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Ciprínids

De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Infotaula d'ésser viuCiprínids
Cyprinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Peix arlequí (Trigonostigma heteromorpha, antic Rasbora heteromorpha).
Període
Eocè - recent
Taxonomia
Super-regneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumChordata
ClasseActinopteri
OrdreCypriniformes
SuperfamíliaCyprinoidea
FamíliaCyprinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Rafinesque, 1810
Subfamílies

Els ciprínids (Cyprinidae) són una família de peixos teleostis de l'ordre dels cipriniformes que viuen a les aigües dolces i són criats amb fins alimentaris o com a peixos d'aquari. Els ciprínids, en general, estan molt adaptats a l'aqüicultura, car són espècies molt resistents a la contaminació de les aigües o a la baixa concentració d'oxigen.

Morfologia

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Chondrostoma nasus
  • Tenen el cos ovalat i de dimensions variables (oscil·la entre uns centímetres i més d'un metre com ara la carpa) cobert d'escates cicloïdals molt desenvolupades.
  • La posició de la boca és variable però és llisa, amb mandíbules sense dents, i barbes en moltes espècies.
  • Els ossos de la faringe són falciformes amb estructures anomenades dents faríngies, que juntament amb formacions del basioccipital (recobertes amb una placa còrnia) formen un aparell rosegador molt potent.
  • Presenten una aleta dorsal i una d'anal de longitud variable formada per radis tous, llevat de la presència en algunes espècies (carpa, carpa de fang) d'un primer radi molt ossificat i dentat.[1]

Reproducció

[modifica]
Femella de Puntius titteya.

Es reprodueixen per ous i no existeixen representants vivípars.

Alimentació

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Generalment són omnívors, i consumeixen aliment tant d'origen animal com vegetal.

Hàbitat

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Tots ells són d'aigua dolça, encara que alguns estan perfectament adaptats a viure en les aigües salabroses.

Distribució geogràfica

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Es troben amplament distribuïts per les aigües continentals d'Euràsia, Àfrica i l'Amèrica del Nord.

Gèneres i espècies

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Carpa (Cyprinus carpio).
Peix zebra (Danio rerio).
Probarbus jullieni
Pseudorasbora parva fotografiat al Japó.
Barb comú (Barbus barbus).
Exemplars d'alburns (Alburnus alburnus).
Gila elegans
Phoxinus erythrogaster
Exemplar de Vimba vimba pescat al riu Morava (conca del Danubi).
Tenca (Tinca tinca)
Catla catla
Exemplars de Trigonostigma espei
Exemplars de Puntius semifasciolatus
Exemplars de Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Abramis ballerus
Exemplar de carpa koi japonesa (Leuciscus idus)
Blicca bjoerkna
Mascle de Celestichthys margaritatus
Exemplars de Puntius denisonii
Mascle d'Oreichthys umangii
Anaecypris hispanica
Hypsibarbus wetmorei
Phoxinus eos
Luxilus chrysocephalus
Zacco sieboldii
Raiamas bola
Exemplar adult d'Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Pungtungia herzi
Mylopharyngodon piceus
Chagunius chagunio
Epalzeorhynchos frenatum
Femella de Balantiocheilos melanopterus
Trigonostigma somphongsi
Schizopygopsis stoliczkai
Puntius stoliczkanus
Catlocarpio siamensis

Referències

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  1. Llorente, Gustavo: Els vertebrats de les zones humides dels Països Catalans. Editorial Pòrtic, S.A. Col·lecció Conèixer La Natura, núm. 6, plana 33. Desembre del 1988, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7306-354-6
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