[Limosilactobacillus]], [[Secundilactobacillus]], [[Levilactobacillus]], [[Fructilactobacillus]], [[Acetilactobacillus]], [[Apilactobacillus]]'' i ''[[Lentilactobacillus]].''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Ref-web|títol=Lactobacillus taxonomy changes: What implications for your activities?|url=https://microbiomepost.com/lactobacillus-taxonomy-changes-what-are-the-implications-for-your-activities/|data=2020-04-21|consulta=2021-01-19|llengua=en-US|nom=Nathan|cognom=Gray}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Ref-publicació|article=A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae|cognom=Zheng|nom5=Hugh M.B.|cognom4=Franz|nom4=Charles M.A.P.|cognom3=Salvetti|nom3=Elisa|cognom2=Wittouck|nom2=Stijn|nom=Jinshui|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004107|exemplar=4|volum=70|pàgines=2782–2858|issn=1466-5026|data=2020|publicació=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,|cognom5=Harris}}</ref>
Molts membres d'aquest gènere ja tenen el [[genoma]] desxifrat.


'''Comparació entre la nomenclatura del gènere ''Lactobacillus'' establerta fins el 2020 i la nova proposta feta per Zheng ''et al.'' 2020:'''<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Ref-publicació|article=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ|nom=Aidan C.|nom5=Markus|cognom4=Reimer|nom4=Lorenz C.|cognom3=Meier-Kolthoff|nom3=Jan P.|cognom2=Sardà Carbasse|nom2=Joaquim|cognom=Parte|llengua=en|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004332|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004332|exemplar=11|volum=70|pàgines=5607–5612|pmid=32701423|pmc=PMC7723251|issn=1466-5026|data=2020-11-01|publicació=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|cognom5=Göker}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|'''1901-2020'''
|'''Zheng ''et al.'' 2020'''
| rowspan="4" |

'''Característiques'''
|-
|'''''Lactobacillaceae'''''
|'''''Lactobacillaceae'''''
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Homofermentatius'''
|-
|'''''Lactobacillus'''''
|'''''Lactobacillus'''''
|-
|''Lactobacillus delbrueckii''

(Beijerinck 1901)
|''Lactobacillus delbrueckii''
| rowspan="38" |Bacils Gram positius, [[Termofília|termòfils]], homofermentatius i no formadors d'espores.

Capaces de fermentar gran diversitat de [[Glúcid|glúcids]] i tenen [[Soca (taxonomia)|soques]] amb l'habilitat de fermentar [[Fructà|fructans]] extracel·lulars, [[midó]], [[glicogen]] o [[Mannitol|manitol]].

S'adapten a l'hoste.

P.e, ''Lactobacillus melliventris'' està adaptat a les abelles.

Gènere rellevant a l'ecosistema intestinal i vaginal.

Presents en la fermentació de productes làctics i de cereals.

Utilitzats com a cultius iniciadors per a la fabricació de productes làctics fermentats.
|-
|''Lactobacillus acetotolerans''

(Etani et al. 1986)
|''Lactobacillus acetotolerans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus acidophilus''

(Handsen and Mocquot 1970)
|''Lactobacillus acidophilus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus amylolyticus''

(Bohak et al. 1999)
|''Lactobacillus amylolyticus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus amylovorus''

(Nakamura 1981)
|''Lactobacillus amylovorus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus apis''

(Killer et al. 2014)
|''Lactobacillus apis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus bombicola''

(Praet et al. 2015)
|''Lactobacillus bombicola''
|-
|''Lactobacillus colini''

(Zhang et al. 2017)
|''Lactobacillus colini''
|-
|''Lactobacillus crispatus''

(Moore and Holdeman 1970)
|''Lactobacillus crispatus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus equicursoris''

(Morita et al. 2010)
|''Lactobacillus equicursoris''
|-
|''Lactobacillus fornicalis''

(Dicks et al. 2000)
|''Lactobacillus fornicalis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus gallinarum''

(Fujisawa et al. 1992)
|''Lactobacillus gallinarum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus gasseri''

(Lauer and Kandler 1980)
|''Lactobacillus gasseri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus gigeriorum''

(Cousin et al. 2012)
|''Lactobacillus gigeriorum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hamsteri''
|''Lactobacillus hamsteri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus helsingborgensis''

(Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Lactobacillus helsingborgensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus helveticus''

(Bergey et al. 1925)
|''Lactobacillus helveticus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hominis''

(Cousin et al. 2013)
|''Lactobacillus hominis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus iners''

(Falsen et al 1999)
|''Lactobacillus iners''
|-
|''Lactobacillus intestinalis''

(Fujisawa et a. 1990)
|''Lactobacillus intestinalis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus jensenii''

(Gasser et al. 1970)
|''Lactobacillus jensenii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus johnsonii''

(Fujisawa et al. 1992)
|''Lactobacillus johnsonii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kalixensis''

(Roos et al. 2005)
|''Lactobacillus kalixensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens''

(Fujisawa et al. 1988)
|''Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kimbladii''

(Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Lactobacillus kimbladii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kitasatonis''

(Mukai et al. 2003)
|''Lactobacillus kitasatonis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kullabergensis''

(Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Lactobacillus kullabergensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus melliventris''

(Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Lactobacillus melliventris''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mulieris''

(Rocha et al. 2020)
|''Lactobacillus mulieris''
|-
|''Lactobacillus panisapium''

(Wang et al. 2018)
|''Lactobacillus panisapium''
|-
|''Lactobacillus paragasseri''

(Tanizawa et al. 2018)
|''Lactobacillus paragasseri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pasteurii''

(Cousin et al. 2013)
|''Lactobacillus pasteurii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus porci''

(Kim et al. 2018)
|''Lactobacillus porci''
|-
|''Lactobacillus psittaci''

(Lawson et al. 2001)
|''Lactobacillus psittaci''
|-
|''Lactobacillus rodentium''

(Killer et al. 2014)
|''Lactobacillus rodentium''
|-
|''Lactobacillus taiwanensis''

(Wang et al. 2009)
|''Lactobacillus taiwanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ultunensis''

(Roos et al. 2005)
|''Lactobacillus ultunensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus xujianguonis''

(Meng et al. 2020)
|''Lactobacillus xujianguonis''
|-
|
|'''''Amylolactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus amylophilus'' (Nakamura and Crowell 1981)
|''Amylolactobacillus amylophilus''
| rowspan="2" |Bacils Gram positius immòbils, catalasa negatius, [[oxidasa]] negatius i no formadors d'espores. Homofermentatius i tenen activitat enzimàtica [[Amilolític|amilolítica]] extracel·lular.
|-
|''Lactobacillus amylotrophicus'' (Naser et al. 2006)
|''Amylolactobacillus amylotrophicus''
|-
|
|'''''Holzapfelia'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus floricola'' (Kawasaki et al. 2011)
|''Holzapfelia floricola''
|Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius, homofermentatius i aerotolerants. Fermenten únicament la glucosa i la fructosa.
|-
|
|'''''Bombilatobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus mellifer'' (Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Bombilactobacillus mellifer''
| rowspan="3" |Bacils Gram positius, homofermentatius i termòfils.

El ''B. mellifer'' fermenta algunes [[Hexosa|hexoses]], [[sacarosa]] i [[rafinosa]].

El ''B. bombi'' fermenta una gran diversitat de glúcids.
|-
|''Lactobacillus bombi''

(Killer et al. 2014)
|''Bombilactobacillus bombi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mellis'' (Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Bombilactobacillus mellis''
|-
|
|'''''Companilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus alimentarius'' (Reuter 1983)
|''Companilactobacillus alimentarius''
| rowspan="34" |Bacils Gram positius, homofermentatius, no formadors d'espores. Creixen entre els 25ºC-30ºC, algunes soques poden créixer a 45ºC i algunes a 15ºC.
|-
|''Lactobacillus allii''

(Jung et al. 2017)
|''Companilactobacillus allii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus baiquanensis'' (Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus baiquanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus bobalius''

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2008)
|''Companilactobacillus bobalius''
|-
|''Lactobacillus crustorum'' (Scheirlinck et al. 2007)
|''Companilactobacillus crustorum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus farciminis'' (Reuter 1983)
|''Companilactobacillus farciminis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus formosensis'' (Chang et al. 2015)
|''Companilactobacillus formosensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus furfuricola'' (Irisawa et al. 2014)
|''Companilactobacillus furfuricola''
|-
|''Lactobacillus futsaii''

(Chao et al. 2012)
|''Companilactobacillus futsaii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans''

(Jung et al. 2013)
|''Companilactobacillus ginsenosidimutans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus halodurans'' (Schuster et al. 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus halodurans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis'' (Gu et al. 2013)
|''Companilactobacillus heilongjiangensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus huachuanensis'' (Fu and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus huachuanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hulinensis'' (Wei and Gu)
|''Companilactobacillus hulinensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus insicii'' (Ehrmann et al. 2016)
|''Companilactobacillus insicii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus jidongensis'' (Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus jidongensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kedongensis''

(Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus kedongensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus keshanensis''

(Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus keshanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kimchiensis''

(Kim et al. 2013)
|''Companilactobacillus kimchiensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kimchii''

(Yoon et al. 2000)
|''Companilactobacillus kimchii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus metriopterae''

(Chiba et al. 2018)
|''Companilactobacillus metriopterae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mindensis''

(Ehrmann et al. 2003)
|''Companilactobacillus mindensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mishanensis''

(Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus mishanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus musae''

(Chen et al. 2017)
|''Companilactobacillus musae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nantensis''

(Valcheva et al. 2006)
|''Companilactobacillus nantensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nodensis''

(Kashiwagi et al. 2009)
|''Companilactobacillus nodensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nuruki''

(Heo et al. 2018)
|''Companilactobacillus nuruki''
|-
|''Lactobacillus paralimentarius''

(Cai et al. 1999)
|''Companilactobacillus paralimentarius''
|-
|''Lactobacillus salsicarnum''

(Schuster et al. 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus salsicarnum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus suantsaicola''

(Lin et al. 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus suantsaicola''
|-
|''Lactobacillus tucceti''

(Chenoll et al. 2009)
|''Companilactobacillus tucceti''
|-
|''Lactobacillus versmoldensis''

(Kröckel et al. 2003)
|''Companilactobacillus versmoldensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus zhachilii''

(Zhang et al. 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus zhachilii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus zhongbaensis'' (Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Companilactobacillus zhongbaensis''
|-
|
|'''''Lapidilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus concavus''

(Tong and Dong 2005)
|''Lapidilactobacillus concavus''
| rowspan="3" |Bacils o cocs Gram positius immòbils, homofermentatius, no formadors d'espores, catalasa negatius i [[Anaerobi facultatiu|anaeròbics facultatius]]. L'interval de pH òptim de creixement i per fer ús de la [[pentosa]] depèn de la soca, normalment entre 6-7. L'interval de temperatura òptima de creixement és entre els 30ºC-37ºC. El producte principal de la fermentació és l'àcid L-làctic. 
|-
|''Lactobacillus bayanensis''

(Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Lapidilactobacillus bayanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus dextrinicus''

(Haakensen et al. 2009)
|''Lapidilactobacillus dextrinicus''
|-
|
|'''''Agrilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus composti''

(Endo and Okada 2007)
|''Agrilactobacillus composti''
| rowspan="2" |Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius, homofermentatius i [[aerotolerants]].
|-
|''Lactobacillus yilanensis''

(Wei and Gu 2019)
|''Agrilactobacillus yilanensis''
|-
|
|'''''Schleiferilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus perolens''

(Back et al. 2000)
|''Schleiferilactobacillus perolens''
| rowspan="3" |Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius, homofermentatius i aerotolerants.

Creixen entre 15 i 42ºC. Fermenten una gran diversitat de gúcids com les pentoses, hexoses i [[Oligosacàrid|oligosacàrids]].
|-
|''Lactobacillus harbinensis''

(Miyamoto et al. 2006)
|''Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus shenzhenensis''

(Zou et al. 2013)
|''Schleiferilactobacillus shenzhenensis''
|-
|
|'''''Lacticaseibacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus casei''

(Hansen and Lessel 1971)
|''Lacticaseibacillus casei''
| rowspan="17" |Bacils Gram positius immòbils, oxidasa negatius, i homofermentatius.

Creixen entre 10 i 45ºC.

Normalment produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic a partir de la glucosa. Són considerades de gran importància econòmica ja que moltes espècies són utilitzades com a cultius iniciadors i com a probiòtics.
|-
|''Lactobacillus baoqingensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Lacticaseibacillus baoqingensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus brantae''

(Volokhov et al. 2012)
|''Lacticaseibacillus brantae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus camelliae''

(Tanasupawat et al. 2007)
|''Lacticaseibacillus camelliae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus chiayiensis''

(Huang et al. 2018)
|''Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hulanensis''

(Zhao and Gu et al. 2019'')''
|''Lacticaseibacillus hulanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus jixianensis''

(Long and Gu, 2019)
|''Lacticaseibacillus jixianensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus manihotivorans''

(Morlon‐Guyot et al. 1998)
|''Lacticaseibacillus manihotivorans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nasuensis''

(Cai et al. 2012)
|''Lacticaseibacillus nasuensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pantheris''

(Liu and Dong 2002)
|''Lacticaseibacillus pantheris''
|-
|''Lactobacillus paracasei'' (Collins et al. 1989)
|''Lacticaseibacillus paracasei''
|-
|''Lactobacillus porcinae'' (Nguyen et al. 2013)
|''Lacticaseibacillus porcinae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus rhamnosus''

(Collins et al. 1989)
|''Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus saniviri''

(Oki et al. 2012)
|''Lacticaseibacillus saniviri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus sharpeae''

(Weiss et al. 1981)
|''Lacticaseibacillus sharpeae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis''

(Gu et al. 2013)
|''Lacticaseibacillus songhuajiangensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus thailandensis''

(Tanasupawat et al. 2007)
|''Lacticaseibacillus thailandensis''
|-
|
|'''''Latilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus sakei''

(Klein et al. 1996)
|''Latilactobacillus sakei''
| rowspan="4" |Bacils Gram positius, homofermentatius.

Produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic a excepció de ''L. fuchuensis,'' el qual només produeix l'isòmer L-.

Són [[Mesòfil|mesòfils]] encara que algunes soques són [[Psicròtrof|psicròtrofes]] i creixen per sota dels 8ºC.
|-
|''Lactobacillus curvatus''

(Klein et al. 1996)
|''Latilactobacillus curvatus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus fuchuensis''

(Sakala et al. 2002)
|''Latilactobacillus fuchuensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus graminis''

(Beck et al. 1989)
|''Latilactobacillus graminis''
|-
|
|'''''Loigolactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus coryniformis''

(Abo‐Elnaga and Kandler 1965)
|''Loigolactobacillus coryniformis''
| rowspan="7" |Bacils Gram positius immòbils, catalasa negatius, no formadors d'espores. Els bacils normalment es troben sols o per parelles.

Homofermentatius i produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic. L'habilitat per fermentar pentoses depèn de l'espècie; moltes espècies produeixen àcid de la D-[[Mannosa|manosa]] i el D-[[Mannitol|manitol]].
|-
|''Lactobacillus backii''

(Tohno et al. 2013)
|''Loigolactobacillus backii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus bifermentans''

(Kandler et al. 1983)
|''Loigolactobacillus bifermentans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus iwatensis''

(Tohno et al. 2013)
|''Loigolactobacillus iwatensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus jiayinensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Loigolactobacillus jiayinensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus rennini''

(Chenoll et al. 2006)
|''Loigolactobacillus rennini''
|-
|''Lactobacillus zhaoyuanensis''

(Long and Gu, 2019)
|''Loigolactobacillus zhaoyuanensis''
|-
|
|'''''Dellaglioa'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus algidus''

(Kato et al. 2000)
|''Dellaglioa algida''
|Bacils Gram positius immòbils, anaeròbics facultatius, [[pricròfils]] i homofermentatius.
|-
|
|'''''Liquorilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus mali''

(Kaneuchi et al. 1988)
|''Liquorilactobacillus mali''
| rowspan="13" |Bacils Gram positius, majoritàriament mòbils excepte ''L. cacaonum, L. hordei'' i ''L. mali''.

Contenen [[àcid meso-diamilopimelic]]. Moltes soques produeixen dextrans a partir de la sacarosa.
|-
|''Lactobacillus aquaticus''

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2009)
|''Liquorilactobacillus aquaticus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus cacaonum''

(De Bruyne et al. 2009)
|''Liquorilactobacillus cacaonum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus capillatus''

(Chao et al. 2008)
|''Liquorilactobacillus capillatus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ghanensis''

(Nielsen et al. 2007)
|''Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hordei''

(Rouse et al. 2008)
|''Liquorilactobacillus hordei''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nagelii''

(Edwards et al. 2000)
|''Lacitilactobacillus nagelii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus oeni''

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2009)
|''Liquorilactobacillus oeni''
|-
|''Lactobacillus satsumensis''

(Endo and Okada 2005)
|''Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus sicerae''

(Puertas et al. 2014)
|''Liquorilactobacillus sicerae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus sucicola''

(Irisawa and Okada 2009)
|''Liquorilactobacillus sucicola''
|-
|''Lactobacillus uvarum''

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2008)
|''Liquorilactobacillus uvarum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus vini''

(Rodas et al. 2006)
|''Liquorilactobacillus vini''
|-
|
|'''''Ligilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus salivarius''

(Li et al. 2006)
|''Ligilactobacillus salivarius''
| rowspan="16" |Bacils Gram positius, majoritàriament mòbils i homofermentatius. Moltes soques expressen [[ureasa]], la qual està associada a l'adaptació a l'estil de vida de l'hoste vertebrat. Es comercialitzen usualment com a cultius iniciadors i com a probiòtics.
|-
|''Lactobacillus acidipiscis''

(Tanasupawat et al. 2000)
|''Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus agilis''

(Weiss et al. 1982)
|''Ligilactobacillus agilis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus animalis''

(Dent and Williams 1983)
|''Ligilactobacillus animalis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus apodemi''

(Osawa et al. 2006)
|''Ligilactobacillus apodemi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus aviarius'' (Fujisawa et al. 1985)
|''Ligilactobacillus aviarius''
|-
|''Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. araffinosus''

(Fujisawa et al. 1985)
|''Ligilactobacillus araffinosus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ceti''

(Vela et al. 2008)
|''Ligilactobacillus ceti''
|-
|''Lactobacillus equi''

(Morotomi et al. 2002)
|''Ligilactobacillus equi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus faecis''

(Endo et al. 2013)
|''Ligilactobacillus faecis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hayakitensis''

(Morita et al. 2007)
|''Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus murinus''

(Hemme et al. 1982)
|''Ligilactobacillus murinus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pobuzihii''

(Chen et al. 2010)
|''Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ruminis''

(Sharpe et al. 1973)
|''Ligilactobacillus ruminis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus saerimneri''

(Pedersen and Roos 2004)
|''Ligilactobacillus saerimneri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus salitolerans''

(Tohno et al. 2019)
|''Ligilactobacillus salitolerans''
|-
|
|'''''Lactiplantibacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus plantarum''

(Bergey et al. 1923)
|''Lactiplantibacillus plantarum''
| rowspan="15" |Bacils Gram positius immòbils, no formadors d'espores i homofermentatius. Fermenten una gran diversitat de glúcids. Moltes espècies metabolitzen àcid fenòlic mitjançant activitats [[esterasa]], [[descarboxilasa]] i [[reductasa]].

''L. plantarum'' és atípic a causa de la seva activitat pseudocatalasa i per reduir el nitrat.
|-
|''Lactobacillus daoliensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Lactiplantibacillus daoliensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus daowaiensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Lactiplantibacillus daowaiensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus dongliensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Lactiplantibacillus dongliensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus fabifermentans''

(De Bruyne et al. 2009)
|''Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus herbarum''

(Mao et al. 2015)
|''Lactiplantibacillus herbarum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans''

(Miyashita et al. 2015)
|''Lactiplantibacillus modestisalitolerans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis''

(Gu et al. 2013)
|''Lactiplantibacillus mudanjiangensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nangangensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Lactiplantibacillus nangangensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus paraplantarum''

(Curk et al. 1996)
|''Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pentosus''

(Zanoni et al. 1987)
|''Lactiplantibacillus pentosus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pingfangensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Lactiplantibacillus pingfangensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus plajomi''

(Miyashita et al. 2015)
|''Lactiplantibacillus plajomi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus songbeiensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Lactiplantibacillus songbeiensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus xiangfangensis''

(Gu et al. 2012)
|''Lactiplantibacillus xiangfangensis''
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Heterofermentatius'''
|
|-
|
|'''''Furfurilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus rossiae''

(Corsetti et al. 2005)
|''Furfurilactobacillus rossiae''
| rowspan="3" |Bacils Gram positius, heterofermentatius i aerotolerants. Creixen entre 15 i 37ºC i no toleren temperatures superiors als 45ºC.
|-
|''Lactobacillus curtus''

(Asakawa et al. 2017)
|''Furfurilactobacillus curtus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus siliginis''

(Aslam et al. 2006)
|''Furfurilactobacillus siligini''
|-
|
|'''''Paucilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus vaccinostercus''

(Okada et al. 1979)
|''Paucilactobacillus vaccinostercus''
| rowspan="7" |Bacils Gram positius, heterofermentatius, catalasa negatius i aerotolerants. Creixen entre 20 i 37ºC. Moltes espècies són psicròtrofes però el ''P. suebicus'' creix a 45ºC. Metabolitzen pentoses i moltes soques no fermenten disacàrids.
|-
|''Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis''

(Tohno et al. 2013)
|''Paucilactobacillus hokkaidonensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kaifaensis''

(Liu and Gu 2019)
|''Paucilactobacillus kaifaensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus nenjiangensis''

(Gu et al. 2013)
|''Paucilactobacillus nenjiangensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus oligofermentans''

(Koort et al. 2005)
|''Paucilactobacillus oligofermentans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus suebicus''

(Kleynmans et al. 1989)
|''Paucilactobacillus suebicus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus wasatchensis''

(Oberg et al. 2016)
|''Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis''
|-
|
|'''''Limosilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus fermentum''

(Beijerinck 1901)
|''Limosilactobacillus fermentum''
| rowspan="17" |Poden ser cocs o bacils gram positius, són heterofermentatius, catalasa negatius i anaeròbics o aerotolerants. Creixen a 37ºC i algunes d'elles a 45ºC però no creixen a 15ºC. Fermenten una gran diversitat de glúcids encara que moltes espècies no fermenten la glucosa. Algunes espècies com el ''L. reuteri'' produeixen [[Exopolisacàrid|exopolisacàrids]] a partir de la sacarosa per donar suport a la formació del [[biofilm]] que té lloc a la superfície epitelial del tracte intestinal.
|-
|''Lactobacillus alvi''

(Kim et al. 2011)
|''Limosilactobacillus alvi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus antri''

(Roos et al 2005)
|''Limosilactobacillus antri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus caviae''

(Killer et al. 2017)
|''Limosilactobacillus caviae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus coleohominis''

(Nikolaitchouk et al. 2001)
|''Limosilactobacillus coleohominis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus equigenerosi''

(Endo et al. 2008)
|''Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus frumenti''

(Müller et al. 2000)
|''Limosilactobacillus frumenti''
|-
|''Lactobacillus gastricus''

(Roos et al. 2005)
|''Limosilactobacillus gastricus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus gorillae''

(Tsuchida et al. 2014)
|''Limosilactobacillus gorillae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ingluviei''

(Baele et al. 2003)
|''Limosilactobacillus ingluviei''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mucosae''

(Roos et al. 2000)
|''Limosilactobacillus mucosae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus oris''

(Farrow et al. 1988)
|''Limosilactobacillus oris''
|-
|''Lactobacillus panis''

(Wiese et al. 1996)
|''Limosilactobacillus panis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pontis''

(Vogel et al. 1994)
|''Limosilactobacillus pontis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus reuteri''

(Kandler et al. 1982)
|''Limosilactobacillus reuteri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus secaliphilus''

(Ehrmann et al. 2007)
|''Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus vaginalis''

(Embley et al. 1989)
|''Limosilactobacillus vaginalis''
|-
|
|'''''Secundilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus malefermentans''

(Farrow et al. 1989)
|''Secundilactobacillus malefermentans''
| rowspan="11" |Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. La majoria d'espècies creixen a 15ºC i algunes a 45ºC. L'interval de pH en el que són capaces de créixer és molt variable. El gènere s'ha adaptat a hàbitats pobres en hexosa. Tenen gens que codifiquen la [[transaldolasa]] i la [[transcetolasa]], enzims que intervenen en el metabolisme de les pentoses a [[Àcid pirúvic|piruvat]]. Són capaces de metabolitzar els [[Diol|diols]] mitjançant la [[via diol-hidratasa]] i de convertir [[Agmantina|l'agmantina]].
|-
|''Lactobacillus collinoides''

(Carr and Davies 1972)
|''Secundilactobacillus collinoides''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kimchicus''

(Liang et al. 2011)
|''Secundilactobacillus kimchicus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mixtipabuli''

(Tohno et al. 2015)
|''Secundilactobacillus mixtipabuli''
|-
|''Lactobacillus odoratitofui''

(Chao et al. 2010)
|''Secundilactobacillus odoratitofui''
|-
|''Lactobacillus oryzae''

(Tohno et al. 2013)
|''Secundilactobacillus oryzae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus paracollinoides''

(Suzuki et al. 2004)
|''Secundilactobacillus paracollinoides''
|-
|''Lactobacillus pentosiphilus''

(Tohno et al. 2017)
|''Secundilactobacillus pentosiphilus''
|-
|''Lactobacillus silagei''

(Tohno et al. 2013)
|''Secundilactobacillus silagei''
|-
|''Lactobacillus silangincola''

(Tohno et al. 2017)
|''Secundilactobacillus silagincola''
|-
|''Lactobacillus similis''

(Kitahara et al. 2010)
|''Secundilactobacillus similis''
|-
|
|'''''Levilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus brevis''

(Bergey et al. 1934)
|''Levilactobacillus brevis''
| rowspan="22" |Són bacils gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. Creixen a 15ºC però no a 45ºC, són àcid tolerats i normalment creixen entre pH 4 i 7. Produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic.

Tenen gens que codifiquen la transaldolasa i la transcetolasa, enzims que intervenen en el metabolisme de les pentoses a piruvat.
|-
|''Lactobacillus acidifarinae''

(Vancanneyt et al. 2005)
|''Levilactobacillus acidifarinae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus bambusae''

(Guu et al. 2018)
|''Levilactobacillus bambusae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus cerevisiae''

(Koob et al. 2017)
|''Levilactobacillus cerevisiae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus fujinensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus fujinensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus fuyuanensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus fuyuanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hammesii''

(Valcheva et al. 2005)
|''Levilactobacillus hammesii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus huananensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus huananensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus koreensis''

(Naam Bui et al. 2011)
|''Levilactobacillus koreensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus lindianensis''

(Long and Gu, 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus lindianensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus mulengensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus mulengensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus namurensis''

(Scheirlinck et al. 2007)
|''Levilactobacillus namurensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus parabrevis''

(Vancanneyt et al. 2006)
|''Levilactobacillus parabrevis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus paucivorans'' (Ehrmann et al. 2010)
|''Levilactobacillus paucivorans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus senmaizukei''

(Hiraga et al. 2008)
|''Levilactobacillus senmaizukei''
|-
|''Lactobacillus spicheri''

(Meroth et al. 2004)
|''Levilactobacillus spicheri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus suantsaii''

(Liou et al. 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus suantsaii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus suantsaiihabitans''

(Lin et al. 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus suantsaiihabitans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus tangyuanensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus tangyuanensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus tongjianensis''

(Long and Gu 2019)
|''Levilactobacillus tongjiangensi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus yonginensis''

(Yi et al. 2013)
|''Levilactobacillus yonginensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus zymae''

(Vancanneyt et al. 2005)
|''Levilactobacillus zymae''
|-
|
|'''''Fructilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus fructivorans''

(Charlton et al. 1934)
|''Fructilactobacillus fructivorans''
| rowspan="6" |Són bacils Gram positius, heterofermentatius, catalasa negatius i aerotolerants. Creixen a 15ºC però no a partir de 37ºC. Fermenten pocs glúcids i algunes soques només la maltosa i la sacarosa. La majoria de soques de les diferents espècies són fructofíliques i utilitzen la fructosa com a últim acceptor d'electrons en lloc d'una font de carboni.
|-
|''Lactobacillus florum''

(Endo et al. 2010)
|''Fructilactobacillus florum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ixorae''

(Techo et al. 2016)
|''Fructilactobacillus ixorae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus lindneri''

(Back et al. 1997)
|''Fructilactobacillus lindneri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis''

(Weiss and Schillinger 1984)
|''Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus vespulae''

(Hoang et al. 2015)
|''Fructilactobacillus vespulae''
|-
|
|'''''Acetilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus jinshani''

(Yu et al. 2020)
|''Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis''
|Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. Mesòfils, creixen entre els 20-40ºC, i àcid tolerants, amb un pH òptim de 4. Fermenten [[Polialcohol|polialcohols]] i disacàrids per obtenir àcid làctic i exclouen la majoria d'hexoses i pentoses.
|-
|
|'''''Apilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus kunkeei''

(Edwards et al. 1998)
|''Apilactobacillus kunkeei''
| rowspan="7" |Baccils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. Creixen entre 15 i 37ºC. Moltes soques poden créixer en condicions de pH àcides, per sota de 3. Totes les soques metabolitzen la fructosa per obtenir mannitol. Només són capaces de fermentar un petit espectre de glúcids, entre ells, fructosa, glucosa i la sacarosa. No són capaces de fermentar la maltosa ni pentoses.
|-
|''Lactobacillus apinorum''

(Olofsson et al. 2014)
|''Apilactobacillus apinorum''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kosoi''

(Chiou et al. 2018)
|''Apilactobacillus kosoi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus micheneri''

(McFrederick et al. 2018)
|''Apilactobacillus micheneri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus ozensis''

(Kawasaki et al. 2011)
|''Apilactobacillus ozensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus quenuiae''

(Frederick et al. 2018)
|''Apilactobacillus quenuiae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus timberlakei''

(McFrederick et al. 2018)
|''Apilactobacillus timberlakei''
|-
|
|'''''Lentilactobacillus'''''
|
|-
|''Lactobacillus buchneri''

(Bergey et al. 1923)
|''Lentilactobacillus buchneri''
| rowspan="15" |Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. La majoria creixen a 15ºC i algunes a 45ºC. El rang de pH per créixer és molt variable però l'òptim és per sota de 6. La majoria metabolitzen el lactat a [[1,2-propandiol]] i/o el 1,2-propandiol a [[propanol]] i [[Àcid propanoic|propionat]]. Per via agmatina deiminasa, converteixen l'agmatina, un producte de [[Arginina|l'arginina]] mitjançant l'acció de l'enzim [[arginina descarboxilasa]], en [[N-carbamoylputrescina]] i [[Amoníac|NH<sub>3</sub>]].
|-
|''Lactobacillus curieae''

(Lei et al. 2013)
|''Lentilactobacillus curieae''
|-
|''Lactobacillus diolivorans''

(Kroonemen et al. 2001)
|''Lentilactobacillus diolivorans''
|-
|''Lactobacillus farraginis''

(Endo and Okada 2007)
|''Lentilactobacillus farraginis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus hilgardii''

(Douglas and Cruess 1936)
|''Lentilactobacillus hilgardi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kefir''

(Kandler and Kunath 1983)
|''Lentilactobacillus kefir''
|-
|''Lactobacillus kisonensis''

(Watanabe et al. 2009)
|''Lentilactobacillus kisonensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus otakiensis''

(Watanabe et al. 2009)
|''Lentilactobacillus otakiensis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus parabuchneri''

(Farrow et al. 1988)
|''Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri''
|-
|''Lactobacillus parafarraginis''

(Endo and Okada 2007)
|''Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis''
|-
|''Lactobacillus parakefiri''

(Takizawa et al. 1994)
|''Lentilactobacillus parakefiri''
|-
|No es va arribar a publicar com ''Lactobacillus raoultii'' (Nicaise et al. 2019)
|''Lentilactobacillus raoultii''
|-
|''Lactobacillus rapi''

(Watanabe et al. 2009)
|''Lentilactobacillus rapi''
|-
|''Lactobacillus senioris''

(Oki et al. 2012)
|''Lentilactobacillus senioris''
|-
|''Lactobacillus sunkii''

(Watanabe et al. 2009)
|''Lentilactobacillus sunkii''
|}
{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat}}
{{Bases de dades taxonòmiques}}
{{Bases de dades taxonòmiques}}

Revisió del 03:52, 19 gen 2021

Aquest article o secció no cita les fonts o necessita més referències per a la seva verificabilitat.
Infotaula d'ésser viuLactobacil
Lactobacillus Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Lactobacillus Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Dades
Tinció de GramGrampositiu Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Taxonomia
RegneBacillati
FílumBacillota
ClasseBacilli
OrdreLactobacillales
FamíliaLactobacillaceae
GènereLactobacillus Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Beij., 1901
Tipus taxonòmicLactobacillus delbrueckii Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Els lactobacils (Lactobacillus) són un grup de bacteris que pertanyen als bacteris làctics. Es caracteritzen per ser cocs o bacilsGram positius, no formadors d'espores, catalasa negatius, normalment immòbils i ocasionalment tenen la capacitat de reduir el nitrat. Són neutròfils, és a dir, el seu interval de pH òptim de creixement és entre 5-9. Poden créixer entre 2 i 53ºC però l'interval òptim de temperatura està comprès entre 30 i 40ºC. Són ubics, és a dir, es poden trobar en qualsevol ambient i alguns d'ells són: el tracte gastrointestinal (cavitat bucal, estómac i intestí), l'aparell genitourinari masculí, la microbiota vaginal, vegetals, productes carnis, productes lactis, productes vinícoles, entre d'altres. Poden tenir un metabolisme homofermentatiu o heterofermentatiu tant estricte com facultatiu.

Industrialment són utilitzats com cultius iniciadors per la producció de diversos tipus de productes fermentats com el iogurt i com a probiòtics i suplements alimentaris.[1][2]

Fins el març del 2020, el gènere Lactobacillus comprenia 262 espècies però després de la seqüenciació completa del genoma de totes elles, un grup de científics de diversos països, treballant coordinadament, van proposar la reclassificació del gènere Lactobacillus i s'han establert 23 nous gèneres: Lactobacillus, Amylolactobacillus, Holzapfelia, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacillus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Laticlactobacillus, Loigolactobacillus, Dellaglioa, Liquorilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Furfurilactobacillus, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Acetilactobacillus, Apilactobacillus i Lentilactobacillus.[2][3][4]

Comparació entre la nomenclatura del gènere Lactobacillus establerta fins el 2020 i la nova proposta feta per Zheng et al. 2020:[4][5]

1901-2020 Zheng et al. 2020

Característiques

Lactobacillaceae Lactobacillaceae
Homofermentatius
Lactobacillus Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus delbrueckii

(Beijerinck 1901)

Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacils Gram positius, termòfils, homofermentatius i no formadors d'espores.

Capaces de fermentar gran diversitat de glúcids i tenen soques amb l'habilitat de fermentar fructans extracel·lulars, midó, glicogen o manitol.

S'adapten a l'hoste.

P.e, Lactobacillus melliventris està adaptat a les abelles.

Gènere rellevant a l'ecosistema intestinal i vaginal.

Presents en la fermentació de productes làctics i de cereals.

Utilitzats com a cultius iniciadors per a la fabricació de productes làctics fermentats.

Lactobacillus acetotolerans

(Etani et al. 1986)

Lactobacillus acetotolerans
Lactobacillus acidophilus

(Handsen and Mocquot 1970)

Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus amylolyticus

(Bohak et al. 1999)

Lactobacillus amylolyticus
Lactobacillus amylovorus

(Nakamura 1981)

Lactobacillus amylovorus
Lactobacillus apis

(Killer et al. 2014)

Lactobacillus apis
Lactobacillus bombicola

(Praet et al. 2015)

Lactobacillus bombicola
Lactobacillus colini

(Zhang et al. 2017)

Lactobacillus colini
Lactobacillus crispatus

(Moore and Holdeman 1970)

Lactobacillus crispatus
Lactobacillus equicursoris

(Morita et al. 2010)

Lactobacillus equicursoris
Lactobacillus fornicalis

(Dicks et al. 2000)

Lactobacillus fornicalis
Lactobacillus gallinarum

(Fujisawa et al. 1992)

Lactobacillus gallinarum
Lactobacillus gasseri

(Lauer and Kandler 1980)

Lactobacillus gasseri
Lactobacillus gigeriorum

(Cousin et al. 2012)

Lactobacillus gigeriorum
Lactobacillus hamsteri Lactobacillus hamsteri
Lactobacillus helsingborgensis

(Olofsson et al. 2014)

Lactobacillus helsingborgensis
Lactobacillus helveticus

(Bergey et al. 1925)

Lactobacillus helveticus
Lactobacillus hominis

(Cousin et al. 2013)

Lactobacillus hominis
Lactobacillus iners

(Falsen et al 1999)

Lactobacillus iners
Lactobacillus intestinalis

(Fujisawa et a. 1990)

Lactobacillus intestinalis
Lactobacillus jensenii

(Gasser et al. 1970)

Lactobacillus jensenii
Lactobacillus johnsonii

(Fujisawa et al. 1992)

Lactobacillus johnsonii
Lactobacillus kalixensis

(Roos et al. 2005)

Lactobacillus kalixensis
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens

(Fujisawa et al. 1988)

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens
Lactobacillus kimbladii

(Olofsson et al. 2014)

Lactobacillus kimbladii
Lactobacillus kitasatonis

(Mukai et al. 2003)

Lactobacillus kitasatonis
Lactobacillus kullabergensis

(Olofsson et al. 2014)

Lactobacillus kullabergensis
Lactobacillus melliventris

(Olofsson et al. 2014)

Lactobacillus melliventris
Lactobacillus mulieris

(Rocha et al. 2020)

Lactobacillus mulieris
Lactobacillus panisapium

(Wang et al. 2018)

Lactobacillus panisapium
Lactobacillus paragasseri

(Tanizawa et al. 2018)

Lactobacillus paragasseri
Lactobacillus pasteurii

(Cousin et al. 2013)

Lactobacillus pasteurii
Lactobacillus porci

(Kim et al. 2018)

Lactobacillus porci
Lactobacillus psittaci

(Lawson et al. 2001)

Lactobacillus psittaci
Lactobacillus rodentium

(Killer et al. 2014)

Lactobacillus rodentium
Lactobacillus taiwanensis

(Wang et al. 2009)

Lactobacillus taiwanensis
Lactobacillus ultunensis

(Roos et al. 2005)

Lactobacillus ultunensis
Lactobacillus xujianguonis

(Meng et al. 2020)

Lactobacillus xujianguonis
Amylolactobacillus
Lactobacillus amylophilus (Nakamura and Crowell 1981) Amylolactobacillus amylophilus Bacils Gram positius immòbils, catalasa negatius, oxidasa negatius i no formadors d'espores. Homofermentatius i tenen activitat enzimàtica amilolítica extracel·lular.
Lactobacillus amylotrophicus (Naser et al. 2006) Amylolactobacillus amylotrophicus
Holzapfelia
Lactobacillus floricola (Kawasaki et al. 2011) Holzapfelia floricola Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius, homofermentatius i aerotolerants. Fermenten únicament la glucosa i la fructosa.
Bombilatobacillus
Lactobacillus mellifer (Olofsson et al. 2014) Bombilactobacillus mellifer Bacils Gram positius, homofermentatius i termòfils.

El B. mellifer fermenta algunes hexoses, sacarosa i rafinosa.

El B. bombi fermenta una gran diversitat de glúcids.

Lactobacillus bombi

(Killer et al. 2014)

Bombilactobacillus bombi
Lactobacillus mellis (Olofsson et al. 2014) Bombilactobacillus mellis
Companilactobacillus
Lactobacillus alimentarius (Reuter 1983) Companilactobacillus alimentarius Bacils Gram positius, homofermentatius, no formadors d'espores. Creixen entre els 25ºC-30ºC, algunes soques poden créixer a 45ºC i algunes a 15ºC.
Lactobacillus allii

(Jung et al. 2017)

Companilactobacillus allii
Lactobacillus baiquanensis (Wei and Gu 2019) Companilactobacillus baiquanensis
Lactobacillus bobalius

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2008)

Companilactobacillus bobalius
Lactobacillus crustorum (Scheirlinck et al. 2007) Companilactobacillus crustorum
Lactobacillus farciminis (Reuter 1983) Companilactobacillus farciminis
Lactobacillus formosensis (Chang et al. 2015) Companilactobacillus formosensis
Lactobacillus furfuricola (Irisawa et al. 2014) Companilactobacillus furfuricola
Lactobacillus futsaii

(Chao et al. 2012)

Companilactobacillus futsaii
Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans

(Jung et al. 2013)

Companilactobacillus ginsenosidimutans
Lactobacillus halodurans (Schuster et al. 2019) Companilactobacillus halodurans
Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis (Gu et al. 2013) Companilactobacillus heilongjiangensis
Lactobacillus huachuanensis (Fu and Gu 2019) Companilactobacillus huachuanensis
Lactobacillus hulinensis (Wei and Gu) Companilactobacillus hulinensis
Lactobacillus insicii (Ehrmann et al. 2016) Companilactobacillus insicii
Lactobacillus jidongensis (Wei and Gu 2019) Companilactobacillus jidongensis
Lactobacillus kedongensis

(Wei and Gu 2019)

Companilactobacillus kedongensis
Lactobacillus keshanensis

(Wei and Gu 2019)

Companilactobacillus keshanensis
Lactobacillus kimchiensis

(Kim et al. 2013)

Companilactobacillus kimchiensis
Lactobacillus kimchii

(Yoon et al. 2000)

Companilactobacillus kimchii
Lactobacillus metriopterae

(Chiba et al. 2018)

Companilactobacillus metriopterae
Lactobacillus mindensis

(Ehrmann et al. 2003)

Companilactobacillus mindensis
Lactobacillus mishanensis

(Wei and Gu 2019)

Companilactobacillus mishanensis
Lactobacillus musae

(Chen et al. 2017)

Companilactobacillus musae
Lactobacillus nantensis

(Valcheva et al. 2006)

Companilactobacillus nantensis
Lactobacillus nodensis

(Kashiwagi et al. 2009)

Companilactobacillus nodensis
Lactobacillus nuruki

(Heo et al. 2018)

Companilactobacillus nuruki
Lactobacillus paralimentarius

(Cai et al. 1999)

Companilactobacillus paralimentarius
Lactobacillus salsicarnum

(Schuster et al. 2019)

Companilactobacillus salsicarnum
Lactobacillus suantsaicola

(Lin et al. 2019)

Companilactobacillus suantsaicola
Lactobacillus tucceti

(Chenoll et al. 2009)

Companilactobacillus tucceti
Lactobacillus versmoldensis

(Kröckel et al. 2003)

Companilactobacillus versmoldensis
Lactobacillus zhachilii

(Zhang et al. 2019)

Companilactobacillus zhachilii
Lactobacillus zhongbaensis (Wei and Gu 2019) Companilactobacillus zhongbaensis
Lapidilactobacillus
Lactobacillus concavus

(Tong and Dong 2005)

Lapidilactobacillus concavus Bacils o cocs Gram positius immòbils, homofermentatius, no formadors d'espores, catalasa negatius i anaeròbics facultatius. L'interval de pH òptim de creixement i per fer ús de la pentosa depèn de la soca, normalment entre 6-7. L'interval de temperatura òptima de creixement és entre els 30ºC-37ºC. El producte principal de la fermentació és l'àcid L-làctic. 
Lactobacillus bayanensis

(Wei and Gu 2019)

Lapidilactobacillus bayanensis
Lactobacillus dextrinicus

(Haakensen et al. 2009)

Lapidilactobacillus dextrinicus
Agrilactobacillus
Lactobacillus composti

(Endo and Okada 2007)

Agrilactobacillus composti Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius, homofermentatius i aerotolerants.
Lactobacillus yilanensis

(Wei and Gu 2019)

Agrilactobacillus yilanensis
Schleiferilactobacillus
Lactobacillus perolens

(Back et al. 2000)

Schleiferilactobacillus perolens Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius, homofermentatius i aerotolerants.

Creixen entre 15 i 42ºC. Fermenten una gran diversitat de gúcids com les pentoses, hexoses i oligosacàrids.

Lactobacillus harbinensis

(Miyamoto et al. 2006)

Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis
Lactobacillus shenzhenensis

(Zou et al. 2013)

Schleiferilactobacillus shenzhenensis
Lacticaseibacillus
Lactobacillus casei

(Hansen and Lessel 1971)

Lacticaseibacillus casei Bacils Gram positius immòbils, oxidasa negatius, i homofermentatius.

Creixen entre 10 i 45ºC.

Normalment produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic a partir de la glucosa. Són considerades de gran importància econòmica ja que moltes espècies són utilitzades com a cultius iniciadors i com a probiòtics.

Lactobacillus baoqingensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Lacticaseibacillus baoqingensis
Lactobacillus brantae

(Volokhov et al. 2012)

Lacticaseibacillus brantae
Lactobacillus camelliae

(Tanasupawat et al. 2007)

Lacticaseibacillus camelliae
Lactobacillus chiayiensis

(Huang et al. 2018)

Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis
Lactobacillus hulanensis

(Zhao and Gu et al. 2019)

Lacticaseibacillus hulanensis
Lactobacillus jixianensis

(Long and Gu, 2019)

Lacticaseibacillus jixianensis
Lactobacillus manihotivorans

(Morlon‐Guyot et al. 1998)

Lacticaseibacillus manihotivorans
Lactobacillus nasuensis

(Cai et al. 2012)

Lacticaseibacillus nasuensis
Lactobacillus pantheris

(Liu and Dong 2002)

Lacticaseibacillus pantheris
Lactobacillus paracasei (Collins et al. 1989) Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
Lactobacillus porcinae (Nguyen et al. 2013) Lacticaseibacillus porcinae
Lactobacillus rhamnosus

(Collins et al. 1989)

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus saniviri

(Oki et al. 2012)

Lacticaseibacillus saniviri
Lactobacillus sharpeae

(Weiss et al. 1981)

Lacticaseibacillus sharpeae
Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis

(Gu et al. 2013)

Lacticaseibacillus songhuajiangensis
Lactobacillus thailandensis

(Tanasupawat et al. 2007)

Lacticaseibacillus thailandensis
Latilactobacillus
Lactobacillus sakei

(Klein et al. 1996)

Latilactobacillus sakei Bacils Gram positius, homofermentatius.

Produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic a excepció de L. fuchuensis, el qual només produeix l'isòmer L-.

Són mesòfils encara que algunes soques són psicròtrofes i creixen per sota dels 8ºC.

Lactobacillus curvatus

(Klein et al. 1996)

Latilactobacillus curvatus
Lactobacillus fuchuensis

(Sakala et al. 2002)

Latilactobacillus fuchuensis
Lactobacillus graminis

(Beck et al. 1989)

Latilactobacillus graminis
Loigolactobacillus
Lactobacillus coryniformis

(Abo‐Elnaga and Kandler 1965)

Loigolactobacillus coryniformis Bacils Gram positius immòbils, catalasa negatius, no formadors d'espores. Els bacils normalment es troben sols o per parelles.

Homofermentatius i produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic. L'habilitat per fermentar pentoses depèn de l'espècie; moltes espècies produeixen àcid de la D-manosa i el D-manitol.

Lactobacillus backii

(Tohno et al. 2013)

Loigolactobacillus backii
Lactobacillus bifermentans

(Kandler et al. 1983)

Loigolactobacillus bifermentans
Lactobacillus iwatensis

(Tohno et al. 2013)

Loigolactobacillus iwatensis
Lactobacillus jiayinensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Loigolactobacillus jiayinensis
Lactobacillus rennini

(Chenoll et al. 2006)

Loigolactobacillus rennini
Lactobacillus zhaoyuanensis

(Long and Gu, 2019)

Loigolactobacillus zhaoyuanensis
Dellaglioa
Lactobacillus algidus

(Kato et al. 2000)

Dellaglioa algida Bacils Gram positius immòbils, anaeròbics facultatius, pricròfils i homofermentatius.
Liquorilactobacillus
Lactobacillus mali

(Kaneuchi et al. 1988)

Liquorilactobacillus mali Bacils Gram positius, majoritàriament mòbils excepte L. cacaonum, L. hordei i L. mali.

Contenen àcid meso-diamilopimelic. Moltes soques produeixen dextrans a partir de la sacarosa.

Lactobacillus aquaticus

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2009)

Liquorilactobacillus aquaticus
Lactobacillus cacaonum

(De Bruyne et al. 2009)

Liquorilactobacillus cacaonum
Lactobacillus capillatus

(Chao et al. 2008)

Liquorilactobacillus capillatus
Lactobacillus ghanensis

(Nielsen et al. 2007)

Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis
Lactobacillus hordei

(Rouse et al. 2008)

Liquorilactobacillus hordei
Lactobacillus nagelii

(Edwards et al. 2000)

Lacitilactobacillus nagelii
Lactobacillus oeni

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2009)

Liquorilactobacillus oeni
Lactobacillus satsumensis

(Endo and Okada 2005)

Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis
Lactobacillus sicerae

(Puertas et al. 2014)

Liquorilactobacillus sicerae
Lactobacillus sucicola

(Irisawa and Okada 2009)

Liquorilactobacillus sucicola
Lactobacillus uvarum

(Mañes‐Lázaro et al. 2008)

Liquorilactobacillus uvarum
Lactobacillus vini

(Rodas et al. 2006)

Liquorilactobacillus vini
Ligilactobacillus
Lactobacillus salivarius

(Li et al. 2006)

Ligilactobacillus salivarius Bacils Gram positius, majoritàriament mòbils i homofermentatius. Moltes soques expressen ureasa, la qual està associada a l'adaptació a l'estil de vida de l'hoste vertebrat. Es comercialitzen usualment com a cultius iniciadors i com a probiòtics.
Lactobacillus acidipiscis

(Tanasupawat et al. 2000)

Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis
Lactobacillus agilis

(Weiss et al. 1982)

Ligilactobacillus agilis
Lactobacillus animalis

(Dent and Williams 1983)

Ligilactobacillus animalis
Lactobacillus apodemi

(Osawa et al. 2006)

Ligilactobacillus apodemi
Lactobacillus aviarius (Fujisawa et al. 1985) Ligilactobacillus aviarius
Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. araffinosus

(Fujisawa et al. 1985)

Ligilactobacillus araffinosus
Lactobacillus ceti

(Vela et al. 2008)

Ligilactobacillus ceti
Lactobacillus equi

(Morotomi et al. 2002)

Ligilactobacillus equi
Lactobacillus faecis

(Endo et al. 2013)

Ligilactobacillus faecis
Lactobacillus hayakitensis

(Morita et al. 2007)

Ligilactobacillus hayakitensis
Lactobacillus murinus

(Hemme et al. 1982)

Ligilactobacillus murinus
Lactobacillus pobuzihii

(Chen et al. 2010)

Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii
Lactobacillus ruminis

(Sharpe et al. 1973)

Ligilactobacillus ruminis
Lactobacillus saerimneri

(Pedersen and Roos 2004)

Ligilactobacillus saerimneri
Lactobacillus salitolerans

(Tohno et al. 2019)

Ligilactobacillus salitolerans
Lactiplantibacillus
Lactobacillus plantarum

(Bergey et al. 1923)

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Bacils Gram positius immòbils, no formadors d'espores i homofermentatius. Fermenten una gran diversitat de glúcids. Moltes espècies metabolitzen àcid fenòlic mitjançant activitats esterasa, descarboxilasa i reductasa.

L. plantarum és atípic a causa de la seva activitat pseudocatalasa i per reduir el nitrat.

Lactobacillus daoliensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Lactiplantibacillus daoliensis
Lactobacillus daowaiensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Lactiplantibacillus daowaiensis
Lactobacillus dongliensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Lactiplantibacillus dongliensis
Lactobacillus fabifermentans

(De Bruyne et al. 2009)

Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans
Lactobacillus herbarum

(Mao et al. 2015)

Lactiplantibacillus herbarum
Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans

(Miyashita et al. 2015)

Lactiplantibacillus modestisalitolerans
Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis

(Gu et al. 2013)

Lactiplantibacillus mudanjiangensis
Lactobacillus nangangensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Lactiplantibacillus nangangensis
Lactobacillus paraplantarum

(Curk et al. 1996)

Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum
Lactobacillus pentosus

(Zanoni et al. 1987)

Lactiplantibacillus pentosus
Lactobacillus pingfangensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Lactiplantibacillus pingfangensis
Lactobacillus plajomi

(Miyashita et al. 2015)

Lactiplantibacillus plajomi
Lactobacillus songbeiensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Lactiplantibacillus songbeiensis
Lactobacillus xiangfangensis

(Gu et al. 2012)

Lactiplantibacillus xiangfangensis
Heterofermentatius
Furfurilactobacillus
Lactobacillus rossiae

(Corsetti et al. 2005)

Furfurilactobacillus rossiae Bacils Gram positius, heterofermentatius i aerotolerants. Creixen entre 15 i 37ºC i no toleren temperatures superiors als 45ºC.
Lactobacillus curtus

(Asakawa et al. 2017)

Furfurilactobacillus curtus
Lactobacillus siliginis

(Aslam et al. 2006)

Furfurilactobacillus siligini
Paucilactobacillus
Lactobacillus vaccinostercus

(Okada et al. 1979)

Paucilactobacillus vaccinostercus Bacils Gram positius, heterofermentatius, catalasa negatius i aerotolerants. Creixen entre 20 i 37ºC. Moltes espècies són psicròtrofes però el P. suebicus creix a 45ºC. Metabolitzen pentoses i moltes soques no fermenten disacàrids.
Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis

(Tohno et al. 2013)

Paucilactobacillus hokkaidonensis
Lactobacillus kaifaensis

(Liu and Gu 2019)

Paucilactobacillus kaifaensis
Lactobacillus nenjiangensis

(Gu et al. 2013)

Paucilactobacillus nenjiangensis
Lactobacillus oligofermentans

(Koort et al. 2005)

Paucilactobacillus oligofermentans
Lactobacillus suebicus

(Kleynmans et al. 1989)

Paucilactobacillus suebicus
Lactobacillus wasatchensis

(Oberg et al. 2016)

Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis
Limosilactobacillus
Lactobacillus fermentum

(Beijerinck 1901)

Limosilactobacillus fermentum Poden ser cocs o bacils gram positius, són heterofermentatius, catalasa negatius i anaeròbics o aerotolerants. Creixen a 37ºC i algunes d'elles a 45ºC però no creixen a 15ºC. Fermenten una gran diversitat de glúcids encara que moltes espècies no fermenten la glucosa. Algunes espècies com el L. reuteri produeixen exopolisacàrids a partir de la sacarosa per donar suport a la formació del biofilm que té lloc a la superfície epitelial del tracte intestinal.
Lactobacillus alvi

(Kim et al. 2011)

Limosilactobacillus alvi
Lactobacillus antri

(Roos et al 2005)

Limosilactobacillus antri
Lactobacillus caviae

(Killer et al. 2017)

Limosilactobacillus caviae
Lactobacillus coleohominis

(Nikolaitchouk et al. 2001)

Limosilactobacillus coleohominis
Lactobacillus equigenerosi

(Endo et al. 2008)

Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi
Lactobacillus frumenti

(Müller et al. 2000)

Limosilactobacillus frumenti
Lactobacillus gastricus

(Roos et al. 2005)

Limosilactobacillus gastricus
Lactobacillus gorillae

(Tsuchida et al. 2014)

Limosilactobacillus gorillae
Lactobacillus ingluviei

(Baele et al. 2003)

Limosilactobacillus ingluviei
Lactobacillus mucosae

(Roos et al. 2000)

Limosilactobacillus mucosae
Lactobacillus oris

(Farrow et al. 1988)

Limosilactobacillus oris
Lactobacillus panis

(Wiese et al. 1996)

Limosilactobacillus panis
Lactobacillus pontis

(Vogel et al. 1994)

Limosilactobacillus pontis
Lactobacillus reuteri

(Kandler et al. 1982)

Limosilactobacillus reuteri
Lactobacillus secaliphilus

(Ehrmann et al. 2007)

Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus
Lactobacillus vaginalis

(Embley et al. 1989)

Limosilactobacillus vaginalis
Secundilactobacillus
Lactobacillus malefermentans

(Farrow et al. 1989)

Secundilactobacillus malefermentans Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. La majoria d'espècies creixen a 15ºC i algunes a 45ºC. L'interval de pH en el que són capaces de créixer és molt variable. El gènere s'ha adaptat a hàbitats pobres en hexosa. Tenen gens que codifiquen la transaldolasa i la transcetolasa, enzims que intervenen en el metabolisme de les pentoses a piruvat. Són capaces de metabolitzar els diols mitjançant la via diol-hidratasa i de convertir l'agmantina.
Lactobacillus collinoides

(Carr and Davies 1972)

Secundilactobacillus collinoides
Lactobacillus kimchicus

(Liang et al. 2011)

Secundilactobacillus kimchicus
Lactobacillus mixtipabuli

(Tohno et al. 2015)

Secundilactobacillus mixtipabuli
Lactobacillus odoratitofui

(Chao et al. 2010)

Secundilactobacillus odoratitofui
Lactobacillus oryzae

(Tohno et al. 2013)

Secundilactobacillus oryzae
Lactobacillus paracollinoides

(Suzuki et al. 2004)

Secundilactobacillus paracollinoides
Lactobacillus pentosiphilus

(Tohno et al. 2017)

Secundilactobacillus pentosiphilus
Lactobacillus silagei

(Tohno et al. 2013)

Secundilactobacillus silagei
Lactobacillus silangincola

(Tohno et al. 2017)

Secundilactobacillus silagincola
Lactobacillus similis

(Kitahara et al. 2010)

Secundilactobacillus similis
Levilactobacillus
Lactobacillus brevis

(Bergey et al. 1934)

Levilactobacillus brevis Són bacils gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. Creixen a 15ºC però no a 45ºC, són àcid tolerats i normalment creixen entre pH 4 i 7. Produeixen àcid D- i L-làctic.

Tenen gens que codifiquen la transaldolasa i la transcetolasa, enzims que intervenen en el metabolisme de les pentoses a piruvat.

Lactobacillus acidifarinae

(Vancanneyt et al. 2005)

Levilactobacillus acidifarinae
Lactobacillus bambusae

(Guu et al. 2018)

Levilactobacillus bambusae
Lactobacillus cerevisiae

(Koob et al. 2017)

Levilactobacillus cerevisiae
Lactobacillus fujinensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Levilactobacillus fujinensis
Lactobacillus fuyuanensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Levilactobacillus fuyuanensis
Lactobacillus hammesii

(Valcheva et al. 2005)

Levilactobacillus hammesii
Lactobacillus huananensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Levilactobacillus huananensis
Lactobacillus koreensis

(Naam Bui et al. 2011)

Levilactobacillus koreensis
Lactobacillus lindianensis

(Long and Gu, 2019)

Levilactobacillus lindianensis
Lactobacillus mulengensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Levilactobacillus mulengensis
Lactobacillus namurensis

(Scheirlinck et al. 2007)

Levilactobacillus namurensis
Lactobacillus parabrevis

(Vancanneyt et al. 2006)

Levilactobacillus parabrevis
Lactobacillus paucivorans (Ehrmann et al. 2010) Levilactobacillus paucivorans
Lactobacillus senmaizukei

(Hiraga et al. 2008)

Levilactobacillus senmaizukei
Lactobacillus spicheri

(Meroth et al. 2004)

Levilactobacillus spicheri
Lactobacillus suantsaii

(Liou et al. 2019)

Levilactobacillus suantsaii
Lactobacillus suantsaiihabitans

(Lin et al. 2019)

Levilactobacillus suantsaiihabitans
Lactobacillus tangyuanensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Levilactobacillus tangyuanensis
Lactobacillus tongjianensis

(Long and Gu 2019)

Levilactobacillus tongjiangensi
Lactobacillus yonginensis

(Yi et al. 2013)

Levilactobacillus yonginensis
Lactobacillus zymae

(Vancanneyt et al. 2005)

Levilactobacillus zymae
Fructilactobacillus
Lactobacillus fructivorans

(Charlton et al. 1934)

Fructilactobacillus fructivorans Són bacils Gram positius, heterofermentatius, catalasa negatius i aerotolerants. Creixen a 15ºC però no a partir de 37ºC. Fermenten pocs glúcids i algunes soques només la maltosa i la sacarosa. La majoria de soques de les diferents espècies són fructofíliques i utilitzen la fructosa com a últim acceptor d'electrons en lloc d'una font de carboni.
Lactobacillus florum

(Endo et al. 2010)

Fructilactobacillus florum
Lactobacillus ixorae

(Techo et al. 2016)

Fructilactobacillus ixorae
Lactobacillus lindneri

(Back et al. 1997)

Fructilactobacillus lindneri
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis

(Weiss and Schillinger 1984)

Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis
Lactobacillus vespulae

(Hoang et al. 2015)

Fructilactobacillus vespulae
Acetilactobacillus
Lactobacillus jinshani

(Yu et al. 2020)

Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. Mesòfils, creixen entre els 20-40ºC, i àcid tolerants, amb un pH òptim de 4. Fermenten polialcohols i disacàrids per obtenir àcid làctic i exclouen la majoria d'hexoses i pentoses.
Apilactobacillus
Lactobacillus kunkeei

(Edwards et al. 1998)

Apilactobacillus kunkeei Baccils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. Creixen entre 15 i 37ºC. Moltes soques poden créixer en condicions de pH àcides, per sota de 3. Totes les soques metabolitzen la fructosa per obtenir mannitol. Només són capaces de fermentar un petit espectre de glúcids, entre ells, fructosa, glucosa i la sacarosa. No són capaces de fermentar la maltosa ni pentoses.
Lactobacillus apinorum

(Olofsson et al. 2014)

Apilactobacillus apinorum
Lactobacillus kosoi

(Chiou et al. 2018)

Apilactobacillus kosoi
Lactobacillus micheneri

(McFrederick et al. 2018)

Apilactobacillus micheneri
Lactobacillus ozensis

(Kawasaki et al. 2011)

Apilactobacillus ozensis
Lactobacillus quenuiae

(Frederick et al. 2018)

Apilactobacillus quenuiae
Lactobacillus timberlakei

(McFrederick et al. 2018)

Apilactobacillus timberlakei
Lentilactobacillus
Lactobacillus buchneri

(Bergey et al. 1923)

Lentilactobacillus buchneri Bacils Gram positius, catalasa negatius i heterofermentatius. La majoria creixen a 15ºC i algunes a 45ºC. El rang de pH per créixer és molt variable però l'òptim és per sota de 6. La majoria metabolitzen el lactat a 1,2-propandiol i/o el 1,2-propandiol a propanol i propionat. Per via agmatina deiminasa, converteixen l'agmatina, un producte de l'arginina mitjançant l'acció de l'enzim arginina descarboxilasa, en N-carbamoylputrescina i NH3.
Lactobacillus curieae

(Lei et al. 2013)

Lentilactobacillus curieae
Lactobacillus diolivorans

(Kroonemen et al. 2001)

Lentilactobacillus diolivorans
Lactobacillus farraginis

(Endo and Okada 2007)

Lentilactobacillus farraginis
Lactobacillus hilgardii

(Douglas and Cruess 1936)

Lentilactobacillus hilgardi
Lactobacillus kefir

(Kandler and Kunath 1983)

Lentilactobacillus kefir
Lactobacillus kisonensis

(Watanabe et al. 2009)

Lentilactobacillus kisonensis
Lactobacillus otakiensis

(Watanabe et al. 2009)

Lentilactobacillus otakiensis
Lactobacillus parabuchneri

(Farrow et al. 1988)

Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri
Lactobacillus parafarraginis

(Endo and Okada 2007)

Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis
Lactobacillus parakefiri

(Takizawa et al. 1994)

Lentilactobacillus parakefiri
No es va arribar a publicar com Lactobacillus raoultii (Nicaise et al. 2019) Lentilactobacillus raoultii
Lactobacillus rapi

(Watanabe et al. 2009)

Lentilactobacillus rapi
Lactobacillus senioris

(Oki et al. 2012)

Lentilactobacillus senioris
Lactobacillus sunkii

(Watanabe et al. 2009)

Lentilactobacillus sunkii
A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Lactobacil
  1. ↑ «Lactic Acid Bacteria» (en anglès). Wiley Online Library, 30-04-2014. DOI: 10.1002/9781118655252.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 «Lactic Acid Bacteria» (en anglès britànic). Falta indicar la publicació, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8841-0.
  3. ↑ Gray, Nathan. «Lactobacillus taxonomy changes: What implications for your activities?» (en anglès americà), 21-04-2020. [Consulta: 19 gener 2021].
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Zheng, Jinshui; Wittouck, Stijn; Salvetti, Elisa; Franz, Charles M.A.P.; Harris, Hugh M.B. «A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,, 70, 4, 2020, pàg. 2782–2858. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107. ISSN: 1466-5026.
  5. ↑ Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus «List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ» (en anglès). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 70, 11, 01-11-2020, pàg. 5607–5612. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332. ISSN: 1466-5026. PMC: PMC7723251. PMID: 32701423.
Obtingut de «https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lactobacil&oldid=26067127»